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<ul><li>The number of salaried <keyword id="32919" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="women-employees">women employees</keyword> in the urban workforce has increased by 2.1%, compared to 1.5% amongst men, according to the <keyword id="3429286" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Periodic-Labour-Force-Survey">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) released by the National Statistical Organisation (NSO). </li><li>The overall share of salaried employees improved from 48.3% in 2018 to 50% in March 2019. </li><li>The unemployment rate dropped to 11.6% among women against 12.8% in June last year. </li><li>According to the Monster Salary Index, women earn 19% less than men in India. </li></ul>Fewer Indian women are a part of its labour market. But their participation seems to be growing at a faster rate than that of men. Salaried women employees in the urban workforce increased by 2.1% as compared to 1.5% among men, according to the <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/rise-in-salaried-workers-women-fare-better-nso/articleshow/72217767.cms?from=mdr">Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) </a>released by the National Statistical Organisation (NSO). The overall share of salaried employees improved from 48.3% in 2018 to 50% in March 2019. However, the survey also says that unemployment is higher among women. The rate of unemployment in women dropped to 11.6% as against 12.8% in June last year. But it is yet to match that of men where unemployment rate is at 8.7%. <keyword id="2191211" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-pay-gap">Gender pay gap</keyword> remains However, the pay gap remains an area of concern for the government and organisations. According to the<a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/gender-pay-gap-still-high-women-in-india-earn-19-per-cent-less-than-men-report/story/325378.html"> Monster Salary Index,</a> women earn 19% less than men in India. The online job search platform shows that the gender pay gap widens with higher skill level but exist all across. This could be one of the many reasons why women participation in the workforce is low. Even after five years, merely 22% of the females between the age bracket of 15-30 years are expected to enter the labour force, according to the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/skills-study-over-next-5-years-just-1-in-5-entrants-to-labour-force-a-woman-6127848/">National Skills Development Corporation</a>. That means, of the 59 million people who enter the job market, only one in five will be women. Education Statistics Though fewer women are expected to work, there has been no change in women who are keen on an education. Female participation at the higher secondary level stood at 70.8% over the last decade. But this is changing as the skill levels increase. The share of women in engineering and management courses dropped in 2018, the survey highlighted. While the students enrolling in vocational courses rose by 3.9% in the last four years. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/unemployment-in-india-highest-among-urban-youth-says-government-data/articleshow/69631185.cms">Unemployment in India highest among urban youth, says government data</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/male-workforce-is-reportedly-shrinking-in-india-reveals-job-survey-by-nsso/articleshow/68498030.cms">Male workforce is reportedly shrinking in India, reveals job survey by NSSO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/over-200-economists-academicians-ask-govt-to-release-nsso-data-reports/articleshow/72172989.cms">Over 200 economists, academicians ask govt to release NSSO data, reports</a>

More women are drawing salaries in India but the gender pay gap persists

<ul><li>Nearly 93% of the population in India did not receive any vocational or <keyword id="639521" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="technical-training">technical training</keyword>, according to <keyword id="3429286" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Periodic-Labour-Force-Survey">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) 2017-18. </li><li>In contrast, as many as 1.5 million(21%) people have gained skills and jobs under the country’s <keyword id="2473582" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Skill-India-mission">Skill India mission</keyword>. </li><li>Globally, nearly 73 million young people are unemployed, according to the <keyword id="6355833" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="united-nations">United Nations</keyword>. </li><li>In the last budget speech, the government had announced industry relevant skill training for 10 million youth in India.</li></ul>Despite Indian government’s Skill India initiative, a large chunk of its population — nearly 93% — never received any vocational or technical training. According to the Periodic <keyword id="1830313" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Labour-Force-Survey">Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) 2017-18, merely 1.8% of the population received formal training on technical aspects and employment-ready skills, Mint <a href="https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/a-third-of-skilled-youth-in-india-jobless-official-survey-1565161972818.html">reported</a>. While roughly 6% received informal training on job skills, self-learning, etc. Pass percentage As per the recent developments, as many as 1.5 million people have gained skills and jobs under the country’s Skill India mission. However, it is only 21% of the total trainees — 7.2 million — who enrolled for the programme. Adding to the trouble, nearly half of the youth that is trained is not employed, as per the PLFS data. Approximately three in every five skilled women were recorded as unemployed. This clearly indicates an alarming rate of unemployment in India. Globally, nearly <a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/07/1042421">73 million</a> young people are unemployed, with 40 million joining the labour market each year. And, that calls for the need to create 475 million new jobs over the next decade, according to the United Nations. <div type="twitter" handle="UN" handlename="United Nations" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/950749155575541760/MZoiVs3G_normal.jpg" favoritecount="621" retweetcount="354" status="Young people are almost 3 times more likely to be unemployed than adults. On Monday's World Youth Skills Day, learn… https://t.co/vxtwr9yW7V" createdat="1563141720000" id="1150525880369762304"></div>

