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<ul><li><keyword id="65866" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="IRCTC">IRCTC</keyword> to launch special train to attract international tourists from Buddhist countries like Japan, China, Thailand and Sri Lanka. </li><li>The first rake of the train will roll out by the end of October although the train will be functional from December. </li><li>The train’s route will include important Buddhist destinations like Bodh Gaya, Budh Vihar, Sarnath and Kushi Nagar. </li></ul><keyword id="6355455" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-railways">Indian Railways</keyword> are leaving no effort to attract foreign travellers. After launching the Ask Disha app for domestic and foreign travellers, Indian Railways are now targeting tourists from Japan, China, Thailand and Sri Lanka by launching a special train on the <keyword id="6394118" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="buddhist-circuit">Buddhist Circuit</keyword>. The important Buddhist destinations to be connected are Bodh Gaya, Budh Vihar, Sarnath and Kushi Nagar. The ticket fare of the route is yet to be decided. As per media <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/wonderful-indian-railways-to-launch-special-train-with-world-class-facilities-on-buddhist-circuit/1352656/">reports,</a> the special express train will be managed by Indian Railways Catering and Tourists Corporation (IRCTC). The first route of the train is expected to be decided and kicked off by the of the year. Although, IRCTC will roll out its first rake by the end of October. Presently, the rail coaches are being manufactured in the Rail Coach Factory located at Kapurthala. The second train designed specially for international tourists, inspired by the Maharaja Express, will have 12 coaches. The first rake of the train will constitute four AC first class coaches followed by two second class coaches and one AC 3-tier coach designed specifically for staff. The first rake will also include two power car coaches, a pantry and two coaches for the dining car facility. The train will have a very fancy outer body and top notch facilities for the travellers. Some of the facilities includes digital lockers, venetian windows, decorative lighting, touch-free taps, bio toilets with vacuum evacuation, soap dispensers, CCTV camera, anti graffiti coaching and tea/coffee vending machines.

Indian Railways is all set to introduce a special train for Buddhist travellers across globe

New Delhi, Jan 13 () The Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) on Monday signed a pact with eight other institutes located in Punjab and Haryana for facilitating a collaborative research, skill development, and student's in-plant training.
 The Bathinda-based IIFPT inked the memorandum of understanding (MoU) in the presence of Union Food Processing Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal, an official statement said.
 The eight institutes/universities include Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana; Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda; Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana; National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal; Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology (SLIET), Sangrur; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali and Guru Nanak College, Budhlada, it added.
 Speaking on the occasion, the minister said everyone should work in collaboration with each other to increase the income of small farmers and such kind of MoU will open new opportunities for the benefit of farmers as there is great potential in the food processing sector.
 The MoU is intended to facilitate a collaborative programme of research, skill development, consultancy, institutional development, information dissemination and student's in-plant training. The linkage hereby formed will further strengthen the mutual bond and relationship between the partners, she added. LUX HRS

IIFPT inks pact with 8 institutes of Punjab, Haryana

<ul><li>Leaving behind 18 year old ties with the Indian National Congress, <keyword id="29632" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jyotiraditya-Scindia">Jyotiraditya Scindia</keyword> joined the ruling <keyword id="58687" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharatiya-Janata-Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</keyword> (BJP) on Wednesday (March 11). </li><li>Scindia owns properties worth ₹297 crore — including the ancestral <keyword id="8073664" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jai-Vilas-Mahal">Jai Vilas Mahal</keyword> in Gwalior and duplex in <keyword id="136034" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samudra-Mahal">Samudra Mahal</keyword>, Mumbai. </li><li>Built in 1874, the palace was valued at ₹1 crore back then — and costs over ₹4,000 crore today. </li><li>The Scindia family own two properties in Samudra Mahal, one of which is rented out to the <keyword id="45660" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Yes-Bank">Yes Bank</keyword> founder <keyword id="128581" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rana-Kapoor">Rana Kapoor</keyword>. The two highrises of 27-storeys each are valued at ₹125,000 per square feet.</li></ul>Leaving behind 18 year old ties with the Indian National Congress, Jyotiraditya Scindia joined the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on Wednesday (March 11). His resignation turned out to be a turbulence in the Congress government — triggering resignations from 22 other MLAs in Madhya Pradesh. 
 <div type="image" title="sc" msid="74603964" hostid="261"></div>



