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New Delhi, Feb 1 () The higher education sector in the country is set to get a boost with the Union Budget 2021-22 promising a central university for Leh, a legislation to set up Higher Education Commission of India, and increasing academic collaboration with foreign institutions among other measures. "For accessible higher education in Ladakh, I propose to set up a Central University in Leh," Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said in her budget speech Monday. "In Budget 2019-20, I had mentioned about the setting-up of Higher Education Commission of India. We would be introducing a legislation this year to implement the same. It will be an umbrella body having 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding," she added. The finance minister announced that nine cities will create formal umbrella structures so that these institutions can have better synergy, while also retaining their internal autonomy. "Many of our cities have various research institutions, universities, and colleges supported by the Government of India. Hyderabad for example, has about 40 such major institutions. In nine such cities, we will create formal umbrella structures so that these institutions can have better synergy, while also retaining their internal autonomy. A Glue Grant will be set aside for this purpose," she said. The budget also proposed increased academic collaborations with foreign higher educational institutions. "To promote enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher educational institutions, it is proposed to put in place a regulatory mechanism to permit dual degrees, joint degrees, twinning arrangements and other such mechanisms," she said. The higher education department has been allocated Rs 38,350.65 crore for 2021-22, registering a dip of Rs 1115.87 crore. The budget for the Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) has been reduced from Rs 2200 crore to Rs 1 crore. The allocation for world class institutions has been increased from Rs 500 crore to Rs 1,710 crore. Similarly, the fund for scholarships for college and university students has been increased from Rs 141 crore to Rs 207 crore. "In my Budget Speech of July 2019, I had announced the National Research Foundation. We have now worked out the modalities and the NRF outlay will be of Rs 50,000 crores, over 5 years. It will ensure that the overall research ecosystem of the country is strengthened with focus on identified national-priority thrust areas," Sitharaman said. GJS GJS TIR TIR

Higher edu: Budget proposes central varsity for Leh, enhanced collaboration with foreign insts

<ul><li>According to the Ministry of Home Affairs, all Indian citizens can purchase land in <keyword id="17605" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> without any <keyword id="673586" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Domicile-Certificate">domicile certificate</keyword>. </li><li>However, citizens are yet not allowed to purchase agricultural land. </li><li>Former J&amp;K CM Omar Abdullah has expressed strong disapproval against the new land laws saying that ‘J&amp;K is now up for sale &amp; the poorer small land holding owners will suffer.”</li></ul>A year after abrogating article 370, the Indian government on October 27 notified new land laws for Jammu and Kashmir, which allows any Indian citizen to buy land in the region. According to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Indian citizens can now purchase land in Jammu and Kashmir without any domicile certificate. However, citizens are yet not allowed to buy agricultural land. The Centre has removed “being a permanent resident of the state” as a precondition for buying land in J&amp;K and Ladakh. "With immediate effect, the Acts mentioned in the Schedule to this Order shall, until repealed or amended by a competent Legislature or other competent authority, have effect, subject to the adaptations and modifications directed by the said Schedule, or if it is so directed, shall stand repealed," read the order. Last year in August, the Indian government <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/amit-shah-says-article-35a-and-article-370-giving-kashmir-special-status-will-be-annulled-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/70530969.cms">revoked </a>the special constitutional status of Jammu and Kashmir, which provided special rights to the permanent citizens of the region. These special provisions barred Indian residents from other states from buying land or becoming a permanent resident of the disputed region. With the abrogation of article 370, the constitutional provisions providing semi-autonomy to J&amp;K, the entire region <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/amit-shah-says-article-35a-and-article-370-giving-kashmir-special-status-will-be-annulled-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/70530969.cms">came directly under the Centre’s rule.</a> PM Modi had also invited several industries to set up businesses in Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Ladakh. According to MHA’s latest order, the General Clauses Act, 1897, applies for the interpretation of this current order since it applies for interpretation of laws in force in India. Meanwhile 12 state laws have been repealed as a whole. Amongst others, those legislations which are being repealed as whole include - <ul><li>Jammu and Kashmir Alienation Of Land Act (V of Samvat 1995)</li><li>Jammu and Kashmir Big Landed Estates Abolition Act (XVII Samvat 2007)</li><li>Jammu and Kashmir Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1956</li><li>Jammu and Kashmir Consolidation Of Holdings Act, 1962 </li></ul><div type="twitter" handle="OmarAbdullah" handlename="Omar Abdullah" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1317076766536605696/KKiW13dg_normal.jpg" favoritecount="617" retweetcount="111" status="Unacceptable amendments to the land ownership laws of J&amp;K. Even the tokenism of domicile has been done away with wh… https://t.co/Y8eaXhmgW4" createdat="1603789608000" id="1321015482544054273"></div> Former J&amp;K CM Omar Abdullah has expressed strong disapproval against the new land laws saying that ‘J&amp;K is now up for sale &amp; the poorer small land-holding owners will suffer.” SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/sequoia-capital-leads-a-15-million-round-in-video-creation-platform-invideo/articleshow/78889403.cms">Sequoia Capital leads a $15 million round in video creation platform InVideo</a>