 In a bid to boost employment in the country, the government announced industry relevant skill training for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/skill-india-mission-employment-rate-is-too-low/articleshow/70459576.cms">10 million youth</a> during the budget speech. The focus will be on building skills in technologies like — Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Virtual Reality, 3D printing and Robotics — to promote higher remuneration. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/skill-india-mission-employment-rate-is-too-low/articleshow/70459576.cms">Only one in five people trained under government's Skill India Mission found jobs</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/goa-will-reserve-4-in-every-5-private-jobs-for-locals-making-it-the-third-indian-state-to-crackdown-on-migration/articleshow/70476187.cms">Goa will reserve 4 in every 5 private jobs for locals-- making it the third Indian state to crackdown on migration</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/urbanclap-partners-with-national-skill-development-corporation/articleshow/70229453.cms">Urbanclap to become Skill India certified, will create a million micro-entrepreneurs in the country</a>

Nearly 93% of the population in India lacks vocational and technical skills: Report

Indias urban unemployment rate improved remarkably in the April-June quarter, revealed the <keyword id="7734679" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-statistical-office" source="Orion">National Statistical Office</keyword>. It dipped to 7.6 per cent during the April-June quarter from 12.6 per cent during the corresponding quarter a year ago. It is a clear indication that the country's economy is coming out the grip of Covid-induced slowdown. India's urban unemployment rate improved across genders and age groups to its best-ever level in the quarter ending June 2022.India's headline urban unemployment rate was 7.6 per cent in the quarter ending June, compared to 8.2 per cent in the quarter ending March, 12.7 per cent in the June quarter of 2021-22, and 8.9 per cent in the June quarter of 2019-20. Joblessness was high in April-June 2021 mainly due to the staggering impact of Covid-related restrictions in the country. The 15th <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (<keyword id="1697741" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="plfs" source="Orion">PLFS</keyword>) showed that the unemployment rate among females (aged 15 years and above) in urban areas declined to 9.5 per cent in April-June, 2022 from 14.3 per cent a year ago. It was 10.1 per cent in January-March, 2022.Among males, the unemployment rate in urban areas dipped to 7.1 per cent in April-June 2022 compared to 12.2 per cent a year ago. It was 7.7 per cent in January-March 2022. Since some kinds of jobs, like those in agriculture, are seasonal in nature, unemployment rate comparisons are best made for the same quarter across years. However, the remarkable improvement in this rate can be seen from the fact that it is the lowest rate since the quarter ending June 2018, the first quarter for which the quarterly bulletins have data, revealed media reports. That the improvement in unemployment rate was not lopsided can be seen from the fact that it improved across groups. The quarterly bulletin gives a breakup of unemployment rate by gender and by three age groups: all ages, 15-29 years, and 15 years and above. Unemployment rates for all these groups was the best in the quarter ending June, media reports said. Similarly, at 37.2 per cent, the labour force participation rate (<keyword id="4279410" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lfpr" source="Orion">LFPR</keyword>) - or the share of population working or seeking work - in the first quarter of the current financial year was the highest for this quarter for any year since 2018-19 and 10 basis points (100th of a percentage point) higher than in the first quarter of last year. While LFPR was not at its best level in the quarterly bulletin's history like the unemployment rate, it is enough for it to be best for the June quarter because of the seasonality factor. The broad industry-wise breakup of workers further showed that employment prospects also improved. The share of workers in agriculture, secondary sector (which includes sectors like manufacturing and mining), and tertiary sector (comprises services) was 5.7 per cent, 34 per cent and 60.3 per cent, respectively. The share in agriculture is an improvement over the June quarters of FY 2021-22 and FY 2020-21, both affected by lockdowns, but not over FY 2019-20, when only 4.9 per cent were in agriculture. The share in tertiary sector was similarly a higher 62 per cent in FY 2019-20, a clear sign that though people are seeking and finding jobs with the pandemic under control, they may not be earning as much as they did before the pandemic. These signs will be confirmed or rejected when the unit-level data becomes available, the report stated. Labour force refers to the part of the population which supplies or offers to supply labour for pursuing economic activities for the production of goods and services and, therefore, includes both employed and unemployed persons. The NSO launched PLFS in April 2017. On the basis of PLFS, a quarterly bulletin is brought out giving estimates of labour force indicators namely unemployment rate, worker population ratio (<keyword id="1966243" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wpr" source="Orion">WPR</keyword>), labour force participation rate (LFPR), distribution of workers by broad status in employment and industry of work in Current Weekly Status. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/gromo-raises-11-million-plans-to-double-headcount-in-6-12-months/articleshow/94031705.cms">GroMo raises $11 million, plans to double headcount in 6-12 months</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/dreamfolks-services-beats-grey-market-expectations-lists-at-a-55-premium/articleshow/94017839.cms">DreamFolks Services stock slips 8% from its listing price</a>

