<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59cbf1ddc68d7b701c8b49ac-1105/dsc02712.jpg" alt="Harvey Mudd_class" data-mce-source="Tanza Loudenback/Business Insider" /><p class="source"><span>Tanza Loudenback/Business Insider</span></p><p class="caption">Harvey Mudd's president says the students and faculty work harder than anywhere else she's been.</p></div><p></p></div></div>As the Cold War was heating up, Harvey <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/harvey-mudd-most-expensive-college-in-america-2017-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mudd College in Claremont, California</a>, came into existence.</p><p>The tiny college welcomed its first incoming freshman class in 1957, in a world where atomic weapons were reality.</p><p>This fact <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/harvey-mudd-college-curriculum-computer-science-2017-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">drives the school's culture,</a> <span>Harvey Mudd President Maria Klawe told Business Insider.</span></p><p>Founding president Joe Platt's vision of the school was driven by the fact he thought scientists involved in the development of atomic weapons didn't consider the long-term impact their work would have on society.</p><p>"He wanted to create an undergraduate <keyword id="6355445" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Education">education</keyword> where people really would think hard about the work that they do and what the consequences of that work will be," Klawe said.</p><p>Mudd's curriculum, therefore, developed differently than elite schools founded in the 17th and 18th centuries. It focused intensely on team approaches to solving problems and collaboration.</p><p>"Everybody strives to do better, but when they are striving to do better it's not about their own career -it's more about we're striving to make this place better," Klawe said.</p><p>Indeed Mudd is known for its rigorous, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/harvey-mudd-college-tour-photos-2017-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">high-performing student body</a>, with graduates who outperform even those in the Ivy League. <span>It </span><span>routinely shows up on lists that </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colleges-worth-the-money-2017-5">rank the best value colleges</a><span> and, based on median salary, <a href="http://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report/bachelors">its graduates out-earn those from Harvard and Stanford</a></span><span> about 10 years into their <keyword id="6354910" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Careers">careers</keyword></span><span>.</span><span> </span></p><p>Klawe believes students and faculty work harder at Mudd than at any other place she has taught.</p><p>She is in a unique position to make this charge, having previously taught at Princeton University, and attributes not just a different student culture as responsible for this effect, but also one among faculty.</p><p>"If you're at one of the top research universities, like Princeton ... you're going to be judged by the impact of the research that you do, the number and size of the research grants you bring in, the success of your post docs and PhD students," she said. "If you see somebody coming up for promotion or tenure and they are the most fabulous teacher in the universe but their research is only 'good' they will not get promoted or tenured."</p><p>At Harvey Mudd, the opposite is true, according to Klawe, who said teaching is the most important thing for Mudd professors.</p><p>"We're very clear about what we value," she said.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

There's a tiny college outside LA that didn't exist until 1957 - but now graduates out-earn Harvard and Stanford alums

<ul class="summary-list"><li>To treat <keyword id="27538" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="insomnia">insomnia</keyword> and get better <keyword id="6372996" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="sleep">sleep</keyword>, you may need a combination of lifestyle changes, therapy, and medication. </li><li><keyword id="3092473" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy">Cognitive behavioral therapy</keyword> for insomnia (CBT-I) and light therapy can be very effective at treating insomnia and resolving sleep troubles. </li><li>In some cases, home remedies like exercise or meditation will be enough to get better sleep — and these natural sleep aids can always help, and carry a much lower risk than prescription medication. </li><li>This article <a href="https://www.insider.com/insider-medical-review-board" target="_blank" rel="noopener">was medically reviewed</a> by Alex Dimitriu, MD, psychiatrist and founder of <a href="https://siliconpsych.