 Scindia who hails from a family of royals is not a stranger to riches. He owns properties worth ₹297 crore — including the ancestral Jai Vilas Mahal in Gwalior and duplex in Samudra Mahal, Mumbai. The Jai Vilas Palace, which was built by the last maharaja of <keyword id="4447396" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="gwalior-jivajirao-scindia">Gwalior Jivajirao Scindia</keyword> spans across 40 acres. The mahal has over 400 rooms and a museum wing as well. 
 <div type="image" title="vilas2" msid="74603992" hostid="261"></div>



 Built in 1874, the palace was valued at ₹1 crore back then — and costs over ₹4,000 crore today. The mahal has a dining room fitted with a train track on the table, which serves brandy and cigars in a silver train. In fact, the Darbar Hall, which is the main attraction of the Palace, has two chandeliers weighing 3,500 kgs each — making it the largest in the world. 
 <div type="image" title="silver train" msid="74603986" hostid="261"></div>



 The two chandeliers lighten up the hall with over 250 bulbs. It is also said that eight elephants were suspended from the roof embellished with gold to check if it was capable of bearing the weight of these chandeliers. <div type="image" title="darbar hall" msid="74604172" hostid="261"></div>

 But, that is not all. The Scindia family own two properties in Samudra Mahal in Mumbai including a terrace flat, one of which was rented out to the Yes Bank founder Rana Kapoor. The two highrises of 27-storeys each are valued at ₹125,000 per square feet — among the highest in the world and offering all possible luxuries. 
 <div type="image" title="4fdc623d083818cf362bb34eb4d75f8e" msid="74604027" hostid="261"></div>



 Because of its unique design, each of the duplex offers an eyeful of the vast Arabian Sea outside. Other residents of the posh complex include Akshata Narayan of Infosys, Nandan Nilekani, Vedanta Group head Prateek Agarwal, Motilal Oswal Group's joint-MD Raamdeo Agrawal, The Xander Group founder-chairman Siddharth Yog, Famous Studios chief A K Roongta. Scindia’s family has been into politics ever since his grandmother, Vijayaraje Scindia joined politics in 1957 — winning a seat from the <keyword id="1571" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Congress-party">Congress Party</keyword>. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/jyotiraditya-scindia-joining-bjp-news-and-updates/articleshow/74572946.cms">Jyotiraditya Scindia joins BJP and says his dreams were shattered in Congress</a>

BJP's Jyotiraditya Scindia’s palaces, museums and posh complexes have a royal history

<ul><li><keyword id="6354374" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="rajyavardhan-singh-rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</keyword> from BJP and <keyword id="140858" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Krishna-Poonia">Krishna Poonia</keyword> from INC are contesting for the Lok Sabha seat. </li><li>Rathore is a silver medal winner from the Olympics while Poonia is three-time Olympics participant and gold medallist in the Commonwealth Games. </li><li>While Rathore is the incumbent MP, the crowds seem to swinging in the favour of Poonia because of her caste.</li></ul>As India enters phase five of the general elections, there’s an interesting fight brewing in the land of the Maharajas and Maharanis. In <keyword id="79041" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jaipur-rural">Jaipur rural</keyword>, two Olympians – Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Krishna Poonia from the Indian National Congress – are contesting for the Lok Sabha seat. Rathore an Olympian shooter is the incumbent MP from Jaipur rural and is up against the Commonwealth gold medallist and Olympics participant Poonia. The two sporting icons now have a shot to win the golden ticket to the Lok Sabha. While they might have sports in common, their political affiliations and strides are completely opposite. Rathore, also a retired Colonel from the army, has gained much respect in his constituency for having paved the way for development and is a youth icon in the area. Rathore also holds the position of Minister of State for Information &amp; Broadcasting and Sports. “Youths of this constituency are joining the Army. They were wasting their time. Before 2014, there was no recruitment in Army from Jaipur district for six years. I started recruitment camps, and the results are there. We also arrange pre-recruitment training for youths,” <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/its-youth-vote-vs-caste-math-in-jaipur-rural/articleshow/69106064.cms">Economic Times</a> quoted Rathore from his rallies. Meanwhile, Poonia has gained popularity by being ‘one of the people’. Though Poonia hails from Haryana, her husband Virender Poonia is from the region, which brings her the <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/rajasthan/news/modi-wave-in-2014-was-visible-now-it-is-undercurrent-rajyavardhan-singh-rathore/articleshow/68962404.cms">favouritism</a>. The Jats from the constituency have spoken to the media about their preference towards Poonia because of her <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/its-youth-vote-vs-caste-math-in-jaipur-rural/articleshow/69106064.cms">caste</a>. But going beyond sports, from bus stops to drinking water facilities, there are a lot of issues that villagers want to be solved in the area. "We are faced with loads of challenges for our day-to-day survival in the village. In the morning, we need to fetch water for our daily needs. But as the groundwater has almost dried up here, we have one tap supplying water to 50 houses. Surprisingly, the water supply from this tap is limited to 60 minutes, which is insufficient to meet the needs of all the families," Bansilal Kumawat, a resident of the Sanodiya village in the constituency, told IANS. It’s not just the elderly, even children from the constituency are standing up for their rights. In early May, children from the Garhi village of the constituency were <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/rajasthan/news/on-jaipur-poll-pitch-kids-raise-voice-against-child-marriage/articleshow/69153701.cms">seen campaigning</a> and urging the elders to vote for the right candidate who would put a stop on child marriage and child labour in the area. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-polling-in-phase-5-will-see-battle-for-51-seats/articleshow/69193203.cms">Lok Sabha Elections 2019: Polling in Phase 5 will see battle for 51 seats</a>