Any Indian citizen can now buy land in Jammu and Kashmir without a domicile certificate

New Delhi, India's Chief of Defence Staff, <keyword id="3969981" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="General-Bipin-Rawat">General Bipin Rawat</keyword> on Friday said the like-minded partners need to build "<keyword id="10415564" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="dissuasive-deterrence">dissuasive deterrence</keyword>" against China's attempts at establishing its hegemony in the Indo-Pacific region. General Rawat was speaking at the <keyword id="6707589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Dialogue-Security-Summit">Global Dialogue Security summit</keyword> on 'Contesting the Indo-Pacific for Global Domination' organized online by <keyword id="10415563" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-dialogue-forum">Global Dialogue Forum</keyword> in partnership with Global Dialogue Review and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. In his keynote address, General Rawat said today India is "facing increased <keyword id="969118" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="security-challenges">security challenges</keyword> and the best guarantor to peace and stability is to have dissuasive deterrence." Though the Chief of the Defence Staff of <keyword id="9455912" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-indian-armed-forces">the Indian Armed Forces</keyword> did not mention India's ongoing standoff with China along the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh for the last seven months, he alluded to the Asian neighbor in several references to the Indo-Pacific region. For nations like India, General Rawat said, the security of land and borders remains a primary concern. "Therefore, there is a need to develop integrated structures to ensure modernization programs to be undertaken by our armed forces based on the correct assessment of the nature of threats and challenges. In addition, we are also partnering with like-minded nations to ensure peace and stability in our region." "Our approach to security needs to shift from a unilateral mode to multilateral mode, which mandates increasing training, engagements with partner nations so as to fructify joint response in the future," he added. The US, he said, recognizes Indo-Pacific as consequential for its future, adding that similarly, Japan, Australia, France, the UK, Indonesia, and Germany also find the region of strategic importance to them. However, China's rise as a military and economic power has made the region highly contestable. Based on the challenges India faces as a rising regional power, he said, "We require structured a long time planning for capacity building and development of our defense forces. In a quest to building a stronger India, we need a peaceful and stable security environment." "We need to maintain strategic autonomy and cooperative relations with extra-regional powers, regional linkages. We need to build bilateral, trilateral and multilateral mechanisms like Japan, Australia and India (JAI), India-Asean and similar existing mechanisms to have the right balance in our strategic autonomy." Technology, he said, will play an important role in any nation's quest for supremacy, be it in the military or any other sphere of activity. Therefore, investment in research and development will determine the future course of action for any enterprise, he said. However, he warned, "Quest to acquire proprietary rights on technology must not deny benefits of development to the global community at large. It must, in fact, create linkages between the haves and have nots. Humanity must not be guided by profiteering alone but must consider an equal opportunity for growth for all." In the military, he said, technology must become the means of deterrence and not a source of destruction. "Technology must benefit mankind and not be used for destroying existing systems." General Rawat ended his address on a positive note saying that this is India's century. "Many across the world are bullish about India. It has the talent, demographic dividend, and vibrancy of culture," he asserted. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/top-stocks-to-watch-irctc-hdfc-bank-tcs-tvs-motor-dalmia-bharat-ultratech-acc-ambuja-and-others/articleshow/79672813.cms">Top stocks to watch — IRCTC, HDFC Bank, TCS, TVS Motor, Dalmia Bharat, UltraTech, ACC, Ambuja, and others</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/best-smartphones-of-2020-in-india/slidelist/79675101.cms">Best smartphones of 2020 in India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/reports-suggest-that-tata-adani-and-hinduja-group-are-interested-in-air-india-divestment-plan/articleshow/79675955.cms">Last date for Air India divestment plan nears — reports suggest that Tata, Adani and Hinduja Group are interested</a>

Army chief calls on India's allies for 'dissuasive deterrence' against China in the Indo-Pacific