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Menlo Park Psychiatry and Sleep Medicine</a>. </li></ul><p>Insomnia is a sleep disorder, characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep. It requires a doctor's diagnosis to determine the underlying cause, and can usually be treated with lifestyle changes, therapy, or medication. </p><h2>Insomnia can be acute or chronic</h2><p>There are two types of insomnia:</p><ol><li><strong>Acute</strong> or short-term insomnia is when you have occasional trouble with quality sleep for up to three months. </li><li><strong>Chronic</strong> insomnia is defined as occurring at least three times a week for more than three months. </li></ol><p>To diagnose insomnia, your doctor will ask about your medical history, sleep history, bedtime routine, and lifestyle, and conduct a physical examination to check for other medical problems. After that, your doctor will discuss treatment options.</p><h2>Insomnia treatment </h2><p>Anyone with insomnia will be able to improve sleep by making small lifestyle changes, says <a href="https://www.nm.org/doctors/1619288701/minesh-u-morker-md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Minesh Morker, MD</a>, a clinical neurophysiologist and sleep medicine specialist at Northwestern Medicine Kishwaukee Hospital. </p><p>These <a href="https://www.insider.com/natural-remedies-for-insomnia">natural remedies for insomnia</a> include: </p><ul><li><strong>Sleep hygiene.</strong> Morker says poor <a href="https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/sleep-hygiene" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sleep hygiene</a> is common for insomnia patients, and recommends avoiding using your phone, laptop, or watching TV immediately before bed, as light <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side" target="_blank" rel="noopener">inhibits the production of melatonin</a>, a hormone that aids sleep. </li><li><strong>Exercise</strong>. A<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271079985_The_effects_of_physical_activity_on_sleep_a_meta-analytic_review" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 2015 meta-study</a> found that regular exercise improved quality of sleep in insomnia patients, with similar comparable benefits to therapy and medication. </li><li><strong>Diet</strong>. While no single diet has been recommended, <a href="https://www.sleep.org/articles/eat-to-sleep-better/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research suggests</a> that a regular diet of high fiber, low sugar, and limited saturated fat can improve sleep quality — such as the <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-is-mediterranean-diet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mediterannean diet</a> or <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-is-dash-diet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DASH diet</a>. </li></ul><p>Additionally, Morker says that having a dark and quiet room to sleep, sticking to consistent sleep and wake times, refraining from naps, avoiding alcohol, and trying relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing can all help someone with insomnia. </p><p>However, for those with chronic insomnia, these lifestyle changes may not be enough to effectively resolve sleep troubles. </p><p>Chronic insomnia is classified in two ways: </p><ol><li><strong>Primary </strong>insomnia is a sleep condition in itself and not the result of another condition. It can often be treated with a combination of lifestyle changes, therapy, or medication. </li><li><strong>Secondary</strong> insomnia is caused by another <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> condition, including sleep disorders like sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome, or mental illnesses like <a href="https://www.insider.com/can-depression-cause-insomnia" target="_blank" rel="noopener">depression</a>. It can only be fully treated by addressing the underlying condition. </li></ol><h2>Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia </h2><p>Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective option for those with chronic sleep troubles. During CBT-I, a therapist will help you address harmful thoughts and anxieties that may be disrupting your sleep. </p><p>CBT-I often includes: </p><ul><li>Private or group talk therapy sessions</li><li>Creating a sleep schedule and bedtime routine</li><li>Sleep restrictions, or reducing the time you spend in bed outside of sleep </li><li>Learning relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation</li><li>Keeping a sleep diary</li></ul><p>A<a href="https://bjgp.org/content/69/686/e657" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 2018 study</a> from Royal College of General Practitioners found that just four to eight CBT-I sessions were effective in reducing both the time it takes to fall asleep and the time spent awake during the night. In fact, the improvements in sleep quality were even maintained for up to 12 months post-therapy. </p><p>"It also helps you learn new strategies to sleep better," says James Rowley, MD, President of the <a href="https://aasm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Academy of Sleep Medicine</a> (AASM). "CBT-I can include techniques for stress reduction, relaxation, and sleep schedule management."