<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists have created a detailed map of the geology beneath Earth's southern hemisphere.</li><li> They believe an ancient ocean floor may be wrapped around our planet's mysterious core.</li></ul>There's a lot we still don't know about our planet's core, which lies about 1,800 miles beneath our feet.Now, a new study has revealed a discovery that could help researchers piece together its mysterious inner workings.The research suggests that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-inner-core-may-have-stopped-spinning-reversed-direction-study-2023-1">Earth's core</a> could be encased in an ancient ocean floor that features giant mountains five times the size of Mount Everest.Researchers made the discovery after creating the most detailed map yet of the geology beneath our planet's southern hemisphere.If confirmed, this "recycled" ocean floor would act almost like a "blanket" that keeps heat trapped inside the core, Samantha Hansen, study lead author and geological sciences professor of the University of Alabama, told Insider in an email.<h2>Earth is like a giant recycling plant</h2>Scientists have long been confused by the boundary between <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pieces-planet-theia-buried-in-earth-mantle-2021-4">the mantle</a> and the core.About 2,000 miles under the Earth's surface, conditions shift dramatically: temperatures shoot up drastically, and the rock composition changes abruptly from a solid bulk of rock in the mantle to gooey iron sludge inside the core. To understand more about this boundary, scientists have looked at <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-core-lopsided-growing-faster-on-one-side-2021-6">seismic waves</a> coming from earthquakes. As these waves spread from the epicenter of the quake through the inside of our planet, they provide information about the Earth's innards."Admittedly, to most people, seismic data is probably not that interesting to look at. It is a wiggly line that varies with time. But that wiggly line contains an amazing amount of information!" Hansen told Insider. <div type="image" title="Researchers are shown wearing heavy snow gear in an icy environment in Antartica. A plane is seen in the background, fitting with landing gear for snowy terrain. The reserachers are seen lowering a heavy orange box — containing seismic detectors —&#xa0;into a hole in the snow." height="768" width="1024" msid="103664591" hostid="261" sizebytes="48416"></div>Scientists had previously spotted areas of so-called ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZ) — areas where the seismic waves unexpectedly slow down — near the core-mantle boundary.But they had only found patches of this unknown structure.Hansen and her team headed to Antarctica to understand how far that ULVZ could go. They placed seismic equipment at 15 stations on the continent and collected data for three years.They found the ULVZ was much more widespread than previously thought. Indeed, it was present "over a significant portion of the southern hemisphere," suggesting this layer coats the entirety of the core, said Hansen.<h2>The layer may come from recycled bits of ancient ocean floor </h2>Hansen and her team used modeling to understand how this layer may have appeared.For them, the answer was clear: the layer was likely bits of ancient ocean floor, gobbled up over the ages from the surface as tectonic plates stretched and squished together. "As the results came together – both from the seismic work and the geodynamic models – it was quite exciting to see the similarities between them," she said. "Together, they make a compelling case for subducted oceanic materials being the main source of ULVZs," she said.Due to its composition, the ocean floor is a perfect candidate for this layer, Hansen said. It's very dense, which means it is heavy enough to sink through the mantle. It's also likely to become more heat resistant as it faces intense pressure deep inside the Earth. This could explain why the changes seen at the boundary between the core and the mantle are so stark."By having this additional layer blanketing the core, the heat won't be able to escape as easily/readily," Hansen said. It's quite important to understand how heat moves around and escapes the core. The core's temperature variations control "where we have mantle plumes," the pools of lava that create archipelagos like Hawaii, for instance, said Hansen. It also influences the Earth's magnetic field, she said.Before we can add this new layer to science books, more research will be needed to rule out other explanations.Some have suggested that the ULVZ could be due to another, completely unknown, material, generated by the unique chemical reactions that could be happening at the boundary. Others think the bizarre seismic data seen at the boundary is due to a specific state of melting we don't quite understand, said Hansen. Still, if Hansen's team is correct, this could provide a new chapter to the story of Earth's formation. "If ULVZs are associated with these subduction materials, they could help us get a better understanding of how the overall plate tectonics cycle works and how our planet has evolved through time," said Hansen. The findings were <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.add4838">published</a> in the peer-reviewed journal Science Advance in April.

Earth's mysterious core may be encased by an ancient ocean floor that has mountains 5 times taller than Everest

<keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> and <keyword id="6355882" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="israel" source="Orion">Israel</keyword> signed an agreement on Tuesday for development of dual use technologies in the <keyword id="32723" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="defence" source="Orion">defence</keyword> sector. India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (<keyword id="6355142" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="drdo" source="Orion">DRDO</keyword>) and Israel's Directorate of Defence Research and Development (DDR&amp;D), have entered into the agreement to promote innovation and accelerated research and development in start-ups and MSMEs of both countries for the advancement of dual use technologies, a statement said. The agreement was signed between DRDO Chairman, G Satheesh Reddy and DDR&amp;D head, Brig Gen Dr Daniel Gold (retd). The <keyword id="32733" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-defence" source="Orion">Indian Defence</keyword> Ministry said that it is a tangible demonstration of the growing Indo-Israeli technological cooperation. <div type="twitter" handle="DRDO_India" handlename="DRDO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1168402168660910080/HJRb8f25_normal.jpg" favoritecount="982" retweetcount="127" status="DRDO &amp; Directorate of Defence R&amp;D, Israel have entered into a #BilateralInnovationAgreement for development of dual… https://t.co/Ftp4NHbYjf" createdat="1636463410000" id="1458059340422602757"></div> Under the agreement, start-ups and industry of both countries will work together to bring out next generation technologies and products in the areas such as drones, robotics, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, photonics, biosensing, brain-machine interface, energy storage, wearable devices, natural language processing and others, it said in the statement. Products and technologies will be customised to meet unique requirements of both the countries. The development efforts will be jointly funded by the DRDO and the DDR&amp;D, it added. The technologies developed under bilateral innovation agreement will be available to both countries for their domestic applications and the development efforts will be jointly funded by the DRDO and the DDR&amp;D, the ministry said. To enhance bilateral defence cooperation between both the countries, formulation of a task force was announced last month, during the 15th joint working group meeting in Tel Aviv. The meeting was co-chaired by Indian Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar and the Director General of Israel's Defence Ministry, Maj Gen Amir Eshel (retd). The joint working group is the apex body of both countries' Defence Ministries to comprehensively review and guide all aspects of cooperation in this sector. The two sides had reviewed the progress made in military engagements including exercises and industry cooperation. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/apple-iphone-13s-woes-due-to-chip-shortage-may-continue-till-february-2022/articleshow/87604228.cms">Apple iPhone 13's woes due to chip shortage may continue till February 2022</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/lava-makes-a-comeback-with-the-agni-5g-becomes-the-first-indian-company-to-launch-a-5g-smartphone/slidelist/87603446.cms">Lava makes a comeback with the Agni 5G, becomes the first Indian company to launch a 5G smartphone</a>

