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“Ye le beta, humare khaandani sone ke gehne. Ise girvi rakhva de, shayad kuch paise aa jaye ghar main.” How many times have we seen similar dialogues repeat itself in Bollywood films of the 70s and 80s—abject poverty and a frail-looking old mother pleading to her son to pawn the family’s heirloom gold ornaments to a jeweller, all to get a few bucks? Well, if you’d ask that son in 2024, he’d rather hit the loan button on his <keyword id="105386" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Demat-account" source="Orion">Demat account</keyword> than pawn his mother’s gold jewellery. Given how Indians are rapidly resorting to taking loans against their investments in shares and mutual funds, these might as well be a cherished family heirloom in today’s time. Fair warning though; it's not as if gold and loans against it are going down in India’s lending scene. It's very much the opposite, shining brighter than ever! The secured loan category is having its time in the spotlight, and people are certainly looking beyond land and property to get their hands on some extra monies! But what is funding the steep rise behind these loans? And are they as failsafe and secure as they’re made out to be? We decode for you in this week’s Simply Put. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">The great Indian pawning party</h2>Pawning one’s gold has been, by far, the OG Indian financial move to get a loan. That continues well into 2024, and apparently, more so when India decides to wed and celebrate! Data from <keyword id="30067" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI" source="Orion">RBI</keyword> suggests that the outstanding amount on gold loans has swelled from Rs 85,009 crore in September 2022 to Rs 1,47,081 crore in September 2024. It looks like Gold took the motto of rise and shine too seriously! Table 1: Growth in gold loans <table class="redcator-table-advance" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6em; box-shadow: none; width: 468pt; font-family: Merriweather; table-layout: fixed; padding-bottom: 10px !important; background-image: inherit !important; background-position: inherit !important; background-size: inherit !important; background-repeat: inherit !important; background-attachment: inherit !important; background-origin: inherit !important; background-clip: inherit !important;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Year </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Amount (In Rs crore) </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">September 2022 </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">85,009 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">March 2023 </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">89,370 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">September 2023 </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">97,426 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">March 2024 </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">1,02,562 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">September 2024 </td><td style="border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 5pt; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;">1,47,081 </td></tr></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody></table> Source: RBI data While the world continues to be riled up in multiple geopolitical crises in 2024, gold has been making merry of these tough times. Thus far this year, <keyword id="3886593" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="domestic-gold" source="Orion">domestic gold</keyword> prices have grown by 23%, outperforming benchmark indices like Nifty and Sensex by a mile, which have gone up by 9.85% and 8.86%, respectively. The growth in gold loan disbursal rates month on month this year could also put Nifty and Sensex’s growth to shame. In just September 2024, gold loans grew an astounding 51%, up from 40.9% in August, 30.5% in June, and just 14.8% in March. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Hey, wait up for me, says LAS</h2>In lockstep with the elder, gold loan sibling, advances against shares and bonds have also been inching up since 2022. Data from RBI (Reserve Bank of India) notes that as of September 2022, the outstanding quantum of loans that were taken against shares (LAS) and bonds stood at Rs 7,397.94 crores. This inched up to Rs 7,764 crore in September 2023. Come 2024, and it looked like this was LAS’ time to shine. Loans swiftly skyrocketed, with outstanding loans in this category going up from Rs 8,492 crore in March 2022 to a staggering Rs 9,546 crore at the end of September 2024. Naturally, the smoke of LAS has its fire in the record inflows that Indians are pouring into the stock market and mutual funds month on month. Per AMFI (<keyword id="134904" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Association-of-Mutual-Funds-in-India" source="Orion">Association of Mutual Funds in India</keyword>), the net AUM (assets under management) of India’s mutual fund industry grew to Rs 67,25,614.61 crores in October 2024, up from Rs 67,09,259.24 crores in September 2024. Even the number of retail mutual fund folios, which include equity, hybrid, and solution-oriented mutual funds, burgeoned to 17,23,52,296 in October, as compared to 16,81,61,366 in September. The same goes for stock investments in India, where the number of new demat accounts that are added every month just simply refuses to climb down. As of last month, total demat accounts in the country stood at 17.9 crore, which is more than the entire population of full-fledged nations like Japan (12.45 crore), Russia (14.38 crore), and Bangladesh (17.3 crore). In fact, since February this year, the monthly growth of LAS has been hitting double digits. From 11.3% in March to 21.6% in May to 26.8% in August, growth in LAS has been exceptional, hitting 22.9% in September this year. For context, monthly growth in the LAS segment was at a mere 5% in September 2023. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">What's driving the growth?</h2>It's a win-win for both the bank and the customer. Customers love them because LAS is available at a lower interest rate compared to unsecured personal loans. You can get a loan at an interest rate of anywhere between 9 and 12% by pledging your gold, MF units, or shares. Compare this to over 10-28% rates, which is the range where unsecured personal loans charge interest. Banks love <keyword id="827883" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Secured-Loans" source="Orion">secured loans</keyword> since they are well-secured. In case you default on paying back, the bank can sell off your gold, shares, or mutual fund units to recover the amount. This takes a lot of stress off the banks, which are already dealing with secured loans’ riskier sibling-<keyword id="947940" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="unsecured-lending" source="Orion">unsecured lending</keyword>. High NPAs (non-performing assets) and non-payments in the unsecured borrowing space have already put RBI on red alert, which is why the apex bank is tightening the screws on unsecured lending, which was well on its way to becoming a ticking time bomb. As a result, credit growth has moderated to 12.8% YoY in October, as against the 19.3% rise recorded in the year-ago period. Yet it's not like the banks won't feel the heat. Analysts at Nomura note that <keyword id="23954457" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="personal-loan-delinquencies" source="Orion">personal loan delinquencies</keyword> in India that have been overdue by over 90 days rose to 5.1% in the last financial year, as opposed to just 3.9% in the year prior. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">How does it work?</h2>Both these loans work on a similar principle: Your <keyword id="857141" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="loan-amount" source="Orion">loan amount</keyword> is equal to a certain percentage of the actual market value of your asset. This is known as the LTV (loan-to-value ratio). In the case of gold and debt mutual funds, RBI mandates that this LTV be about 75-80%. So, for every Rs 100 of gold or debt mutual fund unit you pledge, your maximum loan amount cannot exceed Rs 80. If you pledge gold, which has a market value of Rs 10 lakh, you can take a loan of up to Rs 8,00,000. In the case of shares and mutual fund units, this limit is set at 50%. So, your shares worth Rs 5,00,000 can only get you a loan worth Rs 2,50,000. But the bright side? You can continue earning returns on your investments and pay interest only on the amount you use, since this loan works as an overdraft facility. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Super safe, you say?</h2>Interest rates on both of these loans are very much dependent on the market value of the asset, which wildly fluctuates on a day-to-day basis. So, in case the value of your asset falls, you’ll have to keep a margin or more of the same asset in order to continue with the loan and maintain the LTV balance. Failure to do so could mean the bank can even sell off your asset. Says financial planner Nema Chaya Buch. “Yes, LAS offers easy availability of funds since these loans come with a lower interest rate as compared to personal loans. Also, you continue to earn average returns of 10–13% on your equity investments. But the downside is, in case of emergency, those pledged securities cannot be sold. Also, if the equity market goes down, then the bank may ask for additional collateral. Raghvendra Nath, MD, Ladderup Wealth Management notes that taking a LAS is best when the value of your securities has appreciated significantly. “This allows you to maximize the loan amount based on your collateral while also addressing financial needs without having to liquidate your investment portfolio. However, there are notable disadvantages to consider. The market risk is significant; a substantial decline in market value could lead to margin calls, which may incur fees and charges if there are delays or prepayments, ultimately increasing the effective cost of borrowing. Furthermore, failure to make timely payments could result in the loss of your assets.”. Umesh Mohanan, ED &amp; CEO, of Indel Money, cautions that one should have a sufficient quantity of gold to get the loan amount one wants. "According to the current RBI rules, the loan applicant/borrower can draw up to 75% of the total market value of the collateral/gold jewellery. So, always carry a sufficient quantity of gold based on one’s loan requirement. “The most important thing is that the valuation of the gold depends on the purity of the gold. If the borrower pledges gold with higher purity, such as 24 carats or 22 carats, he will get the maximum loan amount," he adds.