(Eds: Fixing typo in headline) New Delhi, Feb 1 () Setting up a central university in Leh, 100 new Sainik schools and Higher Education Commission of India, increasing collaboration with foreign institutions as well as strengthening over 15,000 schools as per new NEP, are among the major announcements from the education sector in the Budget for 2021-22 announced on Monday. The Ministry of Education has received a total of 93,224.31 crore this year. In 2020-21, it was allocated Rs 99,311.52 crore. "For accessible higher education in Ladakh, I propose to set up a Central University in Leh," Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said in her budget speech. She said, "More than 15,000 schools will be qualitatively strengthened to include all components of the National Education Policy. They shall emerge as exemplar schools in their regions, handholding and mentoring other schools to achieve the ideals of the Policy. 100 new Sainik Schools will be set up in partnership with NGOs, private schools and states. "In Budget 2019-20, I had mentioned about the setting-up of Higher Education Commission of India. We would be introducing legislation this year to implement the same. It will be an umbrella body having 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding." In the Budget, the blanket exemption in annual receipts for charitable trusts running educational institutions, has been increased from Rs 1 crore to 5 crore. "We hope to reduce compliance burden on small charitable trusts running educational institutions and hospitals. So far, there is a blanket exemption to such entities, whose annual receipt does not exceed Rs 1 crore. I now propose to increase this amount to Rs 5 crore. "Many of our cities have various research institutions, universities and colleges supported by the Government of India. Hyderabad for example, has about 40 such major institutions. In nine such cities, we will create formal umbrella structures so that these institutions can have better synergy, while also retaining their internal autonomy. A Glue Grant will be set aside for this purpose," Sitharaman said. In order to promote enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher educational institutions, the budget has proposed to put in place a regulatory mechanism to permit dual degrees, joint degrees, twinning arrangements and other such mechanisms. For children with hearing impairments, the government has proposed to work on standardization of Indian Sign language across the country and develop national and state curriculum materials for use by them. "There are a number of senior and retired teachers. They will be used for individual mentoring of school teachers and educators through constant online and offline support on subjects, themes and pedagogy," she said. Sitharaman announced that the CBSE board exam reforms will be implemented from 2022-23 academic session in a phased manner. The reforms were proposed in the new National Education Policy announced last year in which making board exams easy, reduction of curriculum to core concepts, replacement of 10+2 structure of school curricula with a 5+3+3+4 structure and teaching up to at least class 5 in the mother tongue or a regional language, were among the many school education reforms outlined. "For the past few years our Prime Minister has been engaging with students every year before their Board Exams to help them overcome anxiety and stress. In this direction, we will introduce CBSE Board Exam reforms in a phased manner to be effective from the 2022-23 academic session," she said. She added, "Exams will move away from rote-learning and students shall be tested on their conceptual clarity, analytical skills and application of knowledge to real life situations. "During the year, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, we have trained more than 30 lakh elementary school teachers digitally, covering the whole gamut of education. Taking this further, in 2021-22, we will enable the training of 56 lakh school teachers through the National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers for Holistic Advancement (NISTHA)," the finance minister said. GJS GJS TDS TDS TDS

Budget: Central varsity in Leh, strengthening over 15K schools as per new NEP announced

New Delhi, Feb 1 () Setting up a central university in Leh, 100 new Sainik schools and Higher Education Commission of India, increasing collaboration with foreign institutions as well as strengthening over 15,000 schools as per new NEP, are among the major announcements from the education sector in the Budget for 2021-22 announced on Monday. The Ministry of Education has received a total of 93,224.31 crore this year. In 2020-21, it was allocated Rs 99,311.52 crore. "For accessible higher education in Ladakh, I propose to set up a Central University in Leh," Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said in her budget speech. She said, "More than 15,000 schools will be qualitatively strengthened to include all components of the National Education Policy. They shall emerge as exemplar schools in their regions, handholding and mentoring other schools to achieve the ideals of the Policy. 100 new Sainik Schools will be set up in partnership with NGOs, private schools and states. "In Budget 2019-20, I had mentioned about the setting-up of Higher Education Commission of India. We would be introducing legislation this year to implement the same. It will be an umbrella body having 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding." In the Budget, the blanket exemption in annual receipts for charitable trusts running educational institutions, has been increased from Rs 1 crore to 5 crore. "We hope to reduce compliance burden on small charitable trusts running educational institutions and hospitals. So far, there is a blanket exemption to such entities, whose annual receipt does not exceed Rs 1 crore. I now propose to increase this amount to Rs 5 crore. "Many of our cities have various research institutions, universities and colleges supported by the Government of India. Hyderabad for example, has about 40 such major institutions. In nine such cities, we will create formal umbrella structures so that these institutions can have better synergy, while also retaining their internal autonomy. A Glue Grant will be set aside for this purpose," Sitharaman said. In order to promote enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher educational institutions, the budget has proposed to put in place a regulatory mechanism to permit dual degrees, joint degrees, twinning arrangements and other such mechanisms. For children with hearing impairments, the government has proposed to work on standardization of Indian Sign language across the country and develop national and state curriculum materials for use by them. "There are a number of senior and retired teachers. They will be used for individual mentoring of school teachers and educators through constant online and offline support on subjects, themes and pedagogy," she said. Sitharaman announced that the CBSE board exam reforms will be implemented from 2022-23 academic session in a phased manner. The reforms were proposed in the new National Education Policy announced last year in which making board exams easy, reduction of curriculum to core concepts, replacement of 10+2 structure of school curricula with a 5+3+3+4 structure and teaching up to at least class 5 in the mother tongue or a regional language, were among the many school education reforms outlined. "For the past few years our Prime Minister has been engaging with students every year before their Board Exams to help them overcome anxiety and stress. In this direction, we will introduce CBSE Board Exam reforms in a phased manner to be effective from the 2022-23 academic session," she said. She added, "Exams will move away from rote-learning and students shall be tested on their conceptual clarity, analytical skills and application of knowledge to real life situations. "During the year, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, we have trained more than 30 lakh elementary school teachers digitally, covering the whole gamut of education. Taking this further, in 2021-22, we will enable the training of 56 lakh school teachers through the National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers for Holistic Advancement (NISTHA)," the finance minister said. GJS GJS TDS TDS