India, Israel sign agreement for development of dual use technologies in defence

<ul><li>The Indian smartphone industry expects fewer or no increase in component duties for smartphones.</li><li>A 2.5 per cent customs duty on imports of electronics along with other factors led to an increase in smartphone prices.</li><li>For homegrown brands in particular, a separate budget to help bring more Indian smartphone brands is expected.</li></ul>In the 2021 Union Budget, a 2.5 per cent customs duty was imposed on the import of electronics. This was in line with the Indian government’s larger plan to boost local manufacturing of electronics. Higher duties on components would lead to smartphone companies relying on local production in the country. But this also led to an increase in smartphone prices along with other factors such as the ongoing global chip shortage. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget" data-type="tilCustomLink">Union Budget 2022</a> will be announced on February 1 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharam, and this year fewer or no increases in component duties are expected from the smartphone industry. According to Hari Om Rai, chairman and managing director of phone maker Lava International, there are two major demands from the industry. One is to not impose any “further increase in component duties in this budget as it impacts our global competitiveness.” The other demand is to create a separate budget for homegrown brands. “We are looking at creating economies of scale to create global competitiveness, [and] value-addition will follow,” Rai said. Lava is among the few Indian smartphone brands that still operate and launch products. Other brands like Intex Technologies and Karbonn Mobiles shut shop primarily due to the influx of Chinese brands in the country. Lava launched its first 5G smartphone ‘Agni 5G’ in India last November. Another Indian smartphone brand still floating is Micromax, which made a comeback last year with new smartphones and wireless earbuds as well. But the majority of the Indian smartphone market is occupied by Chinese brands including Xiaomi, Vivo, Realme and Oppo, according to quarterly data from Counterpoint Research. The reason is aggressive pricing and high-specced devices. <div type="image" title="nft - 2022-01-31T192425.461" msid="89251597" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Indian smartphone market share in 2021.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> An example of this is Bengaluru-based <a href="https://www.vccircle.com/sachin-tendulkar-backed-smartron-gets-up-to-200-mn-gem-group-s-commitment">Smartron</a>, a tech brand backed by Sachin Tendulkar that silently exited the smartphone market in India. It launched budget smartphones under ₹10,000, and it also launched tablets under its product portfolio. The brand is now focusing on expanding its smart home segment with its IoT ecosystem ‘tronX’. Another homegrown and Bengaluru-based startup Creo that tried its luck not only in smartphones but a custom OS as well. Founded by former Hike employees, Creo had launched the <a href="https://www.techradar.com/in/news/hike-acquires-creo-the-makers-of-os-centric-mark-1-smartphone">Mark 1 smartphone</a> that ran on Android-based Fuel OS. The company soon decided to end production of the device and focus on Fuel OS. According to Upasana Joshi, research manager, client devices at IDC India, Indian smartphone brands “continue to struggle in comparison to global or Chinese players owing to the large scale of business and acceptability in the market.” One way of helping bring up more Indian smartphone brands would be a separate budget to build “National Champions” according to Rai. “To acquire strategic skills and become global Indian champions have a remarkable potential to create national wealth and become beacons of economic progress for India's long term technological and financial independence. It is highly imperative to develop and bolster Indian champions to bring strategic skills and technology and augment GDP, employment, and foreign exchange,” Rai said. Another expectation is “huge investments to match production, marketing and operational spends in a consolidated smartphone market like India,” according to Joshi. For the smartphone industry in general, <keyword id="10547300" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget-2022" source="Orion">Budget 2022</keyword> is expected to continue the “push for establishing component factories and making them available locally, along with fewer exemptions,” Joshi added. But we may continue to see smartphone prices increasing even in 2022. “IDC expects ASPs (average selling price) for smartphones to only rise further and peak annually,” Joshi said. Regardless, as per research firm Counterpoint, India's smartphone market revenue crossed $38 billion in 2021 with 27 per cent (on-year) growth, as shipments grew 11 per cent to reach 169 million units. It would be interesting to see how the upcoming budget will aid the existing Indian manufacturers to bolster their share to survive, unlike their counterparts that had to quit the business. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/budget-2022-expectation-why-india-needs-an-urban-mgnrega/articleshow/89199969.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Budget 2022 expectation: Why India needs an urban MGNREGA</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/union-defence-budget-2022-submarines-drones-warships-and-aircraft-carriers/articleshow/88989045.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">This year’s defence budget may focus on building submarines, drones, warships and aircraft carriers</a>

India Budget 2022 expectations: Fewer or no increase in component duties for smartphones