In the land of the royals, two Olympic stars fight for votes – but it may boil down to caste

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/air-india">Air India</a> grounded two aircraft operating between Mumbai and Newark after passengers complained of being bitten by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/bedbugs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bedbugs</a> on two flights last week.</li><li>Passengers posted pictures and vented their frustrations on Twitter.</li><li>The airline said that affected aircraft have been fumigated and its upholstery overhauled.</li></ul>Air India temporarily grounded two aircraft operating between Mumbai and Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey after passengers complained of being bitten by bedbugs last week.Business class passengers on board Flight 144 reported bedbug bites on two separate segments last week.Air India was not immediately available for comment on the matter. However, in a statement to <a href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/Air-India-Flight-From-Newark-to-Mumbai-Leaves-Passengers-Covered-in-Bed-Bud-Bites-489117131.html?_osource=SocialFlowTwt_NYBrand" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NBC News</a>, the airline said that it is "deeply concerned with a few reports of 'bugs' causing inconvenience to its esteemed passengers.""The issue has been viewed seriously and every possible step is being taken to closely inspect and further strengthen our system at every level to ensure that such isolated incidents of passenger discomfiture do not affect our consistent performance," the airline added.While the origin of the insects on the plane is not yet known, Air India has worked to them exterminate them from its aircraft."Experienced experts have carried out extensive service on the aircraft from fumigation to overhaul of the upholstery, seat covers, carpets etc to ensure that passengers keep enjoying their in-flight experience with us as always without any complaint of inconvenience," the airline said in a statement.Two aircraft used to operate the flight the Mumbai-Newark route were grounded one day each, an airline official told the <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/bed-bugs-force-air-india-to-ground-mumbai-newark-planes/story-616RjX3JozlsKoW5NXMyKL.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hindustan Times</a>.Multiple passengers of Air India Flight took to Twitter to express both their frustration and disgust of being bitten by the insects while flying."Just arrived in New York on Air India 144 business class with family. All our seats infested with bed bugs," one <a href="https://twitter.com/pat_tons/status/1019166292681650176?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1019166292681650176&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcbayarea.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FAir-India-Flight-From-Newark-to-Mumbai-Leaves-Passengers-Covered-in-Bed-Bud-Bites-489117131.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">passenger complained</a>.Another <a href="https://twitter.com/roscrow/status/1020003055629209602?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1020003055629209602&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcbayarea.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FAir-India-Flight-From-Newark-to-Mumbai-Leaves-Passengers-Covered-in-Bed-Bud-Bites-489117131.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">passenger wrote</a> that his wife and three children were on Air India 144 from Newark to Mumbai and "have bedbug bites all of their body.""Is this what we paid $10,000 for?" the passenger complained.Air India, which is India's national airline, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44326987">has been looking</a> for a buyer since being put up for sale by the Indian government in March.The airline hasn't turned a profit since 2007 and has 27,000 employees along with $5 billion in debt. While a deadline has been extended to facilitate a purchase, a buyer has yet to emerge.<div></div><div></div><div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/socially-responsible-investing-platform-considers-how-companies-make-money-2018-7">This socially responsible investor says what a company does is even more important than how they do it</a></h3> <div> </div> </div></hr>