Budget: Cental varsity in Leh, strengthening over 15K schools as per new NEP announced

<ul><li>India's Narendra Modi government has made a historic move to annul Constitutional provisions that confer Jammu and Kashmir a 'special' status that allows it to make its own laws and ward off 'outsiders.</li><li>India's Home Minister Amit Shah declared in the Parliament today that Article 370 and Article 35A of the Constitution will be abrogated.</li><li>The government also informed the Parliament that Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh will be split into two Union Territories, which will be the entire region directly under the Centre's rule.</li><li>Ahead of this announcement, Section 144 was imposed in Kashmir valley-- internet services have been suspended, political leaders like Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti have been placed under house arrest-- to prevent any backlash.</li></ul> The Narendra Modi government is keen to create history by putting an end to provisions in the Indian Constitution that confer a special status to state of Jammu and Kashmir, which has been the centre of a conflict with Pakistan as well as a hotbed for separatists in the region. The government's overpowering majority in the Indian Parliament as well as the fact that the state is under President's rule for now, help Modi get his way. India's Home Minister Amit Shah declared in Parliament that Article 35A and Article 370 of the Indian Constitution that give special status given to Kashmir -- and rights to make its own laws-- will be abrogated. "The entire constitution will be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir state,” Shah said. In a subsequent order, India’s president approved the government’s changes. He also proposed splitting the state into two Union Territories -- Jammu and Kashmir being one and Ladakh being the other-- bringing the entire region under New Delhi's direct rule and administration. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Shah's declaration was faced with an uproar from the opposition leaders in the Rajya Sabha. Congress leader Ghulam Nabi Azad argued that Article 370 has been a crucial factor in keeping Jammu and Kashmir united with India since its independence in 1947. Shah responded saying that Azad's argument was a lie perpetuated by the Congress for decades and Article 370 only managed to isolate Kashmiris from the rest of India. What it means India's first Prime Minsiter Jawaharlal Nehru and Kashmiri icon Sheikh Abdullah agreed to a 'special' status for the state of Jammu and Kashmir to protect the land rights of the 'permanent citizens'. Article 35A prohibits 'outsiders' from owning property, getting government jobs and scholarship, and from settling in the state. The Article, also called the Permanent Residents Law, also prohibits women from inheriting property if they marry someone from outside the state. Apart from the autonomy, Article 370 -- which makes Artice 35A possible-- allows the state to make its own law and also makes it compulsory for the state assembly to agree to any move proposed by the central government in New Delhi. However, as of now, the state is under President's rule and there is no need for consent from the state assembly. Those against the 'special' status given to Jammu and Kashmir argue that Article 370 was a 'temporary' provision but the courts, including the Supreme Court, have held that it is a permanent part of the Constitution, in a judgement as recent as 2018. However, Parliamentarians from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) argued in the Parliament the it is indeed a temporary provision, which must be abolished now. So this move by the Narendra Modi government is expected to land in litigation as well draw some international attention. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 It is also claimed by many experts that Article 35A stems from the powers conferred upon the President under Article 370 of the Constitution, and therefore one cannot be annulled without the other. The deletion of Article 370 will automatically render Article 35A null and void. Two Parliamentarians tore up copies of the Constitution in protest of the move to abrogate Article 370 and 35A. Both of them were forced out of the house by the Speaker of Rajya Sabha, Venkaiah Naidu, the country's Vice President. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/section-144-in-kashmir-latest-news-developments/articleshow/70529285.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">All that's happened in Kashmir over the last 72 hours – from movement of troops to suspension of internet to political leaders under house arrest</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-will-now-be-two-separate-union-territories/articleshow/70531866.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh will now be two separate Union Territories</a>

Article 370 and Article 35A which give Kashmir a special status will be annulled, Amit Shah tells Indian Parliament