The death of six cheetahs, including three newborn cubs, within a period of two and half months at Madhya Pradesh's Kuno National Park (<keyword id="1490338" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="knp" source="Orion">KNP</keyword>) has prompted the National Tiger Conservation Authority (<keyword id="49703" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ntca" source="Orion">NTCA</keyword>) to form a high-level screening committee for the Centre's ambitious 'Project <keyword id="54781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cheetah" source="Orion">Cheetah</keyword>'. The NTCA - the nodal agency of the project - on Thursday formed a screening committee comprising of 11 members, headed by Dr. Rajesh Gopal, Secretary General of Global Tiger Forum and R. N. Mehrotra, former Principal Chief Conservator of Forest of Rajasthan. The other nine members in the screening committee include P.R. Sinha, former Director of the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), H.S. Negi, former APCCF, Wildlife, and P.K Malik, former facility of the WII. Negi and Malik are also the members of the NTCA. G.S Rawat, former Dean of the WII, Mittal Patel, an Ahmedabad-based social worker, Qamar Qureshi, WII scientist and Inspector General of NTCA, Shubhoranjan Sen a wildlife expert and the MP's Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Wildlife, and Chief Wildlife Warden are the other members. The committee, tasked to review the progress of cheetahs brought from Namibia and South Africa, will "be in-force for a period of two years and will hold at least one meeting every month, besides taking field visits as and when required. The committee will also take decision on opening cheetah habitat for ecotourism and will suggest regulations in this regard. The Committee will also empowered to invite wildlife experts for consultation," the NTCA said in a notification issued hours after two more cubs of Namibian cheetah Jwala died on Thursday. Four cheetah cubs were born in India to the translocated wild cats after a gap of seven decades, after the fastest moving animal on earth was officially declared extinct in the country, but three have died now while the health of remaining one has also deteriorated. According to the MP Forest Department sources, the day (May 23) the youngest and weakest among the four siblings died, was the hottest day of this summer season, when the maximum temperature was recorded in the range of 46-47 degree Celsius. A team which was continuously monitoring Namibian female Siyaya/Jwala (which was on supplement food during day time) and three surviving cubs, found that the condition of the three cubs wasn't normal. The three cubs were rescued and put under dedicated treatment of vets, but despite all efforts two of the three surviving cubs couldn't be saved. "The lone surviving cub too is stated critical and under round-the-clock intensive medical care at the park's hospital, where its condition is being stabilised. While the only surviving cub is being treated by vets at KNP hospital in consultation with Namibian and South African experts, its mother cheetah is stated to be healthy, but is under continuous monitoring," a Forest Department statement said. The cheetah cubs, which were around eight weeks old, were weak and also dehydrated (perhaps due to extreme heat wave conditions). The mother cheetah, which was a hand reared cheetah from Namibia, had conceived for the first time. The cubs had started walking with their mother since the last 8-10 days only. On March 27, adult female Namibian cheetah Sasha had succumbed to severe renal infections, on April 23, male South African cheetah Uday died due to cardiopulmonary failure, and 16 days later, South African female cheetah Daksha died reportedly due to injuries sustained during violent mating by male coalition Vayu and Agni. Eventually, the present cheetah count at the KNP now stands at 18, including one cub, which battles for life at the hospital. Out of 17 adults, seven are Namibians and 10 South African. As part of the Narendra Modi government's ambitious project of reintroducing cheetahs in Indian wilds, seven decades after they went officially extinct in the same land due to rampant hunting, the first set of 8 Namibian cheetahs were flown from Namibia to India on the PM's 72nd birthday on September 17, 2022. The same day, the PM released them at KNP in MP's Sheopur district. Five months later, on February 18, 12 South African cheetahs were released into the KNP. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/simple-one-electric-scooter-launched-with-212-km-range-check-out-price-specifications-and-other-details/articleshow/100449367.cms">Simple One electric scooter launched with 212 km range: Check out price, specifications and other details</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/battlegrounds-mobile-india-to-return-soon-company-receives-permission-from-government/articleshow/100346259.cms">Battlegrounds Mobile India is relaunching soon, but government says final call only after a 3-month trial</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/2000-note-withdrawal-how-to-exchange-notes-is-it-a-legal-tender-and-other-questions-answered/articleshow/100412941.cms">₹2,000 note withdrawal – How to exchange them, is it a legal tender and other questions answered</a>

High-power committee to monitor project after 6 cheetah deaths at Kuno

<keyword id="6354576" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="facebook" source="Orion">Facebook</keyword>'s parent company <keyword id="399907" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="meta" source="Orion">Meta</keyword> has announced that it will remove <keyword id="12503041" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sensitive-Ads" source="Orion">sensitive ads</keyword> targeting options related to health, race or ethnicity, political affiliation, religion or sexual orientation starting January 19, 2022. It is important to note that the interest targeting options being removed is not based on people's physical characteristics or personal attributes, but instead on things like people's interactions with content on the platform. "Starting January 19, 2022 we will remove Detailed Targeting options that relate to topics people may perceive as sensitive, such as options referencing causes, organisations, or public figures that relate to health, race or ethnicity, political affiliation, religion, or sexual orientation," the company said in a statement. According to the company, it has heard concerns from experts that targeting options like these could be used in ways that lead to negative experiences for people in underrepresented groups. "Some of our advertising partners have expressed concerns about these targeting options going away because of their ability to help generate positive societal change, while others understand the decision to remove them," the firm added. Meta earlier this month said that it removed over 30 million pieces of content in September on Facebook and <keyword id="819905" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="instagram" source="Orion">Instagram</keyword> in India, as it faces intense security over user data privacy. The social network acted upon 26.9 million pieces of content across 10 policies for Facebook and over 3.2 million pieces of content across 9 policies for Instagram in compliance with the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, the company said in its monthly report. "This report will contain details of the content that we have removed proactively using our automated tools and details of user complaints received and action taken," a Meta spokesperson said in a statement. "In accordance with the IT Rules, we have published our fourth monthly compliance report for the period for 30 days (01 September to 30 September)," the spokesperson added. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/apple-iphone-13s-woes-due-to-chip-shortage-may-continue-till-february-2022/articleshow/87604228.cms">Apple iPhone 13's woes due to chip shortage may continue till February 2022</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/lava-makes-a-comeback-with-the-agni-5g-becomes-the-first-indian-company-to-launch-a-5g-smartphone/slidelist/87603446.cms">Lava makes a comeback with the Agni 5G, becomes the first Indian company to launch a 5G smartphone</a>

Facebook, Instagram to delete 'sensitive' ads targeting options related to race, religion or political affiliation