Air India grounded 2 of its planes after passengers complained of being covered in gruesome bedbug bites after flights

Prologue: The history of the <keyword id="81273" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="British-Raj" source="Orion">British Raj</keyword> in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> is so vast and so full of life that no movie – be it the action-heavy RRR, a gamified Lagaan or even the many passionate Bhagat Singh movies – could scratch the surface of it. But an American and a Frenchman paired up to achieve this in their book ‘<keyword id="400044" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Freedom-at-Midnight" source="Orion">Freedom at Midnight</keyword>’. It’s the story of India that many Indians know little about. For years, I have regaled many with the unbelievable anecdotes from the book, which is soon to be made into a web series. As we complete <keyword id="2177193" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="75-years-of-independence" source="Orion">75 years of independence</keyword>, I believe a brief summary of this epic is in order for we all need to know the history of how we got here today, breathing free in a country we can call our own. <div type="image" title="India at 75" msid="93508033" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;India at 75&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> A century and a half after Vasco da Gama discovered India, most of Europe had given up bland meals, and now pepper mills are on every dinner table. But India remained a free country only until the 1600s. That’s when Dutch traders decided to raise the rates of a pound of pepper by five shillings — a move that made a cartel of Englishmen receive an official sanction from Queen Elizabeth I to exclusively trade in all countries beyond the Cape of Good Hope. The company, called East India Company (EIC), also the world’s first company to issue equity shares – kickstarted a reign of evil, by a race which believed was ‘destined to govern and subdue’, according to Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre’s classic Freedom at Midnight. <div type="image" title="Freedom At Midnight by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre" msid="93508039" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Freedom At Midnight by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The wolf of this yet to be formed Wall Street was Captain William Hawkins, a seaman who was more of a pirate than an explorer. He soon found himself in the court of Jahangir, in an empire so vast and wealthy that his own Queen would have appeared to be the ruler of a provincial hamlet in contrast. Queen, Kipling and memsahibs EIC’s coffers filled but India, with its numerous territories and squabbles, would not let him hold on to their policy of ‘trade not territory’. But white supremacy is to prevail amongst ‘lesser breeds without law’ as Jungle Book writer Rudyard Kipling puts it. Even the British born writer believed that the right to rule Indians was placed on British soldiers by “the inscrutable decree of the providence”. The British shouldered it and region after region was lured by treasures if not treachery, weak and powerful kings won with weak enemies. The great Maratha Shivaji himself was known to have admired the British who fought for their honour, as he laid siege on Surat. Droves of young English men arrived in this strange land – with men in sagging dhotis and bare-armed women in sarees, and travelled the length and breadth of the country into villages with rations and letters that proclaimed their rights. And, they were all taught one principle - The English ran the country but they dwell apart. Memsahibs in India started running a very large version of Downton Abbey – with dinner parties that boasted of a servant per guest. They also set the tone for the Victorian era social seclusion – probably to keep their men away from the exotic temptations of the state. But it also made the British much different from many rulers that made India their home. Also, they were sending away taxes they collected from them back to the crown, as Indians starved. The British in India lived it up, served by coolies, and none were ‘better than Gunga Din’, a poetic character that saves an Englishman. They hunted tigers and killed ‘almost all’ cheetahs, the smallest of the big cats - which are now extinct in India, thanks to the Raj. They were having champagne in silver buckets and golfing, in style – golf arrived in India 30 years before New York. They also built the world’s highest golf course at 11,000 feet on the Himalayas. Almost a century after India became a British colony directly under the Queen’s rule, after the devastating Second World War, the country’s parliament voted to ‘leave the country’. George VI was sad that he had let go of a country he always wanted to visit but couldn’t. To ensure there was a smooth transfer of power that didn't lead to anarchy, he chose his handsome cousin, who was known as much for his charm as his military prowess. The former trait would serve Louis Mountbatten more than the latter, as he became the lord and the last viceroy of India, as he took over what his predecessor called, ‘Operation Madhouse’. <div type="image" title="Louis Mountbatten" msid="93508078" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Louis Mountbatten&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The new-age Buddha and Christ Elsewhere