Secured Loans 2.0 — why more and more Indians are turning to gold, shares and mutual funds to get loans

<div type="image" title="Data from RBI suggests that the outstanding amount on gold loans has swelled from Rs 85,009 crore in September 2022 to Rs 1,47,081 crore in September 2024." msid="115250619" hostid="261" sizebytes="118350" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data from RBI suggests that the outstanding amount on gold loans has swelled from Rs 85,009 crore in September 2022 to Rs 1,47,081 crore in September 2024.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “Ye le beta, humare khaandani sone ke gehne. Ise girvi rakhva de, shayad kuch paise aa jaye ghar main.” How many times have we seen similar dialogues repeat itself in Bollywood films of the 70s and 80s—abject poverty and a frail-looking old mother pleading to her son to pawn the family’s heirloom <keyword id="18712" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gold" source="Orion">gold</keyword> ornaments to a jeweller, all to get a few bucks? Well, if you’d ask that son in 2024, he’d rather hit the loan button on his <keyword id="19977340" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="demat" source="keywords">Demat</keyword> account than pawn his mother’s gold jewellery. Given how Indians are rapidly resorting to taking loans against their investments in shares and mutual funds, these might as well be a cherished family heirloom in today’s time. Fair warning though; it's not as if gold and loans against it are going down in India’s lending scene. It's very much the opposite, shining brighter than ever! The secured loan category is having its time in the spotlight, and people are certainly looking beyond land and property to get their hands on some extra monies! But what is funding the steep rise behind these loans? And are they as failsafe and secure as they’re made out to be? We decode for you in this week’s Simply Put. <h2>The great Indian pawning party</h2>Pawning one’s gold has been, by far, the OG Indian financial move to get a loan. That continues well into 2024, and apparently, more so when India decides to wed and celebrate! Data from <keyword id="19899808" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rbi" source="keywords">RBI</keyword> suggests that the outstanding amount on gold loans has swelled from Rs 85,009 crore in September 2022 to Rs 1,47,081 crore in September 2024. It looks like Gold took the motto of rise and shine too seriously! Table 1: Growth in gold loans <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;" class="redcator-table-advance"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Year </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Amount (In Rs crore) </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">September 2022 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">85,009 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">March 2023 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">89,370 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">September 2023 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">97,426 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">March 2024 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1,02,562 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">September 2024 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1,47,081 </td></tr></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody></table> Source: RBI data While the world continues to be riled up in multiple geopolitical crises in 2024, gold has been making merry of these tough times. Thus far this year, domestic gold prices have grown by 23%, outperforming benchmark indices like Nifty and Sensex by a mile, which have gone up by 9.85% and 8.86%, respectively. The growth in gold loan disbursal rates month on month this year could also put Nifty and Sensex’s growth to shame. In just September 2024, gold loans grew an astounding 51%, up from 40.9% in August, 30.5% in June, and just 14.8% in March. <h2>Hey, wait up for me, says <keyword id="23953567" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="las" source="keywords">LAS</keyword></h2>In lockstep with the elder, gold loan sibling, advances against shares and bonds have also been inching up since 2022. Data from RBI (Reserve Bank of India) notes that as of September 2022, the outstanding quantum of loans that were taken against shares (LAS) and bonds stood at Rs 7,397.94 crores. This inched up to Rs 7,764 crore in September 2023. Come 2024, and it looked like this was LAS’ time to shine. Loans swiftly skyrocketed, with outstanding loans in this category going up from Rs 8,492 crore in March 2022 to a staggering Rs 9,546 crore at the end of September 2024. Naturally, the smoke of LAS has its fire in the record inflows that Indians are pouring into the stock market and mutual funds month on month. Per AMFI (<keyword id="20090034" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="association-of-mutual-funds" source="keywords">Association of Mutual Funds</keyword> in India), the net AUM (assets under management) of India’s mutual fund industry grew to Rs 67,25,614.61 crores in October 2024, up from Rs 67,09,259.24 crores in September 2024. Even the number of retail mutual fund folios, which include equity, hybrid, and