<ul><li>Leaked render images show a large camera bump in the <keyword id="11214893" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oneplus-10-pro" source="Orion">OnePlus 10 Pro</keyword>.</li><li>If the images are to be believed, the phone will feature a triple-camera set-up.</li><li>The phone is expected to be launched in the first half of 2022.</li></ul>A new leak has revealed the design of the <keyword id="2210217" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oneplus" source="Orion">OnePlus</keyword> 10 Pro, the company’s unreleased flagship phone that is expected to release next year. The leaked images of the camera bump were shared by well-known leakster Steve H.McFly on Twitter in collaboration with <a href="https://zouton.com/news/oneplus-10-pro-leak-price-specs-renders-designs-new-edition-exclusive">Zouton US</a>. <div type="twitter" handle="OnLeaks" handlename="Steve H.McFly" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1366342831363809281/JORvf6_U_normal.jpg" favoritecount="419" retweetcount="47" status="Sooo... I'm back from the Future again, this time with the very first and early look at the #OnePlus10Pro in form o… https://t.co/gQxuEX4Wzc" createdat="1636485746000" id="1458153024279482374"></div> The photo shows a triple-camera set-up housed at the top-left of the back with a unique bump that extends into the side of the phone, similar to the Samsung Galaxy S21. The photo is claimed to be based on a real life image of an early prototype, however; it was probably converted into a render to prevent sharing any additional details that may land the leakster into trouble. If the render images come true, we will see the reduction of one camera in the upcoming flagship device from its predecessor <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/comparison-between-oneplus-9-vs-oneplus-9-pro-mobiles/slidelist/81664642.cms">OnePlus 9 Pro</a> that had a quad-camera set-up. This could be the 2MP monochrome sensor. While this is an early buzz about OnePlus’s upcoming smartphone, the Zouton post gives some insights into what we can expect in terms of specifications. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Expected specifications of OnePlus 10 Pro" comment="subhead" text="Expected specifications of OnePlus 10 Pro">Expected specifications of OnePlus 10 Pro</cmsannotation> The phone is expected to sport a 6.7-inch fluid AMOLED display with 120Hz refresh rate while packing a slightly larger 5,000mAh battery. In terms of storage, it could have the 128GB and 256GB options along with 8GB and 12GB RAM, respectively. It is speculated to retail at around $1,069 (approx. ₹80,000) in the US market. While these are just speculations, the company is yet to announce them officially. Some of them may vary at the time of launch. However, OnePlus has announced that the upcoming smartphones from the company will do away with the OxygenOS software and feature a new software that is a merger between Oppo’s ColorOS and OxygenOS. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/apple-iphone-13s-woes-due-to-chip-shortage-may-continue-till-february-2022/articleshow/87604228.cms">Apple iPhone 13's woes due to chip shortage may continue till February 2022</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/lava-makes-a-comeback-with-the-agni-5g-becomes-the-first-indian-company-to-launch-a-5g-smartphone/slidelist/87603446.cms">Lava makes a comeback with the Agni 5G, becomes the first Indian company to launch a 5G smartphone</a>

Leaked images reveal first look of OnePlus 10 Pro’s large camera bump

Best neckband headphones in India

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>BJ Penn was banned from the UFC by Dana White after footage emerged of the 40-year-old in a street fight in Hawaii.</li><li>"He won't fight again, that's it," <a href="https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/27541521/white-no-more-ufc-penn-street-fights">White told ESPN</a>. "That's a wrap."</li><li>Two videos released by TMZ last week showed Penn first being knocked to the ground by a topless man, before pinning him to the ground and punching him in the head several times.</li><li>The videos were just two of a spate of recent takes leaked by TMZ showing the UFC fighter involved in violence outside of the Octagon. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>Dana White has banned BJ Penn from the UFC after footage emerged of him in a street fight in Hawai'i. TMZ released two videos last week of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bj-penn-in-pub-brawl-weeks-after-mcgregor-footage-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">40-year-old fighting outside a bar in Pahoa</a>, one of which he can be seen punching a man in the head several times while pinning him to the ground.Penn (16-14-2) was being touted to fight Nik Lentz later this year in what would have been his 29th fight inside the Octagon, but White says those plans have now been canceled. "He won't fight again, that's it," <a href="https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/27541521/white-no-more-ufc-penn-street-fights">White told ESPN</a>. "That's a wrap. It's not even that this was the last straw. I didn't love him continuing to fight anyway, but with the relationship that he and I have - he gets me on the phone, begging me for another fight. It's hard to turn him down."After what I saw in that video, BJ needs to, you know, he needs to focus on his personal life before he thinks about fighting."Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/conor-mcgregor-proper-twelve-whiskey-down-the-toilet-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">An enraged pub owner filmed himself pouring Conor McGregor's whiskey down the toilet, saying McGregor is 'not a true representative of the Irish people'</a>The alleged incident is reported to have occurred at the Lava Shack bar, with a <a href="https://www.tmz.com/2019/08/28/bj-penn-bar-fight-hawaii-video/">close friend of Penn's telling TMZ</a> a man was "following [Penn] around and trying to bait him into a fight."In one of the released videos, Penn can be seen being punched to the ground by a topless man after an exchange of words. In the other, apparently recorded after the first, he is seen wrestling the same man to the floor before repeatedly punching him in the head.The videos of Penn fighting were just two in a spate of recent tapes released by TMZ showing UFC stars involved in violence outside of the cage.Last month, TMZ released CCTV footage of Conor McGregor <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-conor-mcgregor-punch-whiskey-proper-twelve-2019-8">appearing to punch an older man in the face</a> in a Dublin pub - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/conor-mcgregor-apologetic-over-pub-incident-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">an incident the Irish fighter has since apologised</a>.And only days ago, a video also emerged of another ex-UFC fighter, Melvin Guillard, <a href="https://www.tmz.com/2019/09/03/melvin-guillard-knockout-punch-video-denver-ufc-bkfc/">knocking a man out while working as a bouncer</a> at a bar in Denver, Colorado. Read more:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/conor-mcgregors-whiskey-is-a-gimmick-new-review-says-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">Conor McGregor's Proper No. Twelve brand is a 'gimmick' that tastes like medicine, according to a scathing YouTube whiskey reviewer</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ufc-star-paige-vanzant-says-instagram-more-profitable-than-fighting-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">UFC star Paige VanZant said she makes more money from Instagram than she does in the Octagon, and fighters deserve to be paid more</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/khabib-nurmagomedov-would-fight-conor-mcgregor-away-from-ufc-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">Khabib Nurmagomedov said he'd fight Conor McGregor if he ever ran into him because he's not afraid of going to jail</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ufc-fighter-tony-ferguson-says-conor-mcgregor-is-irrelevant-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">Yet another elite UFC fighter is calling Conor McGregor 'irrelevant'</a>