</p><p>CBT-I may also encompass other types of therapy. For example, stimulus control therapy can teach you how to implement consistent sleep and wake times, avoid naps during the daytime, and what to do if you are not able to fall asleep or wake up too early. </p><h2>Light therapy</h2><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839957/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Light therapy</a> can help patients adjust the body's circadian rhythm, an internal biological clock that responds to light and darkness in order to initiate sleep. </p><p>This method of therapy can be particularly useful for those who have insomnia due to circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as sleep phase delay syndrome. </p><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839957/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Studies</a> have found that as people age, circadian rhythms are more likely to be interrupted, and the risk for developing a sleep disorder increases with age. A<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5991956/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 2018 study</a> found insomnia in the elderly ranges between 30% to 48%, compared to 12% to 20% in the general adult population. </p><p>As a result, light therapy may be one of the best options for older patients with insomnia, as taking medication carries more potential risks, and light therapy can reset circadian rhythms and improve sleep quality safely. </p><p>However, Morker warns against treating yourself without a therapist. "This can be an effective treatment if done appropriately, but if you don't know what you're doing, you can make things worse by shifting the internal clock in the opposite direction," he says. </p><h2>Medication </h2><p>Medication is only used to treat insomnia on a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4694188/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">short-term</a> basis, as prescription <a href="https://www.insider.com/are-sleeping-pills-safe" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sleeping pills are known to have potentially harmful risks</a>. </p><p>Sleeping pills might be <a href="http://aasm.org/resources/pdf/choosingwisely-sleepingpills-adults-insomnia.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">prescribed</a> to you to help you adjust to a new sleeping schedule as part of your CBT-I, or for some cases of short-term insomnia triggered by a stressful event.</p><p>A few <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634348/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">common types</a> of medications for insomnia, called sleeping pills or hypnotics, include:</p><ul><li><strong>Benzodiazepines</strong>. Examples are triazolam, estazolam, temazepam, quazepam, and flurazepam.</li><li><strong>Non-benzodiazepines</strong>. These 'Z drugs,' as they're known, include zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone.</li></ul><p>According to AASM's 2017 <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6470" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults</a>, eszopiclone and zolpidem were the two hypnotics most recommended for the treatment of insomnia, and Rowley notes both are commonly used by sleep physicians. </p><p>Moreover, a<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5803038/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 2018 review</a> found that when these medications were used in combination with CBT-I, results were better than with the use of CBT-I alone. The study recommended starting the use of hypnotics early in treatment, and slowly weaning the patient off the hypnotics as they progress with therapy.</p><p>However, that study also noted the danger of potential side effects with benzodiazepines and Z drugs — such as nausea, headaches, and extended drowsiness that can impair your ability to drive the next day. Even though these medications may be effective in the short-term, the risks often outweigh the benefits. </p><p>And even though over-the-counter medication, like <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-is-melatonin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">melatonin</a>, may seem helpful and harmless, Rowley advises against its use. </p><p>"There are insufficient studies available on the safety and effectiveness of most over-the-counter sleep aids, including melatonin," says Rowley. </p><p>Additionally, Rowley warns against plant-based herbal remedies like kava and valerian root for the treatment of insomnia, because they also <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634348/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lack evidence</a> on their efficacy. </p><h2>The bottom line </h2><p>Overall, consulting with a medical practitioner to work out the root of your sleeping problems is the best way to find a treatment path that suits you — whether it's therapy, lifestyle changes, medication, or a combination of all three. </p><p>Rowley recommends speaking to your doctor first, who may then refer you to an accredited sleep center for further help.