in another continent and another British colony, a young lawyer who was an utter failure in Bombay, landed in South Africa and to his own surprise found success. He profusely read Henry Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy and the Gujarati brain of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was working in wonderful ways. <div type="image" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi" msid="93508085" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> When the British government irked him by closing Transvaal borders to India, he led a movement of Thoreau’s civil disobedience with over 2,000 people that included women and children. He added his own twist – non-violence and he brought it back to India. Now called Gandhigiri, his principles continue to inspire generations across continents. The man who took a vow of poverty, had held on to his Ingersoll watch for years until it was stolen when he was travelling in a train. He was moved to tears as he told this story with child-like pain to Lord Mountbatten, but his loss was short-lived. The man who stole it, returned it and begged his forgiveness – which was given with a hug and a chuckle. Gandhigiri had taken over India at the time of Mountbatten’s arrival. Mountbatten knew that this man who Winston Churchill sneered at, ‘as a half-naked fakir’ was not to be taken lightly. After all, Gandhi had already sent back Sir Richard Cripps without a deal, refusing UK’s offer during the war to rule India as a British dominion. Goat curd and surgical precision Mountbatten called it Operation Seduction and while he forged a great friendship with Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi was another soul altogether. He insisted on eating his own goat curd at the Viceroy House, took prayer breaks and insisted that India should remain one – keep the baby alive instead of cutting it into two. Jinnah, however, was all vanity, which was deeply hurt when he received fewer seats during the 1937 provincial elections. He demanded a Muslim state. India would be divided with surgical precision, he promised Mountbatten. The King’s cousin, the book says, dealt with him like a sailor rather than a statesman but Mountbatten knew that he could not move the unmoved, and most of Congress were in favour of two nations. Rooms full of rubies and a pen pistol But it took India’s iron man, Vallabhai Patel, to keep the rest of India intact and convince over 500 rajas, princes, nawabs and nizams as they called themselves to shift their allegiance from the crown to the nation. Stronger than the unity statue built in his honour, Patel continued summing up a case for the jury even after he was handed a note saying that his wife passed away. <div type="image" title="The Statue Of Unity" msid="93508178" hostid="261" sizebytes="162276" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Statue Of Unity&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Patel and the career bureaucrat, V.P. Menon, executed their operation seduction to gain control over men who were already seduced by sex, sport and the worst of all maladies - boredom. Most of them amused themselves with Lancaster pistols made of solid gold, rubies the size of pigeon eggs and working train sets on silver rails. The Jeff Bezos of that time, known to be the world’s richest, was the Nizam of Hyderabad, who had rooms full of precious stones eaten away by rats as the miser spent nothing and resorted to smoking the leftover cigarette butts of his departed guests! Most of the eccentric rajas sided with India – even Hari Singh of Kashmir, who wanted to be independent, was worn down by logic that a landlocked state would forever remain in a state of war. But the young Maharaja of Jodhpur, certain that his lavish life wouldn’t be approved by the Congress socialists, tried to go over to Jinnah’s side. But Menon’s watchful spies got wind of it, cornered him, and the Maharaja held a pen-pistol to the bureaucrat's forehead until Mountbatten confiscated it – and used it later to liven parties back home. Cursed by the stars Mountbatten was warned by the most popular astrologist of the time that August 15, 1947 was a ‘day cursed by stars’. He, however, chose sentiment over astrology – the date was the anniversary of the day Burma won against Japan, a war he was part of. It wasn’t just the viceroy, even Nehru and Jinnah did not see the bloodbath that followed. What stopped them from seeing what was to come was their own tolerance and atheism. Communal passions ran so high and so deep that right after the Union Jack came off the Viceroy house, Punjab and Bengal fell into a riotous rage – something a wily Gandhi always knew. That’s why the 78-year-old spent the midnight far away from the celebrations, spinning and lamenting the night India became independent, 75 years back. Before we let you go, here's what we like you to know-Innovaccer's solutions have been transforming the healthcare industry their unique approach to data analytics. Sandeep Gupta Co-Founder and COO, Innovaccer details this scion's growth as they continue to make healthcare data accessible, useful and transformative. Register Now: <a href="https://saasscions.com/" target="_blank">https://saasscions.com/</a> <div type="image" title="Business Insider India brings you SaaS Scions" msid="93508208" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Business Insider India brings you SaaS Scions&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