Dana White banned BJ Penn from fighting in the UFC after recent footage showed him getting in a street fight

<ul class="summary-list"><li>We scoured online listicles, Yelp, and Tripadvisor reviews and asked locals and foodies what the most popular and well-liked places are to get doughnuts in every state.</li><li>Many mom-and-pop shops just know how to make good classic doughnuts, while others are newer artisan shops that have more fun and decorative doughnuts that are equally delicious.</li><li>While Dunkin' Donuts is pretty great, it did not make this list.</li></ul>From old-fashioned glazed to gourmet eats, here are each state's favorite doughnuts.1. Alabama - The Heavenly <keyword id="961729" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Donut">Donut</keyword> Co.The Heavenly Donut Co. in Birmingham has a large variety of <keyword id="608823" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="doughnut">doughnut</keyword>s, but one of the favorites is the Reese's Doughnut.2. Alaska - Jason's DonutsPeople wait in long lines for hot, fresh doughnuts from Jason's Donuts in Fairbanks.3. Arizona - BoSa DonutsBoSa Donuts is a locally owned chain with over 20 locations in Arizona. With over 50 doughnut options, customers have a hard time getting just one.4. Arkansas - Mark's Do-Nut ShopThere's always a line at Mark's Do-Nut Shop in North Little Rock. Its doughnuts are sweet, but not too sweet. Popular flavors are the cinnamon twist and coconut.5. California - Primo's DonutsPrimo's Donuts makes amazing glazed doughnuts, but is known for its buttermilk bar. It's glazed while hot and served fresh. Yum!6. Colorado - Amy's DonutsYou've got to stop by Amy's Donuts in Colorado Springs for its sweet and savory doughnuts. It specializes in fun doughnuts such as the Cookie Monster and Elvis.7. Connecticut - Neil's DonutsNeil's Donuts is a no-frills bakery that makes melt-in-your-mouth doughnuts. One of its showstoppers is the giant cinnamon rolls.8. Delaware - Duck DonutsDuck Donuts is known for its customizable and made-to-order doughnuts. You can build your own doughnut by choosing the icing, topping, and drizzle. Its Newark location is popular among University of Delaware students.9. Florida - The Salty DonutThe Salty Donut makes mouthwatering and delicious artisan doughnuts. The most famous flavors are the Croughnut and the White Chocolate Tres Leches.10. Georgia - Sublime DoughnutsSublime Doughnuts prides itself on using fresh ingredients and fun, whimsical recipes. It has a secret-menu chicken and waffles doughnut, and its most popular doughnut is the fresh strawberries and cream.11. Hawaii - Kamehameha BakeryKamehameha Bakery specialized in poi-glazed doughnuts and malasadas. Malasadas are Portuguese doughnuts that have become a Hawaiian staple. The purple color comes from poi, which is made from the underground stem of taro.12. Idaho - Guru DonutsGuru Donuts is a local favorite in Boise. It has constantly changing selections of flavors like Peanut Butter Jelly Time and Girl Scout.13. Illinois - Firecakes DonutsThe fan favorite at Firecakes Donuts is the doughnut ice cream sandwich, but the must-have is the birthday cake doughnut. Two large yeast doughnuts are glazed and stacked, then loaded with rainbow sprinkles. It has limited availability, so preordering is recommended.14. Indiana - Long's BakeryLong's Bakery is an Indianapolis institution. Its best seller is the perfectly glazed yeast doughnut.15. Iowa - Mahalo's CoffeeMahalo's Coffee makes mini doughnuts that are delicious and fun to eat. The most popular donut is Cinnamon Lava: mini doughnuts are glazed with vanilla and caramel and dusted with cinnamon sugar.16. Kansas - Hana's DonutsHana's Donuts has the best assortment of doughnuts in Kansas City. You can't go wrong with the Boston cream and the Oreo doughnuts.17. Kentucky - Nord's BakeryPeople love Nord's Bakery and its doughnuts in Louisville. The maple bacon doughnut is so popular, it often sells out fast.18. Louisiana - Café du MondeWhile not necessarily a doughnut, locals and tourists love beignets in Louisiana. And the most famous place to get them is at Café du Monde in the French Quarter. In fact, it's the only <keyword id="6181" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Food">food</keyword> on the menu.19. Maine - The Holy DonutThe Holy Donut adds a special ingredient to its doughnuts: Maine potatoes. The riced potatoes add a rich texture you can't find anywhere else. The crowd pleasers are the Chocolate Sea Salt and the Vegan Pomegranate.20. Maryland - Krumpe's Do-NutsKrumpe's Do-Nuts hits the late-night sweets cravings, especially since its shop hours are from 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. But the doughnuts are always made fresh, and they're light and fluffy when you get them hot.21. Massachusetts - Union Square DonutsUnion Square Donuts is a trendy spot for locals and tourists in Somerville. Doughnut flavors change regularly so you'll never get bored. In the fall, the best seller is the pumpkin spice latte glazed.22. Michigan - New Palace BakeryPaczki is a traditional Polish jelly-filled doughnut popular in Michigan due to the large Polish population. And one of the best places to get one is New Palace Bakery.23. Minnesota - Bogart's Doughnut Co.Bogart's Doughnut Co. is known for its brioche doughnuts and soft serve. Get the Nutella-filled doughnut for chocolate overload.24. Mississippi - Tatonut Donut ShopTatonut Donut Shop in Ocean Springs uses potato flour to make its doughnuts lighter and fluffier. The standout is the Persian, which is like a cinnamon roll, but in doughnut form.25. Missouri - LaMar's DonutsThe first LaMar's Donuts opened in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1960. Since then, it's