</p><h2 id="related-articles-from-health-reference:">Related articles from <a href="https://www.insider.com/health-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Health Reference</a>:</h2><ul><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/why-am-i-having-weird-dreams">Why am I having weird dreams? The science behind your dreams and how to manage them</a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/natural-remedies-for-insomnia">5 natural home remedies for insomnia that can help you get better sleep</a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/why-am-i-always-tired">Why am I always tired? The main causes of sleepiness and fatigue</a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/is-too-much-sleep-bad" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Is too much sleep bad? How oversleeping could signal something is wrong</a></strong></li></ul>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-treat-insomnia">Insider</a>

How to treat insomnia and get better sleep with self-care, therapy, or medication

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59d2b743c68d7b1d008b6a9e-1440/tony%20pic%206.jpg" alt="tony robbins fiji" data-mce-source="Graham Flanagan/Business Insider"><p class="source"><span>Graham Flanagan/Business Insider</span></p><p class="caption">Tony Robbins is no longer the motivational speaker you may remember from the '90s.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><p>If you're like millions of people around the world, you were first introduced to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-life-coach-success-2017-9">Tony Robbins</a> in the late 1980s or '90s through one of his ubiquitous infomercials for his books and audio lessons.</p><p>The thing is, the Tony Robbins of the early '90s is totally different from the one of 2017.</p><p>Sure, his brand is still built upon <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-memory-exercise-2017-9">his seminars and books</a>, but he also has personal clients like billionaire investor Paul Tudor Jones, who pay him at least $1 million each year; he's built varying degrees of friendship with the last few American presidents and has even coached Bill Clinton; he gives <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-advice-to-entrepreneurs-2017-9">leadership coaching to organizations</a> that have ranged from startups to the Golden State Warriors NBA team; he helps entrepreneurs and executives determine how to work better with their teams and grow their businesses; and he's an owner of 33 companies, 12 of which he runs directly, and he predicts the sum of their annual revenues this year to be $6 billion.</p><p>In a podcast interview&#xa0;with Business Insider at his Namale resort in Fiji, where&#xa0;Robbins was hosting the winners of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-shopify-build-a-bigger-business-winners-2017-9">Shopify's Build a Bigger Business competition</a>, he told us that his unusual career progression was all part of a plan he built&#xa0;as a sophomore in high school.</p><hr><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Listen to the whole episode and subscribe for more Success!</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/success-how-i-did-it/id1205997729?mt=2#">Apple Podcasts</a>  <a href="https://play.radiopublic.com/success-how-i-did-it-6pnJyL">RadioPublic</a>  <a href="https://www.acast.com/howididit">ACast</a></strong>&#xa0;</p><hr><p>Long before he ever thought of becoming a life coach or business consultant, Robbins mapped out his life when he was about 15 years old, he told us. His response to living in a troubled family and a physically abusive mother was a need to help others escape pain and confining lifestyles, even though he didn't yet know how. Here's how he saw his life unfolding:</p><ul><li>In his 20s, he would help people on an individual basis.</li><li>In his 30s, he would help small groups of people simultaneously.</li><li>In his 40s, he would help large groups of people simultaneously.</li><li>In his 50s, he would help organizations.</li><li>In his 60s, he would help society through politics.</li></ul><p>Robbins, who is now 57, achieved all of those goals, with a tweak to the last one, by the time he was 40.</p><p>"I got ahead of that schedule very quickly, but it pretty much has been the path that I've been on," Robbins told us. "I'm just a little further ahead." He said he hasn't decided yet if he still wants to make a run for politics, but after coaching politicians and seeing what that world looks like, he thinks he would rather remain in an advisory role.</p><p>"I don't have to work another day of my life, thank God, but I'm in a place where I probably work as hard or harder today than I ever have, but I do it because I want to, not because I have to," he said. "What is the difference between work and play? I think the difference is purpose."</p><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="200" scrolling="no" src="https://embed.radiopublic.com/e?us=https:%2F%2Fplay.radiopublic.com%2F4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3%2Fep%2Fs1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;if=4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3&amp;ge=s1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;gs=_blank" width="100%"></iframe></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div></hr></hr>