SIMPLY PUT: What happened before India got Freedom at Midnight

<keyword id="6354495" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="kashmir">Kashmir</keyword> has been a political issue for the longest and as is with such politically charged situations, there are rumors abound. However, for a lot of us, the real timeline is either unknown or has become hazy over a period of time. So, here is a complete timeline of what has happened-bare facts of how the state of Jammu&amp;Kasmir has unraveled over the last seven decades. 
 
 
 
1947 – The British rule ended in India and the nation was divided into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Pakistan&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Pakistan</a>. 
 1947 – The Pakistan tribal army starts attacking the <keyword id="3744025" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmir-region">Kashmir region</keyword> and the Maharaja of Kashmir signs a treaty of accession with India. War breaks out between India and Pakistan over the region. 
 1948 – India raises <keyword id="64132" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmir-issue">Kashmir issue</keyword> in the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=UN+Security+Council&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">UN Security Council</a>, which in Resolution 47 calls for a referendum on the status of the territory. It aslo calls on Pakistan to withdraw its troops and India to cut its military presence to a minimum. A ceasefire comes into force, but Pakistan refuses to evacuate its troops. Kashmir is for practical purposes partitioned. 
 1951 – Elections are held in the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir back accession to India. India feels that this makes a referendum <keyword id="6355835" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="UN">un</keyword>necessary. The UN and Pakistan say a referendum needs to take into account the views of voters throughout the former princely state. 
 
 
 1953 - Pro-Indian authorities arrest and dismiss Prime Minister <keyword id="293003" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sheikh-Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</keyword>, leader of the governing <keyword id="43898" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Conference">National Conference</keyword>, as he takes a pro-referendum stance and delays formal accession to India. A new Jammu and Kashmir government ratifies accession to India. 
 
1957 - The constitution of Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir defines it as part of India. 
 
 
 1950s - China gradually occupies eastern Kashmir (<keyword id="71796" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aksai-Chin">Aksai Chin</keyword>). 
 1962 – a war starts between India and China and China defeats India in a short war for control of <keyword id="3978218" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="aksai-china">Aksai China</keyword>. 
 
1963 - Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakoram Tract of Kashmir to China. 
 
 
 
1965 - A small war between Indian and Pakistan over Kashmir starts and ends in a ceasefire and a return to the previous positions. 
 
1971-72 - Another Indo-Pakistan war ends in defeat for Pakistan and leads to the 1972 Simla Agreement.This turns the Kashmir ceasefire line into the Line of Control, pledges both sides to settle their differences through negotiations, and calls for a final settlement of the Kashmir dispute. The Agreement forms the basis of Pakistani-Indian relations thereafter. 
 
 
 
1974 - The Opposition Plebiscite Front in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir drops demand for a referendum in return for extensive autonomy in an agreement with the Indian government. Sheikh Abdullah becomes chief minister, and his political dynasty continues to dominate the National Conference and state after his death in 1982. 
 
 
 1984 - <keyword id="6354416" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Army">Indian Army</keyword> gains control over the Siachen Glacier, an area not demarcated by the Line of Control. Pakistan has been making frequent attempts to capture the area in the following decades. 
 1987 - Disputed state elections in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir give a thrust to a pro-independence insurgency centred around the Jammu and <keyword id="307591" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmir-Liberation-Front">Kashmir Liberation Front</keyword> (<keyword id="94546" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="JKLF">JKLF</keyword>). India also accuses Pakistan of fomenting the insurgency by despatching fighters across the Line of Control, which Pakistan denies. 
 
 
 
1990 - The insurgency escalates after the Indian Army kills about 100 demonstrators at Gawakadal Bridge. Attacks and threats lead to the flight of almost all Hindus from the Kashmir Valley area of the state. India imposes Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Jammu and Kashmir. 
 
1990s - The insurgency keeps on continuing, with Kashmiri militants training in Pakistan and India deploying hundreds of thousands of troops in Jammu and Kashmir. It’s the civilians that have been facing violence by both sides. 
 
1999 - India and Pakistan go to war again after militants cross from Pakistani-administered Kashmir into the Indian-administered Kargil district. India repulses the attack, accuses Pakistan of being behind it, and breaks off relations. 
 2001-2004 - Moves to boost relations between the two countries are punctuated by continuing violence, notably an attack on the parliament of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in <keyword id="41568" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Srinagar">Srinagar</keyword> in 2001. 
 