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Pakistan is suspending all trade with India, in retaliation against <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-india-revoke-article-370-quasi-independence-internet-tourists-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">India's Monday move to cancel a constitutional provision</a> that guaranteed the autonomy of the disputed Kashmir region.</li><li>Both India and Pakistan stake claims to Kashmir, one of the most militarized regions in the world.</li><li>As well as the trade ban, Pakistan is recalling its ambassador from India's capital New Delhi, and expelling India's envoy in Pakistan, the country's <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1498609/pakistan-to-downgrade-diplomatic-ties-suspend-bilateral-trade-with-india-nsc-meeting">Dawn newspaper</a> reported.</li><li>Pakistan has called on US President Donald Trump and the United Nations to help mediate the tensions, while India has repeatedly said that Kashmir is a regional issue.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Pakistan is suspending all trade with India two days after India's government revoked a constitutional provision that guaranteed the quasi-independence of the Kashmir region, and shut off the internet in the disputed territory.Pakistan is also downgrading diplomatic ties with India, has recalled its ambassador from the Indian capital New Delhi, and plans to expel the India envoy in Pakistan, the country's <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1498609/pakistan-to-downgrade-diplomatic-ties-suspend-bilateral-trade-with-india-nsc-meeting">Dawn newspaper</a> reported.The Pakistani National Security Committee announced the decision on Wednesday night local time following a meeting with Prime Minister Imran Khan, Dawn reported.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>Tensions between the two countries are at their most acute in decades after India on Monday abruptly revoked two articles its 72-year-old constitution that gave the state of Jammu and Kashmir autonomy.Articles 35A and 370 of the constitution allowed Kashmir to make its own laws and stopped people from outside the region from buying property.India now wants to reorganize the region into two territories - Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh - that would be governed by the federal authorities in New Delhi.India has repeatedly said that Kashmir is a bilateral issue - between India and Pakistan only - while Pakistan has called on US President Donald Trump to mediate the disagreement, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-denies-trump-claim-modi-asked-for-help-kashmir-conflict-2019-7?r=US&amp;IR=T">something he previously offered to do.</a>Pakistan also plans to raise the matter with the United Nations, which on Tuesday <a href="https://www.apnews.com/e2d4b15116ba46b68d2b43fc1b88220e">called</a> on both sides to "exercise restraint."Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-trump-offer-mediate-state-dept-now-backpedal-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">2 weeks ago Trump casually offered to mediate the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. Now the situation is blowing up, he's nowhere to be seen.</a> <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>While India, Pakistan, and China all control various parts of Kashmir, both India and Pakistan claim it to be solely theirs.Kashmir is one of the most heavily-militarized regions in the world.Many people in the mostly-Muslim region either want independence, or rule by Pakistan. But after India and Pakistan separated in 1947, the state's maharajah chose to become part of India, with the two constitutional articles guaranteeing its special status.Shortly before the decision on Monday, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-india-revoke-article-370-quasi-independence-internet-tourists-2019-8">the Indian government sent in thousands more troops, cut off the internet and phone lines for many people, and placed regional politicians under house arrest</a>.Critics of India believe that the Monday annulment of Articles 35A and 370 will allow more Hindus to live in Kashmir, and alter the ethnic and religious balance of the region.Islamabad's trade freeze is unlikely to heavily affect the two countries' economies, however.Pakistan accounts for just <a href="https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ind/">0.58%</a> of India's exports, while India makes up <a href="https://oec.world/en/profile/country/pak/">1.9%</a> of Pakistan's exports, <a href="https://oec.world/en/profile/country/pak/">according to Observatory of Economic Complexity statistics from 2017.</a>

Pakistan cuts off all trade with India after it abruptly revoked Kashmir's quasi-independence and cut off the internet

<table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">Jammu and Kashmir Exit Poll </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;"> </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;"> </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;"> </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">Party Names </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">2014 Result </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">India Today Axis </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">C -Voter </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 0pt 2pt 0pt;">TimesNow - VMR </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">3 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">2 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">2 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">2 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">PDP(Peoples Democratic Party) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">3 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">3 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">0 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">UPA (INC+JKNC) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">0 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">3 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.75pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.75pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">4 </td></tr></tbody></table> Business Insider compiled surveys from five reputed sources — Republic-C Voter, NDTV - Hansa, Today's Chanakya, India Today-Axis, and TimesNow - VMR — amongst many others and the final number is an average of these five polls. With its major part located on the Himalayan Mountains, the state of <keyword id="17605" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> shares its borders with Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a special autonomy under the article 370 of the Constitution of India. Formerly a princely state, the state has a total number of 78,50,852 voters listed on its electoral rolls. This figure comprises of 41,09,804 male voters, 37,40,709 female voters and 339 third gender electors. In 2014 Lok Sabha elections, JKPDP and BJP shared three seats each among them. In 2009 Lok Sabha elections, the result showed 3 seats for JKN, 2 constituencies for INR and 1 constituency for IND. During 2004 Lok Sabha elections, JKN got 2 places, INC got 2 constituencies and JKPDP won from 1 seat. The one another seat was won by an independent candidate. Jammu and Kashmir has 6 Lok Sabha seats in total namely Baramulla, Jammu, Srinagar, Udhampur, Ladakh an Anantnag. There are no reserved seats in the state. The state can also send 4 members to represent it in the Rajya Sabha. The total number of assembly constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir are 89 and the country went for the latest assembly polls in December 2014. The polling for 2019 Lok Sabha elections for the 6 constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir happened in 5 phases concluding on May 6, 2019.