When Tony Robbins was in high school, he set goals for his 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s that he's still working on today

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59cea249351ccf7a1a8b615a-1440/aaa.jpg" alt="tony robbins fiji" data-mce-source="Graham Flanagan/Business Insider"><p class="source"><span>Graham Flanagan/Business Insider</span></p><p class="caption">Tony Robbins says every entrepreneur needs to be able to overcome their "threshold of control."</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><p>While all of Tony Robbins' one-on-one coaching sessions are personalized, they're drawn from more than 30 years of experience in coaching - and for his business clients, what he's learned from running his own portfolio of companies.</p><p>In September, the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-shopify-build-a-bigger-business-winners-2017-9">winners of Shopify's Build a Bigger Business competition</a> won the chance to be personally mentored by Robbins at his Fiji resort, Namale. The winners are the founders of profitable online retailers bringing in millions of dollars in sales who are in the midst of scaled growth. While that's a mark of success by most measures, each of the entrepreneurs are in fragile positions that will determine the fate of their business.</p><p>We went to Fiji to spend time with Robbins and the winners, and in a podcast interview - which you can listen to below - he told us that there were two fundamental insights that guided each of his mentorship sessions.</p><hr><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Listen to the whole episode and subscribe for more Success!</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/success-how-i-did-it/id1205997729?mt=2#">Apple Podcasts</a>  <a href="https://play.radiopublic.com/success-how-i-did-it-6pnJyL">RadioPublic</a>  <a href="https://www.acast.com/howididit">ACast</a></strong></p><h2>Prioritize your customers, not your product ideas.</h2><p>"I'd say there's only one way to really succeed long term - and it's simplistic but it's true," Robbins said. "It's add more value than anybody else." And the way to do that, he said, is by falling in love with your customer, not your product.</p><p>"If you fall in love with your product, you're screwed," he said.</p><p>A common mistake new entrepreneurs make, he explained, is failing to notice changes in demand from their customer base because they've wrapped their identity in their company's first offering. That said, expanding the brand or pivoting to a new approach will be just as fruitless if the decision is catered to vague market developments rather than a relationship with a specific customer base.</p><p>"You've got to figure out how to know more about them than anybody else does," he said. "Maybe they know about themselves in some areas."</p><h2>Pinpoint your 'threshold of control' and learn to overcome it.</h2><p>Throughout Robbins' week with the Shopify winners on Fiji, he repeatedly had them pinpoint their "threshold of control," to help them learn to overcome it.</p><p>Robbins used an example from skiing: You're an intermediate skier who skis blue square (intermediate) slopes, but one trip up the mountain you realize you've accidentally begun going down a black diamond (expert) slope. Skiing is dangerous, and potentially fatal if you don't know what you're doing. You then have the option to either intensely focus and figure out a way to make it through the trail, or else slide or walk down the rest of trail. If you choose the former and make it down on your skis, even if sloppily, you've passed a threshold of control.</p><p>This same fear is common among entrepreneurs who suddenly find themselves in charge of both a rapidly growing team and millions of dollars. Running a scaling company can seem like the black diamond slope for a founder who feels comfortable running a successful small startup.</p><p>There are many factors, including luck, that determine whether a company can achieve long-term sustainability, but a crucial factor for success is the founder's ability to determine their threshold and push past it.</p><p>"Courage isn't that you're not afraid, it's you're scared sh--less but you decide that you're going to focus on what you're here to do versus on what you fear, and you push yourself," Robbins said.</p><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="200" scrolling="no" src="https://embed.radiopublic.com/e?us=https:%2F%2Fplay.radiopublic.com%2F4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3%2Fep%2Fs1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;if=4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3&amp;ge=s1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;gs=_blank" width="100%"></iframe></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div></hr>