2010 - Major protests erupt in the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir over the summer after a demonstrator is killed by the Indian army. The protests abate in September after the government announce measures to ease tension. 
 2011 August - Chief Minister <keyword id="19464" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Omar-Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</keyword> announces an amnesty for the 1,200 young men who threw stones at security forces during the anti-government protests in the Kashmir Valley in 2010. Indian <keyword id="64385" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="State-Human-Rights-Commission">State Human Rights Commission</keyword> confirms presence of more than 2,000 unidentified bodies in unmarked graves near the Line of Control. Activists say many may be people who disappeared after being arrested by security forces. 
 
 
 2013 February - <keyword id="3978220" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmiri-jaish-e-mohammed">Kashmiri Jaish-e-Mohammed</keyword> member <keyword id="165584" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mohammad-Afzal-Guru">Mohammad Afzal Guru</keyword> hanged over role in 2001 Indian parliament terror attack, prompting protests in which two young men are killed. 
 
2013 September - Prime ministers of India and Pakistan meet and agree to try reduce the number of violent incidents at their disputed border in Kashmir. 
 
2014 August - India cancels talks with Pakistan after accusing it of interfering in India's internal affairs. The decision comes after Pakistan's High Commissioner in Delhi consulted Kashmiri separatist leaders in advance of the talks. 
 During a visit to the disputed border state of Jammu and Kashmir, India's Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> accuses Pakistan of waging a proxy war against India in Kashmir. 
 
2014 October - Pakistan and India exchange strongly-worded warnings, after a flare-up of violence across their common border leaves at least 18 people dead. 
 
 
 2015 March - India's ruling <keyword id="14666" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP">BJP</keyword> party is sworn into government in Indian-administered Kashmir for first time in coalition with local People's <keyword id="155982" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Democratic-Party">Democratic Party</keyword>, with the latter's <keyword id="427966" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mufti-Mohammad-Sayeed">Mufti Mohammad Sayeed</keyword> as chief minister. 
 
2015 September - Muslim separatist leaders in Indian-administered Kashmir close shops, businesses and government departments in protest at the enforcement of a colonial-era ban on eating beef. 
 
2015 November - One person dies in violent protests following a visit to Indian-administered Kashmir by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 
 
 
 2016 April - <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mehbooba-Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword>, the leader of the People's Democratic Party (<keyword id="42369" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PDP">PDP</keyword>), becomes the first female chief minister of Indian-administered Kashmir following the death of her father and party founder Mufti Mohammad Sayeed. 
 
 
 2016 July - Authorities impose an indefinite curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Kashmir after the killing of popular militant by security forces of <keyword id="2931728" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Burhan-Wani">Burhan Wani</keyword>, a popular militant and top commander of the <keyword id="50913" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hizbul-Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</keyword> group, sparks violent protests. 
 
 
 
2016 August - A curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Kashmir is lifted but schools, shops and most banks remain shut and mobile and internet services remain suspended. At least 68 civilians and two security officials have died and more than 9,000 people injured in over 50 days of violence according to official tallies. 
 
2016 September - India and Pakistan exchange a war of words after 18 Indian soldiers are killed in a raid by gunmen on URI base in Indian-administered Kashmir. 
 
2016 September - India says it has carried out "surgical strikes" against suspected militants along the de-facto border with Pakistan in Kashmir but Pakistan rejects the claims. 
 
 
 
Today: the area is still living under a tension. The civilians are still scared that either the militants or the army will cause them harm. The curfew has led to the loss of lives and business. The main source of income- tourism has been at halt since August. While the nations are still fighting over the land, the leaders have forgotten the fact that there are still people living in that heaven on earth. 
 
(image: IndiaTimes)

Kashmir: The Bare Facts of a region torn into pieces

The Festival of Light had come and gone, and we certainly hope you enjoyed your Diwali with lights and bangs. But now that it’s over, many of us are already busy on the Web, trying to chalk out some never-before holiday plans. Before you finalise destinations and dates, here’s a look at the most mesmerising train journeys across an incredible India that will keep you spellbound even before you reach the vacation spot. 
 Last month, we brought our readers a list of most <keyword id="1943444" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Scenic-train-rides">scenic train rides</keyword> through the mountains. And this time around, we take you on a <keyword id="6374782" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="journey">journey</keyword> through India’s heartland as the sweeping plains, emerald forests, golden deserts and hilly terrains chug past you at a relaxed pace. Whether you are travelling in 5-star cabins or a rickety carriage, nothing can beat the unique experience these rail rides offer to soak up the atmosphere, enjoy the views and be a part of the untravelled India you have never seen before. 
 
Image: Wikipedia

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