India's urban unemployment rate dips to 7.6% in the April-June quarter

Gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of employment gap between males and females in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, according to a new report of <keyword id="69945" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="oxfam-india" source="Orion">Oxfam India</keyword>. The report highlighted that woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices. The Oxfam India's 'India Discrimination Report 2022' shows that discrimination causes 100 per cent of employment inequality faced by women in rural areas in labour market and 98 per cent in urban areas. The report said self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females, 83 per cent of which is attributed to gender-based discrimination and 95 per cent of the gap between the earnings of male and female casual wage workers is due to discrimination. According to the report, gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of the employment gap between males and females. Woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices, it said. The report further said that 93 per cent of the gap in earnings of males and females is due to discrimination. Rural self-employed males earn twice of what females earn in rural areas. Male casual workers earn Rs 3,000 per month more than females, 96 per cent of which is attributed to discrimination, it said. As high as 91.1 per cent of the gap in earnings between males and females is explained by discrimination. The academically recognised statistical model applied in the report is now able to quantify the discrimination women face in the labour market. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 per cent of discrimination and 33 per cent due to lack of education and work experience, the report said. Oxfam India called on the government to actively enforce effective measures for the protection and right to equal wages and work for all women. The Government of India should also incentivise the participation of women in workforce, including enhancement in pay, upskilling, job reservations and easy return-to-work options after maternity, the report said. What the report finds is if a man and woman starts on an equal footing, the woman will be discriminated in the economic sphere where she will lag behind in regular/salaried, casual and self-employment, said <keyword id="1594237" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="amitabh-behar" source="Orion">Amitabh Behar</keyword>, CEO of Oxfam India. "The inequality in the labour market for gender and other social categories, the report finds, is not just due to poor access to education or work experience but because of discrimination," he said. These findings are based on the government data on employment and labour from 2004-05 to 2019-20. The Oxfam India report refers to unit level data from 61st round <keyword id="179132" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-sample-survey" source="Orion">National Sample Survey</keyword> (NSS) data on employment-unemployment (2004-05), the <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> in 2018-19 and 2019-20 and All India Debt and Investment Survey by the government. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/online-education-platform-upgrad-acquires-centum-learning-to-upskill-enterprise-workforce/articleshow/94216993.cms">Online education platform upGrad acquires Centum Learning to upskill enterprise workforce</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/fitch-slashes-indias-fy23-gdp-growth-forecast-to-7-from-7-8-earlier/articleshow/94213633.cms?utm_source=google_newsstand&amp;utm_medium=google_rssfeed&amp;utm_campaign=news_referral">Fitch slashes India's FY23 GDP growth forecast to 7% from 7.8% earlier</a>

Self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females: Oxfam

<ul><li>In a joint statement released on March 14th, <keyword id="7428828" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="108-economists">108 economists</keyword> and social scientists in India and abroad decried the political interference in India’s statistical institutions like the <keyword id="109702" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="CSO">CSO</keyword> and <keyword id="159764" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="nsso">NSSO</keyword>. </li><li>The statement included signatories such as Jean Dreze, Amartya Lahiri and Satish Deshpande. </li><li>Terming economic data a “public good, it appealed to all the country’s economists to raise their voices against the “suppression of uncomfortable data” </li></ul> In a joint statement released on March 14th, 108 economists and social scientists in India and abroad decried the political interference in India’s statistical institutions like the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The statement included signatories such as Jean Dreze, Amartya Lahiri and Satish Deshpande. Terming economic data a “public good, it explained the risk to the credibility of India’s statistics bodies and appealed to all the country’s economists to raise their voices against the “<a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/108-economists-social-scientists-concerned-over-political-interference-in-data-estimation-119031400979_1.html">suppression of uncomfortable data</a>” and lobby the government to “ re-establish institutional independence and integrity to the statistical organisations. The statement specifically highlighted the problems inherent in the <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> administration’s release of back-dated series of <keyword id="401117" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="GDP-data">GDP data</keyword>. It also said that the government’s base-year system of revision inflated growth rates when compared with estimates by independent economists. In November last year, India’s Ministry of Statistics, in conjunction with government think tank, Niti Aayog, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms">released a revised set of GDP data</a> that showed that growth under the previous <keyword id="1575" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Congress">Congress</keyword> government between 2004-05 and 2013-14 was less than what the current BJP-led administration has achieved over the last four years. The joint statement also cited the government’s concealment of its latest jobs report - the Periodic <keyword id="1830313" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Labour-Force-Survey">Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) - owing to its unfavourable findings. In an election year, anything that calls into question its economic track record is sure to be used by its opponents. At the end of January 2019, PC Manohan and JV Meenakshi - the only external members of India’s National Statistics Commission - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-hidden-jobs-survey-in-india-casts-doubt-on-data-integrity-under-narendra-modi-government/articleshow/67750383.cms">resigned from the body</a> after the government shelved the report. The report, which was subsequently leaked, showed that unemployment hit a <a href="https://scroll.in/latest/911462/unemployment-was-at-45-year-high-after-note-ban-shows-centres-buried-report-business-standard">45-year high</a> in 2017-18. In response to the statement, PC Manohan said that India’s political parties should <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pol-parties-should-take-note-of-economists-concerns-over-statistical-data-ex-nsc-chief-mohanan-119031401247_1.html">pay attention to the economists’ concerns</a>. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-hidden-jobs-survey-in-india-casts-doubt-on-data-integrity-under-narendra-modi-government/articleshow/67750383.cms">Modi government has a hidden jobs report — say two independent bureaucrats who just quit</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms">India’s BJP-led government has released a set of revised GDP data that dramatically reduces growth during the previous administration’s tenure</a>