Tony Robbins shares 2 pieces of advice with every entrepreneur he coaches

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59d67e1e351ccf0b158b87cf-1200/gettyimages-693722470.jpg" alt="tony robbins paul tudor jones" data-mce-source="Paul Zimmerman/Getty Images"><p class="source"><span>Paul Zimmerman/Getty Images</span></p><p class="caption">Paul Tudor Jones, left, has used Tony Robbins, right, as his personal coach for the last 24 years.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><ul><li><strong>Tony Robbins has coached investor Paul Tudor Jones since 1993.</strong></li><li><strong>Jones credits him with helping him regain success in the markets.</strong></li><li><strong>They have daily correspondence over email and meet in person quarterly.</strong></li></ul><p>For billionaire investor <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/paul-tudor-jones">Paul Tudor Jones</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/tony-robbins">Tony Robbins</a> is a unique combination of therapist, trainer, and adviser.</p><p>Robbins is best known for selling millions of his books and audio tapes and packing stadiums for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-memory-exercise-2017-9">seminars</a> over more than 30 years, but also maintains a small batch of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-advice-to-entrepreneurs-2017-9">personal clients</a> - Jones has been one since 1993. He emails Robbins daily (before email, they used the phone or fax to do the same) and checks in for a 1-2 hour intensive in-person session quarterly. He&#xa0;pays Robbins a $1 million annual fee, along with an undisclosed portion of profit he made that year.</p><p>"The amazing thing about Tony is how he can deconstruct what drives certain behaviors and help you develop a plan for action with carefully considered risk and reward propositions," Jones told Business Insider in an email.</p><p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/tony-robbins-fiji">We recently met Robbins at his Fiji resort Namale</a>, where he was hosting the winners of the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/best-business-advice-shopify-build-a-bigger-business-2017-9">Shopify Build a Bigger Business competition</a>, and discussed his coaching approach with Jones. You can listen to our interview in the episode of our podcast "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/success-how-i-did-it">Success! How I Did It</a>" below.</p><hr><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Listen to the whole episode and subscribe for more Success!</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/success-how-i-did-it/id1205997729?mt=2#">Apple Podcasts</a>  <a href="https://play.radiopublic.com/success-how-i-did-it-6pnJyL">RadioPublic</a>  <a href="https://www.acast.com/howididit">ACast</a></strong></p><hr><p>Pat Riley, one of the most successful coaches in NBA history, introduced Jones to Robbins, and Jones remembers Riley telling him that, "Tony would light a fire for me in a thoughtful and understanding way."</p><p>Jones gained notoriety in 1987 for correctly predicting the stock market crash that year, but struggled in the following years to maintain his success in the markets.&#xa0;A few months after meeting him,&#xa0;Jones decided he'd give Robbins a shot to see if he could help with his performance.</p><p>"<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-paul-tudor-jones-investing-strategy-asymmetric-risk-reward-2016-6">I uncovered for Paul Tudor what he was doing at his best</a>," Robbins told Business Insider last year. Robbins has coached everyone from professional athletes like Serena Williams to tech CEOs like Marc Benioff, and takes an approach where he helps them discover what works and doesn't for their performance, without needing to match their level of expertise.</p><p>"I got to interview all the people around him," Robbins continued. "I watched films. There were patterns that Paul Tudor was doing when he was at his very best, and he had dropped them out." A crucial habit that Jones had abandoned, Robbins discovered, was asking himself if he had a chance at a 5:1 return for every dollar invested (meaning he could be wrong four times and still not lose money).