expanded to 25 stores in five states. With more than 70 rotating flavors plus doughnut holes, it's impossible to pick just one doughnut to try.26. Montana - Granny's Gourmet DonutsGranny's Gourmet Donuts is an old-school doughnut shop, but people drive from all over to get its sweet treats. Just remember to bring cash and a hearty appetite.27. Nebraska - Olsen Bake ShopIf you are looking for fresh and delicious doughnuts in Omaha, look no further than Olsen Bake Shop. The maple-glazed, creme-filled doughnut and glazed croissants are classics.28. Nevada - Pinkbox DoughnutsPinkbox Doughnuts offers fun and creative doughnuts like the Pooh Doughnut. Don't worry, it's chocolate cake topped with chocolate mousse and chocolate frosting. It also has a pink version.29. New Hampshire - Donut LoveDonut Love in North Hampton is a family-owned doughnut shop that makes its potato-based doughnuts by hand. Its doughnuts are dense and moist and known to sometimes sell out early.30. New Jersey - Broad Street Dough Co. If you've got a sweet tooth, you'll love Broad Street Dough Co. Its doughnuts are hand dipped and made to order. But the crowd pleaser is the Cookie Monster, a blue doughnut dipped in vanilla and topped with crushed Oreo, cookie dough, chocolate, and vanilla drizzle.31. New Mexico - Rebel Donut Rebel Donut is woman-owned donut shop with two locations in Albuquerque. All of its doughnuts are hand cut, hand dipped, and hand decorated. Its most popular doughnut is the Blue Sky doughnut, which was specially created for an actor from "Breaking Bad," which was filmed in Albuquerque.32. New York - AlimamaAlimama makes the best mochi doughnuts in New York City. The texture is wonderfully chewy and irresistible. The most popular flavors are the brûlée mochi doughnut and cereal mochi doughnut.33. North Carolina - Hole DoughnutsWhile Krispy Kreme was founded in North Carolina, we chose Hole Doughnuts for its perfectly imperfect doughnuts. They're made from the freshest ingredients, which results in the best doughnut ever.34. North Dakota - Sandy's Donuts Sandy's Donuts makes over 75 kinds of doughnuts each day, but its most popular is the classic glazed, while the most unique ones are the Unicorn and the Death by Chocolate doughnut.35. Ohio - Holtman's DonutsHoltman's has some of the best doughnuts in Cincinnati. It makes hundreds of doughnuts a day from scratch.36. Oklahoma - Polar DonutsPolar Donuts offers friendly service and first-class doughnuts. Its customers loves its cereal-covered doughnuts and fritters.37. Oregon - Blue Star DonutsBlue Star Donuts uses a special homemade French brioche recipe to make its gourmet doughnuts. Its doughnuts, glazes, and fillings are made fresh throughout the day, making it a must-visit in Oregon.38. Pennsylvania - Beiler's BakeryBeiler's Bakery in Philadelphia makes 60 different types of doughnuts and up to 6,000 doughnuts a day. Another fan favorite is the Beiler's sticky buns.39. Rhode Island - PVDonutsYou can find the best artisan doughnuts in Providence at PVDonuts. It offers extravagant and colorful brioche doughnuts as well as classics like crullers. The most popular doughnut is the Dunkaroos doughnut.40. South Carolina - Glazed Gourmet Doughnuts Glazed Gourmet Doughnuts in Charleston offers unique and fun flavors like banana pudding and Funfetti, which go perfectly with a cup of coffee. Its most popular doughnut is the Purple Goat, which has a homemade berry jam goat cheese filling with a lavender infused glaze.41. South Dakota - Jerry's Cakes and DonutsJerry's Cakes and Donuts is a local family-owned bakery that serves mouthwatering sour cream cake doughnuts and fritters.42. Tennessee - Gibson's DonutsGibson's Donuts is open 24/7 so regulars can get doughnuts for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.43. Texas - Round Rock DonutsRound Rock Donuts is world-known for its yellow-colored glazed doughnuts. But the accolades have to go to its giant doughnut, which is the size of 12 regular doughnuts. It's true when they say "Everything's bigger in Texas."44. Utah - Fresh Donuts &amp; DeliFresh Donuts &amp; Deli is a mom-and-pop shop that has perfected its classics. The glazed yeast doughnut is wonderfully light and fluffy, and other must-haves are the apple fritter and maple bar.45. Vermont - Cold Hollow Cider MillCider and cider doughnuts are staples at Cold Hollow Cider Mill. But the specialty is the Dreamee, a maple creemee between a cider doughnut.46. Virginia - Sugar Shack Donuts &amp; CoffeeSugar Shack Donuts &amp; Coffee has a bunch of yeast and cake varieties that can fulfill your sweet-tooth cravings.47. Washington - Top Pot Doughnuts Don't miss out on Top Pot Doughnuts in Seattle. It has classic, fancy, and seasonal doughnuts that all doughnut lovers can appreciate.48. West Virginia - Peace, Love and Little DonutsAt Peace, Love and Little Donuts, the doughnuts are made to order and customizable with your choice of icing and toppings. Adults and kids alike love the fun atmosphere and novelty doughnuts.49. Wisconsin - Greenbush BakeryGreenbush Bakery makes some out-of-this-world old fashioneds. The showstopper is the giant apple fritters. They're about the size of a dinner plate and weigh about a pound.50. Wyoming - Cowboy DonutsCowboy Donuts offers a variety of classic doughnuts and pastries. The doughnuts with sprinkles are the best.50.1 Washington D.C. - Astro Doughnuts &amp; Fried ChickenA favorite at Astro Doughnuts &amp; Fried Chicken is the crème brûlée doughnut, which is blowtorched to give it its crackling top.50.2 Puerto Rico - Kudough's Donuts &amp; Coffee BarKudough's Donuts &amp; Coffee Bar makes one-of-a-kind creative doughnuts in San Juan.What foods do you think we should cover next? Let us know in the comments below.