Jammu and Kashmir exit poll result 2019 of Lok Sabha Elections

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Indian and Chinese troops came to blows last month in a disputed area along their mutual border in what was the deadliest such clash in more than 40 years.</li><li>The disputed northern border has been a source of tension for decades and will remain so, but growing rifts between <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> and <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> mean the <keyword id="12350" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Indian-Ocean">Indian Ocean</keyword> will likely grow as an area of competition as well.</li></ul>Clashes in June between India and China high in the western Himalayas saw <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amid-border-dispute-tensions-how-china-and-india-militaries-compare-2020-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the first deadly encounter</a> between their forces there in four decades. Both sides appear to be disengaging, and India's northern border, parts of which are in dispute with Pakistan and China, will remain a point of focus for its military.But India's southern maritime approaches, where increasing Chinese naval activity was already a concern, may gain even more attention from New Delhi in the wake of those clashes."On the military side, I think we have to stay on guard. The situation is very fragile, even tenuous," former Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao, also former Indian ambassador to China and the US, said at an <a href="https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/events/webcast-crossing-precipice-india-china-border-clash" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asia Society Policy Institute event</a> this week."Diplomatically, [India has to] keep our channels open with China, but at the same time, obviously, seek possibilities of closer convergence with friends and partners in the Indo-Pacific."China is "clearly seeking to improve strategic advantage for itself through naval outreach and construction of ports and facilities," in that region, Rao added. "We know that, and all these [facilities] have clear military potential. So we need to leverage our assets, in the Indian Ocean region particularly, better."<h2>Wary of China's active navy</h2><div type="image" title="India navy ship vessel Philippines" height="3262" width="4919" msid="76902499" hostid="261"></div>Like other countries, India has watched Chinese activity in the Indian Ocean warily, especially since a 2014 visit by Chinese submarines to Sri Lanka, where <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/indias-concern-with-beijing-expansion-grows-with-sri-lanka-port-deal-2017-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Beijing's growing influence</a> has concerned India and others.India's navy said in 2015 that it overlooks "strategic sea lanes" that link the country's "security and prosperity inextricably to the seas." The recent reorientation <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amid-simmering-tension-with-china-india-is-increasing-naval-strength-2017-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has been called</a> "a tectonic shift in India's security calculus."India has long sought to retain independence in <keyword id="6356001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international">international</keyword> affairs, but increasingly contentious relations with China have affected that thinking.A <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-between-china-and-india-continue-year-after-doklam-standoff-2018-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">73-day standoff</a> between China and India in Doklam, a disputed area in the eastern Himalayas, in summer 2017 "clarified for India that signing, for example, some information-sharing agreements with the US could actually benefit India," Tanvi Madan, an expert on India at the Brookings Institution, said <a href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2020/06/podcast-india-china-us-triangle" target="_blank" rel="noopener">on a recent episode</a> of the New Statesman's World Review podcast."India during Doklam saw the benefits of some of the capabilities that it had acquired from the US — the P-8I maritime surveillance aircraft, which flew right up to the India-China boundary for reconnaissance during that [standoff]," Madan said. "So you see then a decision, for example, to buy more of those."<div type="image" title="India navy Boeing P-8I Neptune anti-submarine maritime aircraft" height="521" width="1000" msid="76902501" hostid="261"></div>Since Doklam, those <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-more-us-made-sub-hunting-planes-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">P-8I aircraft</a> have been more active in the Indian Ocean, where the Indian navy <a href="https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/will-the-india-china-border-conflict-lead-to-a-naval-war/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">is working</a> to increase its capabilities and to keep an eye on Chinese warships.Indian officials have previously announced <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-is-beefing-up-its-navy-to-counter-chinas-powerful-fleet-2018-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">intentions to dramatically expand</a> its navy, and this month, New Delhi said it would buy <a href="https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2020/07/06/india-accelerates-weapons-purchases-in-wake-of-border-clash-with-china/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$5.5 billion</a> in weaponry. Much of it is for the army and air force, reflecting continued emphasis on the land border, but navy