</p><p>Jones began making money again, and was convinced that Robbins had a big enough role in that turnaround that he kept Robbins on as his coach. He also introduced Robbins to high-profile investor friends like Ray Dalio to be interviewed for Robbins' 2014 personal finance book, "<a href="https://www.amazon.com/MONEY-Master-Game-Financial-Freedom/dp/1476757860">Money: Master the Game</a>."</p><p>At Fiji, Robbins offered some insight into what Jones' daily email updates look like, saying, "he sends me a checklist of what we measure, everything from his NAV [<a href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nav.asp">net asset value</a>] to his <a href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfolio-weight.asp">[portfolio] weights</a>, what's happening in his body, to his focus, to ratios of risk-reward that we're measuring, and then he does a narrative for me."</p><p>It's about getting into Jones' mind for that day, and then comparing that mindset to a similar scenario during that history they've shared.</p><p>Robbins continued: "And so I see that and then I know the pattern.&#xa0;If we need to do something right away, I can make a phone call or send him an email or fly there in person when it's necessary. But at this point, it doesn't take that much because it's a refined machine."</p><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="200" scrolling="no" src="https://embed.radiopublic.com/e?us=https:%2F%2Fplay.radiopublic.com%2F4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3%2Fep%2Fs1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;if=4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3&amp;ge=s1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;gs=_blank" width="100%"></iframe></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div></hr></hr>

Billionaire investor Paul Tudor Jones pays Tony Robbins over $1 million a year and emails him every day - here's what they talk about

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a0b41413dbef48a6a8b5915-1777/the-knickerbocker-9973.jpg" alt="Cocktail, bartender, martini, drink" data-mce-source="Sarah Jacobs" /><p class="source"><span>Sarah Jacobs</span></p><p class="caption">Maybe steer clear of mixed drinks from now on.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Business Insider recently asked more than 30 bartenders to weigh in on what they'd love to tell customers but can't.</strong></li><li><strong>One bartender said restaurants and bars don't keep their ice machines as clean as you think.</strong></li><li><strong>You may be better off ordering your drinks "neat" from now on.</strong></li></ul><hr /><p><br />Proceed ordering your drinks with caution.</p><p>When Business Insider recently asked more than 30 bartenders to weigh in on what they'd love to tell customers but can't, one response stood out as particularly disturbing:</p><p>"Almost no restaurants or bars clean their ice machines as regularly as they're supposed to," the bartender said.</p><p>What that means is, you could be drinking contaminated drinks.</p><p>Americans love ice. And even though we probably don't think of it this way, ice is the most consumed food in a restaurant in the US.</p><p>As such, there are laws to help ensure establishments treat it that way.</p><p><a href="https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/magazine-archive1/augustseptember-2013/the-sanitation-of-ice-making-equipment/">According to forensic sanitarian Robert W. Powitz</a>, cleaning and sanitizing the ice machine in a restaurant or bar on a regular basis is required by law.</p><p>In most instances, ice machines must be cleaned from two to four times a year, or "at a frequency necessary to preclude accumulation of soil or mold." If establishments are found not to be sanitizing their ice machines frequently enough, they could face a fine of $100,000 in regular circumstances, or up to $250,000 for individuals and $500,000 for corporations if the misdemeanor results in death.</p><p>Other guidelines, including "<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Starting-Running-Restaurant-Dummies-Godsmark/dp/0470516216">Starting and Running a Restaurant For Dummies</a>," recommend establishments empty and disinfect the ice machine every month.</p><p>But, despite these guidelines, ice has a history of causing foodborne illness in the US.</p><p>Powitz reports that epidemiologists at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have traced several outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness - including noroviruses - to the use of contaminated ice.</p><p>As Karen Constable, the certification manager of HACCP International, writes for <a href="https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/magazine-archive1/augustseptember-2013/the-sanitation-of-ice-making-equipment/">Food Safety Magazine</a>:</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">"Some of the illnesses are caused by bacteria and some are caused by viruses. Many outbreaks have been linked to the presence of norovirus in the ice. In some cases, the norovirus came from contaminated well water that had been used to make the ice, in other cases, from poor handling practices. Other outbreaks associated with ice consumption have been caused by Salmonella, hepatitis A, and Escherichia coli O157:H7."