solution-oriented mutual funds, burgeoned to 17,23,52,296 in October, as compared to 16,81,61,366 in September. The same goes for stock investments in India, where the number of new demat accounts that are added every month just simply refuses to climb down. As of last month, total demat accounts in the country stood at 17.9 crore, which is more than the entire population of full-fledged nations like Japan (12.45 crore), Russia (14.38 crore), and Bangladesh (17.3 crore). In fact, since February this year, the monthly growth of LAS has been hitting double digits. From 11.3% in March to 21.6% in May to 26.8% in August, growth in LAS has been exceptional, hitting 22.9% in September this year. For context, monthly growth in the LAS segment was at a mere 5% in September 2023. <h2>What's driving the growth?</h2>It's a win-win for both the bank and the customer. Customers love them because LAS is available at a lower interest rate compared to unsecured personal loans. You can get a loan at an interest rate of anywhere between 9 and 12% by pledging your gold, MF units, or shares. Compare this to over 10-28% rates, which is the range where unsecured personal loans charge interest. Banks love <keyword id="827883" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="secured-loans" source="Orion">secured loans</keyword> since they are well-secured. In case you default on paying back, the bank can sell off your gold, shares, or mutual fund units to recover the amount. This takes a lot of stress off the banks, which are already dealing with secured loans’ riskier sibling-unsecured lending. High NPAs (non-performing assets) and non-payments in the unsecured borrowing space have already put RBI on red alert, which is why the apex bank is tightening the screws on unsecured lending, which was well on its way to becoming a ticking time bomb. As a result, credit growth has moderated to 12.8% YoY in October, as against the 19.3% rise recorded in the year-ago period. Yet it's not like the banks won't feel the heat. Analysts at Nomura note that personal loan delinquencies in India that have been overdue by over 90 days rose to 5.1% in the last financial year, as opposed to just 3.9% in the year prior. <h2>How does it work?</h2>Both these loans work on a similar principle: Your loan amount is equal to a certain percentage of the actual market value of your asset. This is known as the <keyword id="20051485" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ltv" source="keywords">LTV</keyword> (loan-to-value ratio). In the case of gold and debt mutual funds, RBI mandates that this LTV be about 75-80%. So, for every Rs 100 of gold or debt mutual fund unit you pledge, your maximum loan amount cannot exceed Rs 80. If you pledge gold, which has a market value of Rs 10 lakh, you can take a loan of up to Rs 8,00,000. In the case of shares and mutual fund units, this limit is set at 50%. So, your shares worth Rs 5,00,000 can only get you a loan worth Rs 2,50,000. But the bright side? You can continue earning returns on your investments and pay interest only on the amount you use, since this loan works as an overdraft facility. <h2>Super safe, you say?</h2>Interest rates on both of these loans are very much dependent on the market value of the asset, which wildly fluctuates on a day-to-day basis. So, in case the value of your asset falls, you’ll have to keep a margin or more of the same asset in order to continue with the loan and maintain the LTV balance. Failure to do so could mean the bank can even sell off your asset. Says financial planner Nema Chaya Buch. “Yes, LAS offers easy availability of funds since these loans come with a lower interest rate as compared to personal loans. Also, you continue to earn average returns of 10–13% on your equity investments. But the downside is, in case of emergency, those pledged securities cannot be sold. Also, if the equity market goes down, then the bank may ask for additional collateral. Raghvendra Nath, MD, Ladderup Wealth Management notes that taking a LAS is best when the value of your securities has appreciated significantly. “This allows you to maximize the loan amount based on your collateral while also addressing financial needs without having to liquidate your investment portfolio. However, there are notable disadvantages to consider. The market risk is significant; a substantial decline in market value could lead to margin calls, which may incur fees and charges if there are delays or prepayments, ultimately increasing the effective cost of borrowing. Furthermore, failure to make timely payments could result in the loss of your assets.”. Umesh Mohanan, ED &amp; CEO, of Indel Money, cautions that one should have a sufficient quantity of gold to get the loan amount one wants. "According to the current RBI rules, the loan applicant/borrower can draw up to 75% of the total market value of the collateral/gold jewellery. So, always carry a sufficient quantity of gold based on one’s loan requirement. “The most important thing is that the valuation of the gold depends on the purity of the gold. If the borrower pledges gold with higher purity, such as 24 carats or 22 carats, he will get the maximum loan amount," he adds.

Simply Put: Secured Loans 2.0 — why more and more Indians are turning to gold, shares and mutual funds to get loans