projects include spare parts for Kilo-class submarines and other Russian-built warships.In the wake of Doklam, India also signed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-boosts-maritime-reach-with-seychelles-pact-to-build-naval-facilities-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a 20-year pact</a> with the Seychelles to build naval infrastructure there. In late 2018, India and the US signed a communications agreement <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-india-comcasa-deal-improves-ability-to-communicate-and-track-subs-2018-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">allowing closer coordination</a> of military operations such as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-and-india-practiced-hunting-subs-in-the-indian-ocean-2019-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tracking subs</a>.India has been <a href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-japan-to-ink-pact-to-share-military-logistics-781355.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in talks</a> with Japan on a military mutual logistics support deal, which New Delhi already <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/india-australia-sign-deal-military-bases-200604083007978.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">agreed to</a> with Australia and <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lemoa-already-fully-operational/article24904359.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">with the US</a>."India's maritime enthusiasm and the Indo-Pacific approach is fairly recent. Many of these partnerships and engagements are foundational, but due to the absence of an active maritime-focused policies in the last decades, these agreements/partnerships are important," Darshana​ Baruah, an expert on the Indian Ocean at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said in an email.<h2>Using maritime leverage</h2><div type="image" title="India runway Port Blair Andaman Nicobar Islands" height="903" width="1400" msid="76902503" hostid="261"></div>The weeks since the clashes in Ladakh have seen more calls for India to put that navy to use.At the end of June, Sujan Chinoy, a former Indian diplomat, <a href="https://idsa.in/policybrief/strategic-potential-andaman-nicobar-sujanchinoy-260620" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recommended</a> "opening up" the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-navy-set-to-open-third-base-in-strategic-islands-to-counter-china-2019-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> in the Bay of Bengal to "friendly navies," incluing the US, Japan, and Australia, "to promote greater naval cooperation."India's chief of naval staff, Adm. Karambir Singh, <a href="https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/india-china-geostrategy-indian-ocean-region-strait-of-malacca-indian-and-chinese-navy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has said</a> the navy told the government it could act in the Malacca Straits, which connect the Indian and Pacific oceans, in response to tension on the northern border. And this month, a former chief of naval staff, retired Adm. Arun Prakash, <a href="https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/india-china-navy-maritime-strategy-conflict-indian-ocean-south-china-sea-trade-choke-points" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suggested</a> using that "maritime leverage" to add "weight to India's negotiating position."India has also engaged more with partners, which it has been historically cautious about doing. In June, India <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-take-a-call-on-australias-inclusion-in-malabar-exercises-with-japan-us/article32034664.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said it was open</a> to Australia joining this year's Malabar naval exercises as an observer, something New Delhi has hesitated to do for years.Recent tensions "will likely underscore to strategists in New Delhi and Beijing that they should be prepared for sustained competition across domains, and that India cannot take for granted its partnerships in the region," Joshua White, a professor of South Asia Studies at Johns Hopkins University, said in an email.<div type="image" title="US Navy aircraft carrier Indian Ocean Malabar" height="714" width="1000" msid="76902505" hostid="261"></div>"The decision to use India's advantage at sea is completely political and will depend on Delhi's political appetite," Baruah said. "There most certainly is an advantage and a role to be played, which can be maximized in collaboration with India's Indo-Pacific partners."Logistics exchanges and the use of Indian Ocean islands are just a few potential areas of collaboration, and India is likely to pursue a combination of them, Baruah said. Partnering with the US and others in the region offers "options to maximise some of [India's] advantage in the maritime domain."India has long valued strategic autonomy, and while it's likely to seek to retain some of that freedom, there's reason to think it will work more closely with an international coalition to counter an increasingly aggressive China, <a href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/china-india-border-conflict-strategic-shift-by-shashi-tharoor-2020-07" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to Shashi Tharoor, a former Indian minister of state for external affairs.Baruah expected an increase in maritime cooperation either way."What I hope is that [the] Ladakh issue has highlighted the maritime option available to India," Baruah said. "I hope this provides a chance to raise the urgency to clear some of the bureaucratic challenges in recognizing the role of the navy and maritime partnerships in India's strategic and security interests."