108 economists and academics just asked the Indian government to stop interfering with economic data

<ul><li>The Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation has released employment data, projecting the unemployment rate at 6.1% in 2017-18. </li><li>Joblessness among the educated urban workforce was higher that the uneducated among men and women. </li><li>Unemployment rate among young urban jobseekers has been on the rise for three quarters now — which stood at 23.7% in the December quarter of 2018.</li></ul>As the Modi government enters its second term, unemployment remains the biggest challenge in India. The latest employment survey has highlighted worrying trends in the job market. The <a href="https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/unemployment-on-the-rise-among-urban-youth-finds-survey-1559500104301.html">Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) </a>put out by the National Statistic Office(NSO) has shown that the unemployment rate among young urban jobseekers has been on the rise for three quarters now — which stood at 23.7% in the December quarter of 2018. According to the figures released by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MoSPD), the <keyword id="1958282" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="unemployment-rate-in-India">unemployment rate in India</keyword> hit 6.1% — proving the disputed NSSO survey to be statistically correct. On an average, Indian students spend nearly 11 years in formal education. However, the report noted that the country projected higher unemployment rate as the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unemployment-rate-stands-at-13-2-among-graduates-and-post-graduates-cmie/articleshow/68517075.cms">education level increases</a>. While unemployment stood at 2.1% among the illiterate urban men, nearly 9.2% of the men with secondary education were unemployed, the report added. Moving to the female unemployment rate, the unemployment among the educated women — secondary or higher education — hit <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/its-now-official-joblessness-rises-with-education-level/articleshow/69615943.cms">20% in 2017-18</a>. Overall, the unemployment among urban men stood at 7.8%, while the joblessness was recorded as 5.7% among women. The official release of the report has reopened the debate on India’s job crisis. The National Sample Survey Office(NSSO) job survey for 2017-18 revealed that the unemployment rate in India is on a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/unemployment-in-india-is-at-its-highest-in-45-years-says-an-indian-daily-citing-an-undisclosed-jobs-survey/articleshow/67769020.cms">45-year high</a>. The Finance Ministry released an official statement that said "There can be nothing farther away from the truth than saying that unemployment in India is at a 45 year low," India Today reported. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unemployment-rate-stands-at-13-2-among-graduates-and-post-graduates-cmie/articleshow/68517075.cms">Fewer jobs for better educated: India’s unemployment rate stands at 13.2% among the highly educated segment</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/as-unemployment-swells-in-india-educated-millennials-favour-government-jobs/articleshow/69267943.cms">As unemployment swells in India, educated millennials favour government jobs</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/may-day-2019-indias-labour-day-comes-at-the-cost-of-570000-job-losses-and-297-deaths/articleshow/69129435.cms">May Day 2019: India’s labour day comes at the cost of 570,000 job losses and 297 deaths</a>