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A millennial with a doctoral degree and over $250,000 in <keyword id="419611" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="student-loan" source="Orion">student loan</keyword> <keyword id="44647" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="debt" source="Orion">debt</keyword> said she can't find a job.</li><li>She's looking for business jobs while working in a healthcare role to help pay the bills.</li></ul>Over the last decade, A. <keyword id="23550886" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rasberry" source="keywords">Rasberry</keyword> has placed a great deal of value on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/student-loans/is-college-worth-it">higher education</a>. She's now come to regret it. Rasberry earned a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degree in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-ibm-accenture-dell-companies-no-longer-require-college-degrees-2023-3">business management</a> from <keyword id="23550889" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="saint-leo-university" source="keywords">Saint Leo University</keyword> in Florida. However, she said she's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/job-market-unemployment-rate-interest-rates-fed-cuts-outlook-economy-2024-9">struggled to find a job</a> in her field of study over the last four years. Additionally, she has over $250,000 in student loan debt, according to a document viewed by <keyword id="19935969" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="business-insider" source="keywords">Business Insider</keyword>. "I graduated with my doctoral degree in 2020 and can't find a job to save my life," the Virginia-based 38-year-old told Business Insider via email. She asked for partial anonymity, only using the first initial of her first name and her last name, due to privacy concerns. Since earning her doctoral degree, Rasberry has applied for various business management roles but had little success. She said she's been forced to expand her job search and explore a new career in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/travel-nurse-earning-187k-salary-degree-works-9-months-2023-4">nursing</a> to help her make ends meet. "I thought <keyword id="6355445" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="education" source="Orion">education</keyword> was the road to financial freedom," she said. "But I was wrong." Rasberry is among the Americans who are having a tough time <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/millennial-looking-job-cant-get-hired-college-degress-entry-level-2024-7">finding work</a>. In part, it's because businesses across the US have significantly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jobs-recent-college-grads-hiring-slowdown-unemployment-higher-than-population-2024-9">scaled back on hiring</a> over the past two years. The ratio of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cant-find-job-masters-degree-running-out-savings-gen-x-2024-9">job openings</a> to unemployed people — an indicator of job availability — has declined considerably. While the <a target="_blank" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UNRATE">unemployment rate</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/JTSLDR">layoff rate</a> remain low compared to historical levels, the hiring slowdown means that many job seekers are having a considerably harder time than they were a few years ago. Rasberry shared why she thinks her job search has been so challenging, how she made her career pivot, and her top piece of advice for people pursuing higher education. <h2>"Most organizations prefer experience over education"</h2>After receiving her doctorate degree, Rasberry's initial goal was to land an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/college-adjunct-professor-salary-not-enough-live-student-loan-debt-2024-6">adjunct professor</a> position. However, after speaking with people in the education field, she decided to change course. "I've learned how difficult it is to get started in the field," she said. "Essentially, after earning a doctoral degree, I would have to go back to school to take more courses to support a teaching career." She said she was told she'd specifically need more education-related credits. As a result, Rasberry said she decided to give up on teaching and focus on finding other roles in her area of study: business management. But her job search has been challenging. Rasberry said she hasn't landed many interviews, and that when she does — and gets turned down — she's had a hard time figuring out what went wrong. She said she's expanded her job search to non-managerial bookkeeping, accounting, tutoring, and human resources roles, but that she hasn't had much luck with these either. Rasberry said she thinks the biggest obstacle in her job search is her lack of work experience. While pursuing her degrees, she said she gained some entry-level work experience in banking, human resources, and bookkeeping roles. However, she thinks this experience might be insufficient in the eyes of employers. "I am over qualified for most entry-level positions but I am under qualified for management or leadership positions," she said. "Ultimately, my degree has been both a blessing and a curse." Rasberry said her top piece of advice for people who pursue higher education is to do your homework. Before she pursued her degrees, she said she wished she had spent more time evaluating her school's job placement programs, internship partnerships, and the employment rates of recent graduates across different fields. Additionally, she recommended taking time to think about the value of a college degree and the best ways to use it to land a job. "I learned most organizations prefer experience over education," she said. "Had I known that I would not have spent so many years in college." <h2>A healthcare job is helping to pay the bills during her job search</h2>In recent years, Rasberry said she's worked various part-time jobs to pay the bills. "It feels next to impossible to work a single job and earn enough money to cover essentials like rent, fuel, electricity, etc. in the state of Virginia," she said. One analysis found Virginia was the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-least-expensive-states-household-bills-hawaii-california-west-virginia-2024-6">13th-most expensive</a> state when it comes to overall cost-of-living. At the same time, she's also exploring another field: healthcare. Rasberry said that for roughly the past year, she'd been working as much as 80 hours a week as a direct care liaison. She said this involves reviewing the healthcare needs of patients and detailing the support they need. "I am new to nursing, but I find it rewarding and I like the shift flexibility," she said. Rasberry said she found a nursing role that provided free training and certification. However, she said the downside was that this certification wouldn't carry over to any other employers — limiting her opportunities in the industry. This is among the reasons she hasn't stopped applying for business-related jobs. Another reason is that she doesn't think she was paid particularly well in her direct care liaison role — she said she was earning $21.50 an hour. Despite the long hours, she said the low pay is why she didn't view it as a full-time job. "It doesn't come with full time pay," she said. In recent months, Rasberry said she began focusing more on looking for remote roles like the <keyword id="23550888" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="turbotax" source="keywords">TurboTax</keyword> opportunity. She said working remotely would make it easier to keep herhealthcare job, reduce her commuting costs, and care for her dog. Over the last month, Rasberry finally had some luck in the job market. She said she landed a remote plan consultant position in the nursing field that pays about $70,000 a year — equivalent to an hourly <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.gobankingrates.com/money/jobs/70000-a-year-is-how-much-an-hour/">rate</a> of over $30 an hour. While she views this as a positive development, she said she will "absolutely" continue searching for higher-paying roles in her field of study. "When I'm not working, I'm online, putting in applications for employment," she said. Correction: October 9, 2024 — An earlier version of this story misstated the type of degree Rasberry earned and her title. She earned a doctorate in business administration, not a Ph.D., and she's a care plan consultant, not a nurse.

A millennial with a doctoral degree and over $250k in student loan debt says she's been looking for a job for 4 years. She wishes she prioritized work experience over education.