The best doughnuts in every state in the US

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://pictures.reuters.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZ3QNHTEH&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1558&amp;RH=904#/SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZ3QNHTEH&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1558&amp;RH=904&amp;POPUPPN=2&amp;POPUPIID=2C0408TUWV6QO">Reuters</a></div></div></div>SpaceX recently announced plans to send a rocket to Mars as soon as 2018, and to get people there by the 2030s. The agency, owned by Elon Musk, is inching toward these goals as they continue to <a href="http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/launch-schedule/" target="_blank">test their reusable Falcon 9 rocket</a> - landing it on progressively more difficult targets from land to sea.The launches are incredibly exciting: My heart races every time I watch the rocket liftoff and beats even harder when I watch one touch back down. Understandably, the entire SpaceX team and Elon Musk are similarly filled with anticipation. But what does all this excitement mean for all of us regular people?Will future generations one day walk around in Habs like Matt Damon did in "The Martian"?The answer is: Maybe. And there's a place on Earth where we can imagine what it would be like. It's the <a href="http://hi-seas.org/" target="_blank">Hawaii Space Exploration Analog Simulation (HI-SEAS)</a> in Mauna Loa, Hawaii. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0uvHTAheqQ">YouTube/HI-SEAS Media</a></div></div></div>There sits a 1,200-square-foot dome, a Martian base camp model. Looking at it, it's hard not to imagine yourself on the Red Planet, with an endless view of red rock, lava tubes, and no greenery. Intrepid reporter Kelly Dickerson <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/mars-colony-volcano-hawaii-hi-seas-2016-1">visited the site for Tech Insider</a> in January.Six people currently live in the simulation. Their plan is to stay for a year, and they're currently in their ninth month. Dr. Sheyna E. Gifford, one of the six participants in the simulation, keeps a record of her adventures and experiences in the simulation on a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheyna-e-gifford-md-ma-ms/" target="_blank">blog</a> on Huffington Post - I'm an avid reader. She has charted her experience with <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheyna-e-gifford-md-ma-ms/dreaming-of-blue-water-and-mars_b_8508042.html" target="_blank">low water levels</a>, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheyna-e-gifford-md-ma-ms/earth-day-on-mars_b_9761452.html" target="_blank">taking 2-minute showers once a week</a>, and even <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheyna-e-gifford-md-ma-ms/a-window-into-mars_b_8188066.html" target="_blank">living near open-ended lave tube networks</a>, a geological feature Earth and Mars have in common. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kelly Dickerson/Business Insider</div></div></div>Along with the other participants, Gifford is experiencing life completely separated from the things on Earth you and I take for granted. In their HI-SEAS environment, all of the following conditions are met 24/7:<h2>Energy:</h2>The sun is the primary source of energy. The 10 kW solar panels charge the battery banks during the day. This means that high energy conservation would be required to survive a cloudy day. There are also two hydrogen fuel cell generators as back-up energy, programmed to kick in incase the battery levels reduce below 10%.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kelly Dickerson/Business Insider</div></div></div><h2>Communication:</h2>Depending on where the planets are in their orbit, Mars and Earth can be up to 249 million miles apart. Therefore, to recreate an accurate communication experience, there is only limited internet access, with a 20-minute delay in outgoing email, and 40-minute delay for receiving information.There's also a team of about 40 volunteers from around the world that engages in one-way communication with the crew 24/7. In addition to reviewing daily reports from the dome, they are equipped to assist with troubleshooting and also emergency medical assistance that can be sent from Hilo, a short drive away from the dome. The latter, I presume, would not be available on Mars.<h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/mail_collector/17283739472/">mail_collector/flickr</a></div></div></div></h2><h2>Water:</h2>We have evidence that frozen water melts during warmer months and <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars" target="_blank">intermittently flows on the surface of Mars</a>. But it is definitely not as abundant as it is on our home planet. So, a total of 1,000 gallons is provided for a total of 6 people every two weeks for cooking, cleaning, drinking and showering. The toilets do not flush and inhabitants of the dome do laundry once a month. The tanks are re-filled every 4-5 weeks.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kelly Dickerson/Business Insider</div></div></div>If all of these changes in lifestyle, in addition to being cooped up with a group of people for extended periods of time on a planet with a hostile environment, sound like an adventure to you, a HI-SEAS experience might be a good practice session.Still, it's tough to make the cut: Martha Lenio, who was part of an 8-month long simulation at the base, told <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/mars-colony-volcano-hawaii-hi-seas-2016-1" target="_blank">Tech Insider</a> that they use a rigorous selection process, including passing tests of high fitness and pitching quality scientific research, to pick their members.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kelly Dickerson/Business Insider</div></div></div>Until I make the cut, I'll keep reading Dr. Gifford's blog. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-monumental-rocket-landing-new-footage-space-falcon-2016-1">Watch never-before-seen footage of SpaceX's monumental rocket landing</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="w2MTg1MDE69naQw3DjCVQfJF-48DcVye" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Elon Musk wants people to live on Mars by 2030 - and this isolated Hawaiian base camp is the closest we've come to that vision yet