Unemployment in India highest among urban youth, says government data

<ul><li>Six months after India’s Ministry of <keyword id="66017" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Statistics">Statistics</keyword>, along with government think tank Niti Aayog, released a back-dated series of <keyword id="401117" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="GDP-data">GDP data</keyword>, sparking a huge outcry, India’s growth numbers have once again been questioned. </li><li>The current system of GDP calculation, which was introduced in 2015, uses numbers from a database of Indian companies, MCA-21 - which is compiled by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). </li><li>However, a study by the National Sample Survey Office (<keyword id="159764" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="nsso">NSSO</keyword>), found that 15% of the companies in the database were either inactive or untraceable while another 21% were incorrectly classified. </li></ul> Six months after India’s Ministry of Statistics, along with government think tank Niti Aayog, released <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Press-Note-28Nov2018.pdf">a back-dated series of GDP data</a>, sparking a huge outcry, India’s growth numbers have once again come under the scanner. The current system of GDP calculation, which <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=115084">was introduced in 2015,</a> uses numbers from a database of Indian companies, MCA-21 - which is compiled by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). However, as per a report <a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/new-gdp-series-faces-fresh-questions-after-nsso-discovers-holes-1557250830351.html">by Mint</a>, a study by India’s survey office, National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), found that 15% of the companies in the database were either inactive or untraceable while another 21% were incorrectly classified. The study, which was focussed on the services sector, extended from June 2016 to June 2017. The companies in question had been designated as “active” by the MCA. To be deemed active, a firm has to have filed tax returns at least once in the last three years. The MCA-21 database isn’t public. Hence, the existence of “ghost firms” or shell companies likely pushed GDP numbers during the <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> administration’s tenure upwards. The findings of the NSSO study once again call into question the accuracy of India’s GDP data. When the government released the back-dated series of GDP in November last year, the numbers raised quite a few eyebrows as it showed that growth under the previous <keyword id="1575" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Congress">Congress</keyword> government between 2004-05 and 2013-14<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms"> was less than what the current BJP-led administration</a> has achieved over the last four years. At the time, the government justified the move by saying the revised data took into account wider changes in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy as well as different data sources and methods of calculation. In March 2019, 108 economists and social scientists in India and abroad<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/108-economists-and-academics-just-asked-the-indian-government-to-stop-interfering-with-economic-data/articleshow/68420732.cms"> signed a joint letter</a> that decried the political interference in India’s statistical institutions like the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and NSSO. The joint statement also cited the government’s concealment of its <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-hidden-jobs-survey-in-india-casts-doubt-on-data-integrity-under-narendra-modi-government/articleshow/67750383.cms">most recent jobs report</a> - the Periodic <keyword id="1830313" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Labour-Force-Survey">Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) - owing to <a href="https://scroll.in/latest/911462/unemployment-was-at-45-year-high-after-note-ban-shows-centres-buried-report-business-standard">its unfavourable findings</a>. In fact, the only non-government appointed members of the National Statistical Commission resigned from the body at the end of January owing to the shelving of data. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms">India’s BJP-led government has released a set of revised GDP data that dramatically reduces growth during the previous administration’s tenure</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-hidden-jobs-survey-in-india-casts-doubt-on-data-integrity-under-narendra-modi-government/articleshow/67750383.cms">Modi government has a hidden jobs report — say two independent bureaucrats who just quit</a>

A big chunk of companies in India's GDP calculation don't exist: Report

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/527cf34e69beddee5165991b-960/char-18.jpg"></a><a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/fredgraph.png?g=of7">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis</a></div></div>The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-october-jobs-report-2013-11">October jobs report is out</a>, and the numbers - while noisy due to the government shutdown - were generally strong.
But some uninformed skeptics are already freaking out about the <keyword id="990594" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="labor-force">labor force</keyword> participation rate (LFPR), which plunged to 62.8% from 63.2% a month ago. During the period, a whopping 720,000 people apparently dropped out of the labor force.
The falling participation rate - which comes from the BLS's household survey - has helped bring the unemployment rate - which also comes from the household survey - fall during the economic recovery.
For now, the drop in the the LFPR should be seen as a temporary symptom of the shutdown and not a major shift in the labor market. Capital Economics' Paul Ashworth explains:
Apparently, the near three-week Federal government shutdown had little, if any, impact on payrolls. Manufacturing increased by a healthy 19,000, construction increased by 11,000 and retail increased by 44,000. Federal employment fell by a modest 12,000, because those workers affected by the shutdown received their back pay when they returned, which means they were counted as employed in the establishment survey.
In contrast, the alternative household survey defines employment slightly differently and, as a result, those Federal workers were not counted as employed or in the labour force. That explains the 720,000 drop in the labour force and the 735,000 decline in the household survey measure of employment. As a result, the unemployment rate ticked up to 7.3%, from 7.2%, and the participation rate plummeted to 62.8%, from 63.2%. With those Federal employees back at work now, however, all of this will be reversed in November's report.
Now, if these numbers don't reverse, then we'll actually have something to talk about.