India's deadly mountain-top showdown with China could lead to more military activity at sea

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The disputed borderlands between <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>, <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>, and <keyword id="3001" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Pakistan">Pakistan</keyword> are increasingly becoming a flashpoint for conflict.</li><li>The world can't ignore these growing challenges, and while the international community should look to help manage the situation, direct US involvement is probably not the best way forward, writes Abby Pokraka, a program coordinator for the Center for Arms-Control and Non-Proliferation.</li></ul>For decades, India and Pakistan have clashed over <keyword id="6354495" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="kashmir">Kashmir</keyword>, the mountainous region both countries claim. But to make matters more complicated, China has a stake in the area, too. The Aksai Chin region — located between Kashmir and Tibet — is under Chinese control and has been a source of conflict between India and China since 1962.The borderlands between these three nuclear-armed states is increasingly a flashpoint for conflict. The international community ignores these growing challenges at its peril and should be looking for ways to help manage potential crises in the region.And while the United States can play a role, in this particular instance, direct US involvement is probably not the best way forward.<div type="image" title="Kashmiri women walk past an Indian security personnel during restrictions after the scrapping of the special constitutional status for Kashmir by the government, in Srinagar, August 11, 2019. REUTERS/Danish Siddiqui" height="2333" width="3500" msid="78409592" hostid="261"></div>The Kashmir region has been disputed since British India was <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1947.stm">partitioned</a> into India and Pakistan in 1947. The first Indo-Pakistani war began after armed Pakistani tribesmen invaded Kashmir. The ceasefire agreement on January 1, 1949 established the Line of Control (LoC) — the de facto border between Indian-controlled and Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.The second Indo-Pakistani war took place in <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/india-pakistan-war">August 1965</a> after a series of clashes across the LoC, with a third war starting when Pakistan erupted in civil war in 1971.Tensions only escalated when India became a nuclear power in 1974 and Pakistan in 1998. Conflict across the LoC continues today, with the most recent clash occurring in February 2019. It was the deadliest altercation in three decades, with <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/pulwama-attack">40 members</a> of India's police force killed.India and China have a similarly violent history over the Line of Actual Control, which divides Chinese-controlled territory from Indian-controlled territory high up in the Himalayas. After the 1962 Sino-Indian War, an uneasy truce was established, but regular conflicts create a simmering tension between the two countries.The Indian government <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/chinese-troops-had-dismantled-bunkers-on-indian-side-of-line-of-actual-control-in-august-2011-160035-2013-04-25">claims</a> that Chinese troops cross the LAC multiple times a year, leading to increased volatility between the nations. Chinese forces killed <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/world/asia/india-china-border.html">20 Indian</a> soldiers in hand-to-hand combat along the border in June.<div type="image" title="Indian soldiers troops Himalayas Ladakh" height="1666" width="2500" msid="78409594" hostid="261"></div>This was the deadliest confrontation between the two nations in four decades, and negotiations <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/02/asia/india-china-himalayas-border-intl-hnk/index.html">did not</a> diffuse the situation. Tempers flared again when China and India <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/02/asia/india-china-himalayas-border-intl-hnk/index.html">accused</a> each other of illegally trespassing on the other's side and firing warning shots in early September, which would be the<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/world/asia/india-china-border.html"> first time guns were used</a> amid tensions. Little has been done to resolve any of this.China was drawn into a dispute between India and Pakistan when India revoked Kashmir's <a href="https://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_e57b0ab399a59b28e5373e2fd0890cfa">autonomy</a> in August 2019 and wanted to <a href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2251770/kashmirs-role-boiling-china-india-tensions">incorporate</a> parts of "Xinjiang and Tibet into its Ladakh union territory," which China believes violates its dominion due to its occupation of Tibet. It appears that over the last year the situation in Kashmir has not gotten better."Mass <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/08/05/india-revoked-kashmirs-autonomy-year-ago-what-has-happened-since-then/">disenfranchisement</a> of Kashmiri Muslims, deteriorating security, economic backsliding and a contentious political agenda" negatively contributes to the tension between India and Pakistan, exacerbating the historical friction in the region.It seems clear that after decades of poor relations, the tensions in this part of the world may reach a <a href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2251770/kashmirs-role-boiling-china-india-tensions">boiling point</a>.<div type="image" title="india kashmir.JPG" height="1373" width="2000" msid="78409596" hostid="261"></div>Finding a solution to these half-century conflicts seems daunting, but it is necessary. While many nations have fought throughout history, a conflict between nuclear-armed states carries an unbearable risk of escalation.To start, these countries can take small steps to stabilize the security of the region and pave the way for better relations. Starting a dialogue, bilateral or trilateral, can improve communication in the longer term, which can help reduce the likelihood of conflict.Establishing crisis communications was an important step the United States and the Soviet Union took in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and de-escalation practices the two countries implemented in the early 1960s remained in place through the end of the Cold War.A third party could help facilitate regional discussions. Given its history in the region, the United States might have seemed like a good option for such facilitation, but that is not the case at this time.The Trump administration's <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-prime-minister-khan-islamic-republic-pakistan-bilateral-meeting/">offer</a> to mediate negotiations between India and Pakistan in July 2019 was generally ignored. Beyond that, the administration's own growing Cold War posture towards Beijung has deteriorated whatever diplomatic leverage it might have had in this situation. This week, President Trump took aim at China before the United Nations, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/22/world/americas/UN-Trump-Xi-China-coronavirus.html">blaming it for the global COVID pandemic</a>.At this point, there is no reason China would see the United States as a desirable mediator for any regional conflict.<div type="image" title="Narendra Modi and Xi Jinping" height="2522" width="4800" msid="78409600" hostid="261"></div>Moreover, it may not be America's responsibility to step into the void. Perhaps there is an opportunity for other nations to take that lead. China and India both have substantial trade relationships with <a href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/russia-hopes-sco-may-facilitate-indo-pak-talks-too-138273">Russia</a>, which may be willing to moderate discussions.Of course, Russia's own differences with China might complicate such an effort. The United Kingdom has made efforts in recent years to better its relationship with <a href="https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/india-and-uk-2050-vision">India</a> and <a href="https://nation.com.pk/10-Sep-2020/pakistan-uk-vow-to-enhance-relations">Pakistan</a>, putting London in the position to be a potential mediator. The Gulf states, with the help of the United States, have <a href="https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-gulf-countries-helped-ease-india-pakistan-tensions">diffused</a> tensions between India and Pakistan in the past, so perhaps they could offer further assistance.In the meantime, friction among China, India, and Pakistan continues to grow. The only way to diffuse the tension and prevent destructive escalation is through diplomacy.Other countries need to step up and work to reduce the hostilities. Make no mistake, a large-scale, regional conflict among nuclear-armed states would have global consequences.

You Searched For "Ladakh autonomy" and got 10 results

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Article 370 and Article 35A which give Kashmir a special status will be annulled, Amit Shah tells Indian Parliament

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Pakistan cuts off all trade with India after it abruptly revoked Kashmir's quasi-independence and cut off the internet

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Jammu and Kashmir exit poll result 2019 of Lok Sabha Elections

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India's deadly mountain-top showdown with China could lead to more military activity at sea

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