Thomson ReutersWe might be able to change the Earth's temperature by modifying the skies, but should we?One way to prevent the Earth's temperature from rising into a city-drowning, hurricane-strengthening, heat-stroke-triggering danger zone is to immediately switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.At the moment, that transition seems unlikely. So scientists and tech innovators are also investigating various forms of geoengineering - an approach that involves transforming the Earth's clouds and skies in ways that help cool the planet or suck carbon out of the atmosphere.That idea, however, is extremely controversial. Some researchers believe such work could be a necessary part of the fight against climate change, but others argue that meddling with the planet exposes the world to a host of new risks. Plus, there's a growing fear that a rogue actor trying to achieve something "good" could attempt one of these globe-altering projects and spark a devastating international conflict.Two new papers published July 20 in the journal Science investigate two of the most well-studied geoengineering strategies: <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aan3325">cirrus cloud modification</a> and <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aan3317">injecting sulfur into the atmosphere</a>.The authors of the papers make clear that these approaches are very risky and far from viability - so much so, in fact, that most researchers hope they never become necessary. But the papers also lay out the reasons why these strategies might work and are worth studying. <h2>Recreating a volcanic eruption</h2>If we delay aggressively cutting greenhouse gas emissions until 2040, authors Ulrike Niemeier and Simone Tilmes <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aan3317">write in Science</a>, the global temperature is projected to rise more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. That is an increase that most scientists agree would create dramatic, irreversible consequences for human civilization and the planet.The authors pick that as the point at which drastic intervention might be needed in order to stave off disaster. One option in that case would be to mimic a volcanic eruption.When a volcano erupts, it spews forth lava, gas, and smoke, filling the skies with sulfur. Those clouds of sulfur reflect more of the sun's solar radiation back into space and away from Earth, which has a cooling effect on the planet. iStockResearchers are investigating how this effect could be artificially recreated. The leading proposal involves planes that would inject sulfur into the atmosphere. Niemeier and Tilmes reviewed the math, and said that in order to counteract the temperature rise at that point, we'd have to inject the atmosphere with the amount of sulfur that was created by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo every year for 160 years. (For context, the Pinatubo eruption was the second largest of the 20th century.)This effort, they write, would require 6,700 sulfur-injection flights per day - at a cost of about $20 billion a year.The authors also note that the technology required for this aerosol modification in the stratosphere doesn't exist yet, and that their timeline assumes that global carbon emissions would reach zero before 2100.We're still far from understanding all the risks involved with injecting sulfur into our atmosphere; however, a major one is the destruction of ozone, the layer that helps keep dangerous ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth. The sulfur approach would also cool land more than oceans, which would continue to change and acidify. And it would transform tropical monsoons, reducing rainfall and potentially causing droughts in places like India.<h2>Transforming the clouds in the sky</h2>Another drastic approach to cooling our planet would be to alter a certain type of heat-trapping cloud.One of the most confounding variables in climate models is the effect of clouds in sky, climate scientist <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/kate_marvel_can_clouds_buy_us_more_time_to_solve_climate_change">Kate Marvel explained at TED 2017</a>. Clouds can send solar radiation back into space, thereby helping to cool the planet. But they can also trap heat on Earth, playing a similar role to greenhouse gases like CO2.Shutterstock/Aleksey SagitovCirrus clouds.All climate projections show a warming trend, but the role of clouds, Marvel says, is why "<a>some of them project catastrophe - </a><a>more than five times the warming we've seen already - a</a><a>nd others are literally more chill."</a>Cirrus clouds, the thin, wispy ones that look like streaks in the sky, don't reflect much radiation and can trap a good amount of heat.So authors Ulrike Lohmann and Blaz Gasparini <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aan3325">write in Science</a> that researchers are investigating ways to thin such clouds and let more heat escape, as the diagram below shows. This would be done by planting tiny particles (like chemicals, desert dust, or pollen) into cirrus clouds to break them apart - a process known as seeding.<a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aan3325">G. GRULLÓN/SCIENCE 2017</a>This approach also comes with a list of risks, the authors write.According to the paper, if the seeding process goes too far, or scientists didn't get the location perfectly right, new cirrus clouds could form in places where they didn't exist before, "creating additional warming rather than the intended cooling."Plus, just like the sulfur injections, cirrus thinning wouldn't decrease the levels of CO2 already in the air or lower the amount we're still releasing to the atmosphere. And ocean acidification would continue."In theory it could be done," <a href="http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock/">Alan Robock</a>, an environmental science professor at Rutgers who was not involved with the new papers, told Business Insider. But no one has ever tried it, and "it's still relatively early days in terms of knowing whether it would work."But there's another major risk involved with developing technology that allows us to tinker with the planet's climate systems: Human conflict. <h2>Permission to transform the world</h2>Once geoengineering technology and methods are developed, a situation could arise in which one country or rich individual decides to try it out on their own.In an editorial published alongside the new papers in Science, authors from the Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Initiative pointed out that the world's governments don't have a framework yet for deciding whether or not "the potential global benefit of geoengineering is worth the risks to certain regions."In an absolute worst case scenario, one rogue actor claiming they were trying to do good could attempt some kind of geoengineering project that winds up triggering environmental disaster, like massive droughts, in another country. That could lead to a destabilizing global conflict.This may sound extreme, but Robock said he once participated in a discussion at a geoengineering conference in which the question of worst possible outcomes was raised. One answer was particularly sobering, he said: global nuclear war.<h2>The easier solution</h2><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ted-talk-speakers-geoengineering-2017-4">At TED 2017</a>, Marvel likened geoengineering to "going to a doctor who says 'You have a fever, I know exactly why you have a fever, and we're not going to treat that. We're going to give you ibuprofen, and also your nose is going to fall off.'"In other words, it's like using a very risky band-aid without ever solving the original problem: greenhouse gas emissions.Even if these geoengineering strategies were to work as planned, trying to change the planet's natural systems without stopping emissions in the first place would be stupid, because we wouldn't eradicate the primary factor causing warming.The Carnegie Council scholars wrote in their editorial that embarking on a geoengineering project without cutting emissions might mean that we need to continue modifying our stratosphere for centuries with unknown side effects. And even if we did that, we'd still need to develop ways to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and store that carbon safely.Researchers are making progress in that area - <a href="https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-07/uosc-dbc071717.php">one recent study</a> found a way to accelerate a chemical reaction that could help safely store carbon in the ocean. But there's still much to be done and that science is still in very early stages.Robock points out an obvious truth in regards to all of these radical possibilities: It would be safer for people to simply come together now and figure out how to stop fossil fuel emissions.To keep the planet at a stable temperature, even the Paris Agreement goals would <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/paris-agreement-explained-2016-11/#the-biggest-problem-with-the-agreement-5">need to be made significantly more aggressive</a>. Given Trump's vow to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-paris-agreement-climate-change-2017-6">pull the US out of the international accord</a>, that might seem unlikely right now, but Robock thinks it's possible."With charismatic leadership, things can change very quickly," he said. "I'm optimistic the world will do that and we won't need to use geoengineering."Hopefully, Robock's optimism proves to be justified. <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/running-lose-weight-shawn-arent-exercise-health-science-2017-7">An exercise scientist reveals the exercise regime that will burn the most fat</a></h3> Please enable Javascript to watch this video

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