The Labor Force Participation Rate Tanked - Here's The Not-So-Scary Reason Why

<ul><li>The only non-government appointed members of the National Statistical Commission have quit.</li><li>The resigning members allege that <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> government has withheld key employment data.</li><li>The undisclosed report would have been India’s first official survey on employment in 2 years.</li></ul> Two independent members of a commission created to add credibility to India’s economic data have stepped down. On January 29th, Chairman PC Manohan and JV Meenakshi - the only external members of India’s National Statistics Commission, a body under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation - resigned well before the end of their terms scheduled <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/present-composition-nsc">in June next year</a>. The body only comprises government appointees - Niti Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant and Chief Statistician Pravin Srivastava. Their reasons for resigning? They did not like the way the government shelved their data. An official employment survey done in 2017-18 was vetted by the Commission and is due to be published. But the government has chosen not to make it public. Sources told <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/nsc-members-feel-sidelined-by-govt-resign-on-row-over-jobs-gdp-data-119012901079_1.html">Business Standard </a>that the labour force survey had been approved in December 2018, but had been withheld from public because the government did not like the findings. The <keyword id="11018" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jobs">jobs</keyword> data, surveyed by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), would have put to rest an escalated debate on the number of jobs created, which has been the Achilles heel for the Modi government. The <a href="https://www-firstpost-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.firstpost.com/business/indias-missing-employment-data-we-arent-better-off-as-a-nation-living-in-the-dark-about-job-scenario-4381419.html/amp?usqp=mq331AQCCAE%3D&amp;_js_v=0.1#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;_tf=From%20%251%24s&amp;ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Findias-missing-employment-data-we-arent-better-off-as-a-nation-living-in-the-dark-about-job-scenario-4381419.html">last time</a> India released an official labour survey was in 2016, which showed that <keyword id="6358907" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="unemployment">unemployment</keyword> had risen to a five-year high to 5%. Periodic employment surveys from the NSSO, which were discontinued in 2012, were <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/J0BRzNjeZdGQRvItX3HWjM/Solving-the-mystery-of-missing-employment-data-in-the-Indian.html">deemed</a> as the most authoritative source on India’s unemployment picture, followed by the annual surveys conducted by the country’s labour bureau. All other job data proxies are said to be at best a reflection of under 10% to 25% of the country’s labour force, according to a Mint report in 2018. The administration has been sparring with its critics for months now dismissing the charge that the government has not been able to create jobs in the country, despite what the overall economic growth might be. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), an independent think tank, recently found that <a href="https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&amp;dt=2019-01-08%2009:28:37&amp;msec=666">11 million</a> domestic jobs were lost in 2018, 9.1 million of which were in rural areas, as unemployment reached a 15-month high of 7.4% at the end of December. Most of the jobs were for unskilled workers, indicating a hit to the most vulnerable members of the workforce, according to the CMIE. In fact, in September last year, Mahesh Vyas, the CEO of CMIE, said that over <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/cmies-mahesh-vyas-says-3-5-million-jobs-lost-due-to-demonetisation-5357295/">3.5 million jobs </a>were lost in the wake of demonetisation in November 2016, in addition to the exodus of 15 million people from the workforce. However, the government cited data from the Employee Provident Fund Organisation -- which runs the retirement benefits fund-- to say that it had created <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/over-18-million-new-jobs-in-15-months-to-november-2018-cso/articleshow/67697413.cms">18 million jobs</a> over the last 15 months. Critics of the Modi government argue that the EPFO data at best shows the level of formal employment, whereas <a href="https://www.newsclick.in/nearly-81-indias-employed-population-informal-economy">81% </a>of India’s workforce is in the informal sector where there are no retirement benefits. The jobs data is only one of the concerns raised by the independent members of the <keyword id="65834" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="NSC">NSC</keyword> who stepped down. They also reportedly complained against the government’s release <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms">of back-series GDP data </a>in November without taking their inputs into consideration. The back-series data was particularly controversial because it dramatically reduced the growth rate achieved during the preceding Congress administration’s tenure. The report was released ahead of the state polls in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Speaking to Business Standard, Pronab Sen, India's former chief statistician, said that the resignation of Manohan and Meenakshi was "entirely appropriate", given that the NSC is meant to add credibility to data released by the government. Rivals have charged the government for not respecting institutional autonomy. While critics wonder how bad the jobs data might be, for the government to put it aside without explanation. Now, the Modi government has a monumental task of reassuring its voters and the world that the data released from India is credible. One of the ways to do it is to release the jobs data catching dust on the government shelves. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-bjp-led-government-has-released-a-set-of-revised-gdp-data-that-dramatically-reduces-growth-during-the-previous-administrations-tenure/articleshow/66861828.cms">India’s BJP-led government has released a set of revised GDP data that dramatically reduces growth during the previous administration’s tenure</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-resignation-of-the-governor-of-indias-central-bank-sends-a-clear-indication-about-the-erosion-of-institutional-autonomy-under-the-modi-administration/articleshow/67040287.cms">The resignation of the governor of India’s central bank sends a clear indication about the erosion of institutional autonomy under the Modi administration</a>