India's <keyword id="22879519" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="organised-gold-loan-market" source="keywords">organised gold loan market</keyword> is projected to double in the next five years to Rs 14.19 lakh crore despite expected moderation in growth due to stricter regulations, according to a <keyword id="19938520" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="PwC-India" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="PwC India" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="PwC India">PwC India</keyword> report. In fiscal 2023-24, the organised <keyword id="21627536" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="gold-loan-market" source="keywords">gold loan market</keyword> demonstrated substantial growth, reaching a valuation of Rs 7.1 lakh crore, according to the report titled 'Striking gold: The rise of India's gold loan market' . "It is expected to reach around Rs 14.19 lakh crore by FY 2029 at a five-year CAGR of 14.85 %," it said. Indian families own massive quantities of gold, estimated at 25,000 tonne. Existing gold holdings with <keyword id="19895507" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-households" source="keywords">Indian households</keyword> are valued at roughly Rs 126 lakh crore, the report said. It further said the gold loan market is poised to see moderate growth over the next two years, as gold lenders are facing increased scrutiny from regulatory authorities regarding loan-to-value (LTV) maintenance and auction-related procedures. "The second-largest player in the gold loan market being inactive would have an impact on market growth in FY25," the report said. Also, the <keyword id="19899808" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rbi" source="keywords">RBI</keyword>'s advisory to <keyword id="19938300" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NBFCs" source="keywords">NBFCs</keyword> on cash disbursement, which limits the amount of cash disbursal to Rs 20,000, could push customers to rely on the unorganised sector. The regulator has also raised concerns about the evaluation process for lending activities through fintech startups. The increased regulatory scrutiny and revised guidelines have led to a dip in the share prices of leading NBFCs, PwC said. "Gold loan lenders are expected to use this period to ensure that they are compliant with all regulatory guidelines while undertaking several measures to optimise their middle and back offices through digitisation initiatives," it said. Lenders are also expected to implement cost optimisation initiatives that will help drive up the bottom-line profitability of their companies and enhance investor confidence which has slightly depleted as a result of the regulatory scrutiny. Furthermore, the report said rising gold prices over the past financial year may also drive lenders to take a cautious approach to lending rates and pricing as any downward movement in gold prices will result in a substantial LTV breach that will further create operational issues for lenders in the form of auctions. "The growth of the gold loan market is expected to be steered by both banks and NBFCs," the report said. The emergence of digital gold loan aggregator platforms and their strategic collaboration with gold loan lenders such as banks and NBFCs will be a key driving factor for the growth of the industry, enabling gold loan lenders to tap into a previously untapped segment of digitally savvy customers. "While the forecasted growth of the gold loan market means potential growth for all players, the impact on the players may vary. Banks are expected to benefit from their lower interest rates," PwC said. Jaikrishnan G, Partner (Financial Services), PwC India said lending against gold is the oldest form of credit. It remains one of the most attractive options for consumer as well as lenders. "High return-on-assets, manageable risk, timely regulatory interventions, growing adoption, tech-enabled operating models have all contributed to sector growth. As India embraces the vision of Viksit Bharat, gold loans will provide much needed liquidity and credit access to growing small and medium entrepreneur segments," he said. The report further said growth by NBFCs is expected to be fuelled by their expansion and increased outreach to regions with low penetration, bringing new credit customers to the financial services ecosystem. Also, fintechs will play a critical role in bringing in the required technology and innovation into the industry, thus helping lenders to create unique product propositions to boost growth, it said. <keyword id="20037818" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="South-India" source="keywords">South India</keyword> contributes to a vast extent, as it emerges as the dominant market for gold loans, with 79.1% share of the total outstanding loans. The report also noted that an assumption can be made that the entire Rs 126 lakh crore worth of gold will not be available for pledging due to various reasons like jewelry belonging to religious institutions, jewellery with emotional value, and certain jewellery held by individuals who are not in need of finance.

Gold loan market projected to double in 5 years to Rs 14.19 lakh crore, says PwC India's report

<keyword id="19922074" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reserve-Bank" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Reserve Bank" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Reserve Bank">Reserve Bank</keyword> Governor Shaktikanta Das on Thursday said surge in top-up <keyword id="21191532" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="housing-loans" source="keywords">housing loans</keyword> is not a system-wide issue but confined to few entities. Briefing media after the announcement of bi-monthly monetary policy review, Das said, "regulatory requirements in top-up housing loans are not being followed by certain entities and it is not a system-level problem." Such cases are being dealt at the supervisory level bilaterally, he said. Banks and <keyword id="19938300" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NBFCs" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="NBFCs" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="NBFCs">NBFCs</keyword> have also been offering top-ups on other collateralised loans like gold loans. "Such practices may lead to loaned funds being deployed in unproductive segments or for speculative purposes. Banks and NBFCs would, therefore, be well-advised to review such practices and take remedial action," he said. Therefore, he said, banks should adhere to regulatory prescriptions relating to loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, risk weights and monitoring of end use of funds with regard to top-ups. Das further said that the divergence between loan and deposit growth may create asset liability mismatch or <keyword id="22712997" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="liquidity-management-issue" source="keywords">liquidity management issue</keyword>. It may potentially expose the banking system to structural liquidity issues, he said. He urged banks to mobilise deposits through innovative products and services by leveraging their vast branch network. On inflation, Das said, it is moderating but the pace of disinflation is uneven and slow. Pinning hopes on monsoon, which is 7 per cent higher than long-term average so far, the Governor said, it will have a good impact on Kharif output as well as Rabi because of improvement in moisture content in the soil. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/ola-wants-to-re-enter-the-quick-commerce-business-to-take-on-blinkit-and-swiggy-instamart/articleshow/112364583.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/ola-wants-to-re-enter-the-quick-commerce-business-to-take-on-blinkit-and-swiggy-instamart/articleshow/112364583.cms" target="_blank">Ola wants to re-enter the quick commerce business to take on Blinkit and Swiggy Instamart</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/rbi-mpc-meet-cheque-clearing-time-reduced-upi-limit-increased-for-tax-payment/articleshow/112366099.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/rbi-mpc-meet-cheque-clearing-time-reduced-upi-limit-increased-for-tax-payment/articleshow/112366099.cms" target="_blank">RBI MPC meet – Cheque clearing time reduced, UPI limit increased for tax payment</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tata-curvv-ev-with-up-to-585-km-range-launched-starting-at-17-49-lakh/slidelist/112342769.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tata-curvv-ev-with-up-to-585-km-range-launched-starting-at-17-49-lakh/slidelist/112342769.cms" target="_blank">Tata Curvv EV with up to 585 km range launched starting at ₹17.49 lakh</a>