Modi government has a hidden jobs report — say two independent bureaucrats who just quit

<ul><li><keyword id="3080230" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gig-economy">Gig economy</keyword>, which constitutes for over 1.4 million working professionals in India, has added 40,000 more women gig workers, according to an ET report. </li><li>According to Employment Outlook Report by TeamLease Services, the total number of women gig workers in India stands at 67,900. </li><li>The wage bracket of such employees ranges from ₹15,000 to ₹30,000.</li></ul>More women are finding work, thanks to the increasing gig economy but they are being paid less, widening the gender parity. India’s 1.4 million strong gig economy added 40,000 women this year, according to an <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/women-bag-frontline-roles-in-gig-economy-but-lag-behind-in-wages/articleshow/70442660.cms?from=mdr">ET report.</a> But, they are making 10% less than men. On an average, women make an average of ₹15,000 to ₹30,000 per month in the newly emerging gig economy. According to Employment Outlook Report by TeamLease Services, the total number of women gig workers in India stands at 67,900 — including employees at delivery hubs and fulfillment centres. In 2017, the percentage of women in salaried jobs stood at nearly 52%, as per the data by <a href="http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf"> Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18</a>. Startup Hiring Food-tech and <keyword id="35621" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="e-commerce">e-commerce</keyword> players such as Uber, Ola, <keyword id="830092" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Zomato">Zomato</keyword> and Swiggy, account for nearly 90% of the total gig workers in India. It includes workforce that is remotely managed by online platforms. Walmart owned e-commerce platform Flipkart has around 300 women working at sorting centres, packaging and in charge of hubs. Flipkart offers the best wages and provides for safety and health at workplace for gig workers in India, as per <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/in-india-flipkart-tops-the-fairness-quotient-for-gig-economy-workers-report/articleshow/68593359.cms">Oxford Internet Institute</a>. It is followed by food delivery platform Foodpanda, cab services platform Ola and Uber. Food aggregators like Swiggy and Zomato too have female delivery partners, thanks to flexible working hours. Swiggy has over 700 women employees at its delivery hubs while Zomato has 500 all across. E-commerce platform Amazon has nearly 1,200 women employees in operational and managerial roles. India is the fifth largest country in terms of growth in flexi staff — which includes leased employees, contractual workers and temps hired from agencies. The country added nearly 1.2 million flexi workers in the last three years. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/in-india-flipkart-tops-the-fairness-quotient-for-gig-economy-workers-report/articleshow/68593359.cms">In India, Flipkart tops the ‘fairness’ quotient for gig economy workers: Report</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/6-million-indians-will-be-in-the-gig-economy-within-two-years-thats-nearly-twice-the-current-size/articleshow/69854133.cms">6 million Indians will be in the gig economy within two years -- that's nearly twice the current size</a>

Gig economy added 40,000 new women workers, but at low wages

New Delhi, In a bid to encourage more women in the workforce, the Economic Survey for 2020-21 has suggested support for female workers in terms of child care facilities, family-friendly work environment along with equality in salary and career progression. The survey tabled by the <keyword id="25455" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="finance">Finance</keyword> Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in the <keyword id="6354721" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="parliament">Parliament</keyword> on Friday, said that in order to incentivise more women to join into the labour force, investment in institutional support to affordable and quality child care facilities, paid paternal leave, family-friendly work environment, and support for elderly care needs to be made. "There is also a need to promote non-discriminatory practices at the workplace like pay and career progression, improve work incentives, including other medical and social security benefits for female workers," it said. The document said that the labour force participation rate (LFPR) of females in the productive age (15-59 years) was 26.5 per cent in 2018-19, as compared to 80.3 per cent for males (rural and urban). While 54.7 per cent of urban women were employed in the regular wage/salaried category, about 59.6 per cent of rural females were not only self-employed but 37.9 per cent among them were helpers in household enterprises. The low female LFPR is attributed to high participation of women (15 years and above) in domestic duties, that is 55.7 per cent in rural areas and 59.1 per cent in urban areas in 2018-19.

Economic Survey suggests incentives, equal pay for female employees

Believe it or not but gender discrimination is still prevalent at workplaces. As per a survey by staffing services firm TeamLease, <keyword id="46431" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="India-Inc">India Inc</keyword> remains reluctant to integrate women into workforce and over 72 per cent of women feel that gender discrimination is prevalent at workplaces. 
 
The survey stated that the under-representation of women in workforce is due to stereotypical choice of higher education. 
Over 61 per cent of women choose non-professional courses, reducing their chance to get gainful employment opportunities. 
 
"Women are severely under-represented in most well-paying sectors and, at the same time, they are disproportionately well-represented in subsistence-income occupations such as care and agriculture," the survey found out. 
 
From a sectoral perspective, women participation leaves a lot to be desired, though BFSI and software are better-off with 6 per cent and 5 per cent representation at senior management roles, respectively. 
 
Manufacturing, and engineering and auto in particular put up a dismal show. 
 
"Globally, employers are taking quick strides towards diversifying their workforce. We are confident these initiatives will seep into India also where diversity initiatives could potentially have the biggest impact as recent studies suggest (a link) to the economic performance of a country," TeamLease Services Senior Vice-President Rituparna Chakraborty said. 
 
India is estimated to add 16-60 per cent to its national income if women join the labour force in a proportionate measure. 
 The report also punctures the myth surrounding urban <keyword id="6359149" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="working-women">working women</keyword> as the workforce participation of rural women is far higher than urban women. 
 
While only 20 per cent of women from urban areas entered the workforce, women constituted 30 per cent of workers in rural areas, the report said, adding "most urban, educated, women willy-nilly desist from joining the labour force because of patriarchal taboos". 
 
The report said while organisations perceived initiatives like flexi time, leadership training, sexual harassment policies etc to be a game changer, a majority of women employees felt these policies required greater boost.

At least 72% women feel gender bias in workplaces! Is bridging the gap only on papers?

<ul><li><keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> does not feature in the list of the 10 countries to have the best conditions for working women. </li><li>Over 90% of the 10 million job job lost last year were reported by women according to CMIE.</li></ul>The female <keyword id="7446716" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Workforce-in-India">workforce in India</keyword> has seen a striking decline over the years. Only a quarter of women who can work, are working, as per periodic labour force survey (PLFS) data published by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). India has a significantly low female labour participation rate (LFPR)-- the percentage of working age women who are employed, or are available to work. This is at 23% in 2017-2018, which came down from 31% in 2011-12. Unsurprisingly, India is behind nine others in terms of the lowest proportion of working women, the data says. It also does not feature in the list of the 10 countries which have the best conditions for working women. Ireland, Sweden, New Zealand are amongst those which occupied the coveted spots. Those who were working did not have it easy either. Over 90% of the 10 million jobs lost last year were<a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-women-jobs/from-farms-to-slums-indian-women-on-sharp-end-of-jobs-crisis-idINKCN1R1073"> reported by women,</a> according to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). The women working in the informal sector are going through job crisis, said a <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-women-jobs/from-farms-to-slums-indian-women-on-sharp-end-of-jobs-crisis-idINKCN1R1073">Reuters report.</a> Fewer women managers According to media reports, Asia and the Pacific had the lowest percentage of women in managerial positions, at 24%. For other continents, including Europe, this number is at 70.8%. What is worse is that educated women are failing to contribute to the economy. Women<a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/union-budget-2019-millions-of-women-are-dropping-out-of-work-heres-how-indias-first-full-time-woman-finance-minister-can-stop-it-2182263.html"> constitute 42% of graduates </a>in the country but only 24 percent of them turn up as entry-level professionals. This curve tapers sharply at the top. The number of women at senior management role is as low as 10%. As a result, a miniscule 1% of women occupy CEO-level positions. According to the <a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/union-budget-2019-millions-of-women-are-dropping-out-of-work-heres-how-indias-first-full-time-woman-finance-minister-can-stop-it-2182263.html">Ministry of Corporate Affairs,</a> 21% of publicly listed companies do not adhere to the mandate of appointing women directors to the board.

You Searched For "Labour Force Survey" and got 13 results

More women are drawing salaries in India but the gender pay gap persists

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Nearly 93% of the population in India lacks vocational and technical skills: Report

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India's urban unemployment rate dips to 7.6% in the April-June quarter

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108 economists and academics just asked the Indian government to stop interfering with economic data

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Unemployment in India highest among urban youth, says government data

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A big chunk of companies in India's GDP calculation don't exist: Report

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The Labor Force Participation Rate Tanked - Here's The Not-So-Scary Reason Why

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Modi government has a hidden jobs report — say two independent bureaucrats who just quit

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Gig economy added 40,000 new women workers, but at low wages

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Economic Survey suggests incentives, equal pay for female employees

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At least 72% women feel gender bias in workplaces! Is bridging the gap only on papers?

BI India Bureau

A large section of women are vanishing from the workforce in India

BI India Bureau

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