Surge in top-up housing loans not system-wide issue, says RBI Governor

India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd (IIFCL) on Wednesday reported a 44 per cent jump in standalone <keyword id="19942166" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="net-profit" source="keywords">net profit</keyword> to Rs 1,552 crore for the fiscal ended March 2024 aided by an increase in <keyword id="20107418" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lending" source="keywords">lending</keyword> and moderation in <keyword id="19936329" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bad-loans" source="keywords">bad loans</keyword>. The state-owned infrastructure finance company had earned a net profit of Rs 1,076 crore in the previous fiscal. The company recorded the <keyword id="20025887" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="highest-ever" source="keywords">highest-ever</keyword> profit, recovery, sanction and disbursement furthering turnaround performance that began three years ago, IIFCL managing director PR Jaishankar said while announcing annual financial numbers. He said, for the first time, the profit before tax has crossed Rs 2,000 crore. During the year, profit before tax has increased to Rs 2,029 crore as against Rs 1,076 crore in the previous year. The company continued to add value as its net worth increased 11 per cent to Rs 14,266 crore in 2023-24 from Rs 12,878 crore in the preceding fiscal. During the year, he said, the company posted record performance with the highest-ever sanctions and disbursements at Rs 42,309 crore and Rs 22,356 crore, respectively. The cumulative sanctions and disbursements stood at Rs 2.5 lakh crore and Rs 1.28 lakh crore, respectively, as of March 31, 2024. Going forward, he said, the company has significant scope to further improve loan growth and expects to grow at 16-18 per cent. To fund business growth, he said the company plans to raise over Rs 30,000 crore during the current financial year. With regard to asset quality, IIFCL has brought down gross Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) to 1.61 per cent from 4.76 per cent a year ago. The net NPA of the company too declined to 0.46 per cent from 1.41 per cent in the year-ago period. During the current year, he said, the net NPA would be either zero or nearly zero. The Provision Coverage Ratio (PCR) in the last fiscal increased to 71.51 per cent from 70.48 per cent, Jaishankar said. IIFCL has funded close to 760 infra projects worth Rs 14 lakh crore till March 2024. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/virat-kohli-backed-go-digit-ipo-subscription-opens-today-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/110137661.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/virat-kohli-backed-go-digit-ipo-subscription-opens-today-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/110137661.cms" target="_blank">Virat Kohli-backed Go Digit IPO subscription opens today — all you need to know</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tvs-iqube-gets-a-new-variant-priced-under-1-lakh-st-variant-gets-a-bigger-battery/articleshow/110121391.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tvs-iqube-gets-a-new-variant-priced-under-1-lakh-st-variant-gets-a-bigger-battery/articleshow/110121391.cms" target="_blank">TVS iQube gets a new variant priced under ₹1 lakh, ST variant gets a bigger battery</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/qualcomm-snapdragon-8s-gen-3-chipset-to-debut-in-india-with-the-poco-f6/articleshow/110115537.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/qualcomm-snapdragon-8s-gen-3-chipset-to-debut-in-india-with-the-poco-f6/articleshow/110115537.cms" target="_blank">Qualcomm Snapdragon 8s Gen 3 chipset to debut in India with the Poco F6</a>

IIFCL profit rises 44% to highest-ever of ₹1,552 crore in FY24

<ul><li>Proprietary analysis done by <keyword id="6365707" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ubs" source="Orion">UBS</keyword> shows that borrowers with more than five personal loans rose from 1% in 2018 to 7.7% in March 2023.</li><li>New disbursement of personal loans to borrowers with weaker credit profiles accounts for 22% of disbursements, which exposes this segment to a potential downcycle.</li><li>State-owned <keyword id="6368751" type="General" weightage="60" keywordseo="banks" source="Orion">banks</keyword> and non banking financial companies have a much higher share of weak borrowers compared to private banks. </li></ul> There’s a reason why lenders are luring consumers with multiple personal loans. In a bid to shore up loan books, lenders are indiscriminately lending to even those who cannot repay these loans. Raging <keyword id="22195" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="inflation" source="Orion">inflation</keyword> is not just burning a hole in the pockets of consumers. It is also impairing the ability of retail borrowers to repay their personal loans. In the aftermath of the pandemic, banks are in a better place when it comes to the headline figure on bad loans, but the defaults are rising sharply when it comes to personal loans that now account for more than 10% of outstanding loans for most banks. This is not good news for stock pickers or investors as profitability of lenders – public and some private – will come under pressure because many of these retail borrowers will default. This would lead to higher credit costs and higher provisions. Bank stocks have been rallying this year as at an aggregate level, the gross non performing assets of banks have hit decadal lows. Bank Nifty is now trading at 1.9x its price to book value, which is lower than its 10-year average of 2.2x. Pressure on net interest margins and higher credit costs to impact earnings of banks and shadow banks over FY24 and FY25. Shares of State Bank of India are down 4.4% in the last one month, while that of other private banks is down between 2-4%. While the Reserve Bank of India has been flagging off build up of stress in the retail loans segment, a deep dive into numbers is rather scary. According to analysis done by UBS, a global investment bank, shows that borrowers with more than five personal loans rose from 1% in 2018 to 7.7% in March 2023. Shockingly, new disbursement of personal loans to borrowers with weaker credit profiles accounts for 22% of disbursements, which exposes this segment to a potential downcycle. This is perhaps the reason why RBI is worried over rising stress in the retail loan portfolio of banks. Stress is clearly building up in the retail loan portfolio of leaders, which can be unsecured or secured. Secured loans are typically backed by some form of collateral like gold or property, while unsecured loans are backed by nothing. In June, RBI’s financial stability report said that one in every ten such retail borrowers is missing on making payments for such unsecured loans. The reason it is worrying is that these retail loans have doubled in value between 2021 and 2023 compared to total advances. In their bid to grow loan books, lenders are lending to consumers who are exhibiting their inability to repay such loans. Increasingly a lot of banks are now looking to issue unsecured loans to borrowers as they come with a higher interest rate. With corporates going easy on their borrowings, the retail credit boom has been the growth driver for most banks and non banks in India. According to analysts, state owned banks and non banking financial companies have a much higher share of weak borrowers compared to private banks. However, the stress in retail loans has been building since 2021. HDFC in January 2022 sold stressed retail loans worth Rs 2188 crore to asset reconstruction companies. Proprietary research done by UBS shows that unsecured loans as a percentage of total loans rose to 11.1% for State Bank of India, 12.8% for ICICI Bank and 10.7% for Axis Bank, but fell to 11.9% HDFC Bank (which merged with HDFC Limited) in June 2023. Says UBS in its report, “We believe the probability of regulators increasing the risk weight for personal loans is rising, and a 25% hike could lead to a 7- 40 bps drop in CET-1 ratios of banks we cover (SBI has a low buffer, in our view).” The financial stability report by RBI says "Although the gross non-performing ratio of retail loans at the system level was low at 1.4% as of March 2023, the share of 'special mention accounts' was relatively high at 7.4% for scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) and it accounted for a tenth of their retail assets portfolio," RBI said in the report.

Borrowers with multiple personal loans a big risk to profitability of banks and NBFCs

FHA loans: Requirements, pros and cons, and how to get one

<ul><li>Borrowers can get loans of up to 75% of the <keyword id="18712" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gold" source="Orion">gold</keyword>'s appraised value, as mandated by RBI regulations. </li><li>Before getting a <keyword id="130134" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gold-loan" source="Orion">gold loan</keyword>, it is crucial to research and compare various lenders in the market. </li><li>The choice of repayment tenure and frequency can significantly influence the interest rate on your gold loan. </li></ul>A gold loan is a secured loan where borrowers pledge their gold jewellery as <keyword id="125948" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="collateral" source="Orion">collateral</keyword>. It offers quick approval, minimal documentation, no credit checks, competitive interest rates, and flexible loan amounts based on the gold's value. Since a gold loan is a secured loan, the interest rates are lower than <keyword id="1548041" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="unsecured" source="Orion">unsecured</keyword> loans like personal loans. Interest rates on gold loans can vary between 8.5% to 11% per annum or more in some cases. Here are five essential tips to help you secure the best interest rates when applying for a loan against your gold jewellery. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Conduct thorough research" comment="Subhead" text="Conduct thorough research">Conduct thorough research</cmsannotation> Before getting a gold loan, it is crucial to research and compare various lenders in the market. Different financial institutions and lenders offer varying gold loan interest rates, so doing your research can save you a substantial amount of money in the long run. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Understanding loan- to- value ratio" comment="Subhead" text="Understanding loan- to- value ratio">Understanding loan- to- value ratio</cmsannotation> One of the most critical factors impacting gold loan interest rates is the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. This ratio determines how much money you can borrow against the value of your gold. Borrowers can get loans of up to 75% of the gold's appraised value, as mandated by RBI regulations. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Choose the right repayment plan" comment="Subhead" text="Choose the right repayment plan">Choose the right repayment plan</cmsannotation> The choice of repayment tenure and frequency can significantly influence the interest rate on your gold loan. Opting for a shorter repayment period with more frequent instalments can often lead to a lower interest rate. On the other hand, selecting a longer repayment plan with fewer payment intervals may result in a higher interest rate. You can choose to repay your interest on a monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or annual basis as per your convenience. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Monitor gold market prices" comment="Subhead" text="Monitor gold market prices">Monitor gold market prices</cmsannotation> Interest rates on gold loans can be affected by external factors unrelated to the loan itself. Keep a close eye on fluctuations in global gold prices, as they can impact interest rates. Generally, when the price of gold rises, interest rates tend to decrease, making loan repayment more manageable. Being aware of these market trends can help you time your gold loan application to secure the best interest rates. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Maintain a stable income" comment="Subhead" text="Maintain a stable income">Maintain a stable income</cmsannotation> Some lenders may request proof of your monthly income during the gold loan application process. Demonstrating a steady income source can work in your favour, as it shows your ability to repay the loan. This can lead to lenders offering you lower interest rates. However, many lenders do not require income proof for a gold loan application. In such cases, your KYC documents are sufficient. By understanding the loan-to-value ratio, selecting an appropriate repayment plan, monitoring gold market prices, and maintaining a stable income source, borrowers can increase their chances of securing favourable terms for their loan against gold. Keep these tips in mind to make the most out of your gold assets while securing the funds you need.

Getting a gold loan? Here is how to get the best interest rates

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="139790" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="book-value">Book value</keyword> and <keyword id="6463972" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="market-value">market value</keyword> are ways to evaluate a company. Book value is based on its balance sheet; market value on its share price.</li><li>If book value is higher than market value, it suggests an undervalued stock. If the book value is lower, it can mean an overvalued stock.</li><li>Book value and market value are best used in tandem when making investment decisions.</li></ul>Among the many measures that investors can evaluate companies, two tools are especially popular: book value and market value. Aside from the word "value" in their names, though, the pair have little in common.One is an objective approach that encompasses balance sheets and financial statements - a company's books. The other is a more subjective approach, which takes into account the sometimes irrational sentiments of the stock market.Despite these differences, or because of them, investors often set a company's book value and market value against each other to determine if the shares are overpriced or underpriced - and so whether the stock's a good deal or not.Let's compare the two metrics more closely.<h2>What is book value?</h2><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-book-value">Book value </a>can be looked at basically as a company's break-up value - the amount that the company would be worth if it were liquidated.Calculated from a company's balance sheet, it takes all the company's assets - physical things of value, from inventory and investments to equipment and real estate. It then subtracts intangible assets (copyrights, patents, intellectual property) and liabilities (like loans, taxes, and other debts). The formula for book value is:Book Value = Total Assets - Intangible Assets - LiabilitiesLet's say a company had total assets of $20 million, of which $5 million were intangible assets. Let's also say a company had liabilities of $8 million. The book value of the company would be $7 million: $20 million - $5 million - $8 million. Book value is best used with companies that have significant physical assets, such as manufacturers that own factories and plants, heavy machinery, and other equipment. It doesn't work as accurately for companies whose assets are primarily intangible assets, such as info-technology or digital firms, whose assets lie primarily in intellectual property - their formulas, systems, algorithms, etc.Book value alone is just a reflection of a company's equity - what it owns.To be used as an decision-making tool, it needs to be compared to a company's market value before an investor can determine whether to buy or sell a stock.<h2>What is market value?</h2>Market value is also known as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-market-cap">market capitalization</a>, is the value of all of a company's stock in the marketplace. It's what it would cost you if you were to buy up every one of its outstanding shares at the current share price.It can be calculated by multiplying the share price by the total number of shares that are trading.The formula for market value is:Market Value = Current Market Price Per Share x Total Shares OutstandingFor example, if the current stock price of Company ABC is $105 and the company has 80 million shares outstanding, its market value is $8.4 billion: $105 x 80 million.Market value can be a volatile figure. It changes throughout the day because a company's share price constantly fluctuates, as investors and traders buy and sell the stock.For the most part, though, the number doesn't change very drastically; it only happens if there is significant good news or bad news related to the company or to the industry in which it operates. Total shares outstanding almost never changes, only on rare occasions when company's enact stock buybacks or issue more shares of stock.<h2>Book value vs. market value</h2>The key differences between book value and market value include:<ul><li>What they're based on. Book value is a valuation of a company that takes into consideration hard financial figures: actual assets and liabilities. Market value is the valuation of a company based on its share price. Yes, that's a number, but it's a figure that fluctuates based on investor perceptions of the company, including such intangibles as proprietary software, artificial intelligence algorhythms, and future growth prospects. It is a way of sizing up a company by the value that investors put on it. </li><li>How up-to-date they are. One of the drawbacks of book value is that it can only be determined from a company's financial statements. As companies usually only report financial statements quarterly or annually, book value is not a readily available number and it is, therefore, a number that can change from one reporting period to the next without any insight into the interim period. Market value on the other hand is available every day throughout the day.</li><li>How understandable/accessible they are. Book value can be difficult to ascertain unless an investor makes an effort to understand how a company's accounting practices work: the type of depreciation used on assets, any claims on assets, and how creditors might sell them in liquidation. Book valuation can be subject to various accounting practices and tax law that can result in it being an adjustable figure. In contrast, market value is pretty transparent and easy to find - market cap figures for companies are typically a part of online stock listings and corporate profiles.</li><li>How accurate they are. Of course, figures can be manipulated, and value is to some extent in the eye of the beholder. Still, assuming everything is accurately reported, book value is an insightful number that can be an indicator of its financial health. But the market value of a company is one based on perception and is, therefore, not necessarily an accurate representation of its value. A company's stock price may be inflated or deflated for a variety of reasons, such as the announcement of an acquisition, a new product, or a lawsuit, without any real understanding of the true impact or ramifications of these events. The history of <keyword id="25455" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="finance">finance</keyword> is strewn with companies and sectors, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-stock-market-crash">like dotcom stocks in 2000</a>, that inflate in speculative bubbles based on news and rumors, only to come crashing down when investors realize their market value did not equate to their actual financial standing.</li></ul><h2>Comparing book value and market value </h2>You don't have to choose between using book value and market value. The real advantage for investors lies in comparing these values to one another for a specific company. If book value is higher than market value, it can mean an undervalued stock. If the book value is lower, it can mean an overvalued stock.So if the book value of a company is higher than its market value, it means that investors are not factoring in its actual financial fundamentals - the strength of its operations and balance sheet. It can mean a good opportunity to purchase a company's stock as its share price will most likely appreciate, once the market realizes the company's intrinsic strength. Conversely, if a company's market value is higher than its book value, it most often indicates a company that is overpriced, and whose actual worth does not live up to its perceived worth. This would be a good time to sell the stock or avoid buying it as most likely there will be a market correction, causing the share price to drop.If a company's market value is above its book value but starts to fall to eventually below its book value, it could indicate a loss of investor confidence in the company that has not yet been factored into its book value. <h2>The financial takeaway</h2>Book value and market value are two ways to value a company. Book value is based on a company's balance sheet while market value is based on a company's share price, which changes often due to stock market sentiment.Book value represents the financial strength of a company based on its assets, an objective number. In contrast, market value represents the attractiveness of a company's share in the marketplace, a somewhat more subjective number.Investors should use book value and market value in tandem when making investment decisions. Of course, just looking at the figures isn't enough. An investor needs to understand the rationale behind the numbers to make an educated stock pick.<h2>Related Coverage in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/investing-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Investing</a>:</h2><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-price-to-book-ratio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The price-to-book ratio is a way to determine if a company's stock price accurately reflects its financial value</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-pe-ratio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is the P/E ratio? An analytical tool that helps you decide if a stock is a good buy at its current price</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-large-cap-stock" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is a large-cap stock? It represents a $10 billion-plus company - and often low-risk, stable returns for investors</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-mid-cap-stock" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is a mid-cap stock? It means a company worth $2 to $10 billion - and often an ideal balance between growth and income for investors</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-small-cap-stock" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is a small-cap stock? A company worth under $2 billion with massive growth potential for investors</a></h3>

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