</p><p>Constable explains that norovirus, which originates in human fecal matter, usually finds its way into food, including ice, due to poor handling practices - and improperly washed hands are thought to be the main cause of contamination.</p><p>"If you have ever seen a bar person drag a glass through an ice tub with his bare hands or watched an employee drop the ice scoop back into an ice machine bin with the handle coming into contact with the ice, you have seen a norovirus outbreak waiting to happen," she writes.</p><p>In 2002, <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13775964/ns/dateline_nbc/t/dirty-ice-can-make-you-sick/#.Wgs3Z9PytcB">a healthy 15-year-old boy died</a> after contracting norovirus from ice contaminated by a sick employee who had not washed his hands.</p><p>"Most people don't realize that not washing their hands could cause death," Debra Huffman, a microbiologist with the University of South Florida, <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13775964/ns/dateline_nbc/t/dirty-ice-can-make-you-sick/#.Wgs3Z9PytcB">told NBC News</a>. "They just don't see the risk. It's not going to smell funny. It's not going to look funny. These are microscopic, and so you're not going to see it. You wouldn't known it happened."</p><p>In 2008, <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/10/23/ill-bartender-dirty-ice-machine-blamed-for-sickening-newlyweds-70-guests-at.html">Pennsylvania investigators blamed</a> an ill bartender and a contaminated ice machine for sickening two newlyweds and about 70 wedding guests at a reception.</p><p>A 2011 <a href="http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2272&amp;context=thesesdissertations">study focused on ice dispensers conducted in Las Vegas food establishments</a> found that approximately one-third of commercial ice machines were breeding grounds for dangerous bacteria, while 72.2% contained indicators that coliform bacteria could be present.</p><p>And <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2334533/Ice-restaurants-bacteria-water-toilets.html">an investigation conducted by the Daily Mail</a>, where the publication collected ice from ten fast-food franchises in the UK including McDonald's, Burger King, KFC, and Starbucks, showed that six out of ten branches were serving up ice dirtier than samples of water taken from these branches' toilet bowls.</p><p>So the next time you order a drink at a bar, you may be better off ordering it "neat."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

A bartender reveals the disturbing truth about the ice in your drink

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59d27dcc351ccfd9008b6e40-1440/tony%20portrait%201.jpg" alt="tony robbins fiji" data-mce-source="Graham Flanagan/Business Insider"><p class="source"><span>Graham Flanagan/Business Insider</span></p><p class="caption">Tony Robbins was a broke janitor at 17 and a famous international speaker by his mid-20s.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><ul><li><strong>Tony Robbins grew up poor with a troubled childhood.</strong></li><li><strong>At 17, he spent a week's pay on a Jim Rohn seminar.</strong></li><li><strong>Rohn helped Robbins develop a coaching style that&#xa0;made him famous by his mid-20s.</strong></li></ul><p>Tony Robbins is the world's premiere "performance coach," a job that entails selling out stadiums with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-memory-exercise-2017-9">life coaching seminars</a> and serving as a sort of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tim-ferriss-tony-robbins-exercise-2017-1">leadership consultant</a> to clients like billionaire investor Paul Tudor Jones and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff. It's also a career path he carved out for himself.</p><p>Business Insider&#xa0;recently met Robbins at his Fiji resort Namale, where he was hosting the winners of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/best-business-advice-shopify-build-a-bigger-business-2017-9">the Shopify Build a Bigger Business competition</a>.</p><p>In a wide-ranging podcast interview - which you can listen to below - he told us how spending his paycheck on a seminar at 17 set him on a path to developing <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-life-coach-success-2017-9">a multi-billion dollar empire</a>.</p><hr><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Listen to the whole episode and subscribe for more Success!</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/success-how-i-did-it/id1205997729?mt=2#">Apple Podcasts</a>  <a href="https://play.radiopublic.com/success-how-i-did-it-6pnJyL">RadioPublic</a>  <a href="https://www.acast.com/howididit">ACast</a></strong></p><hr><p>Robbins grew up in North Hollywood, the oldest of three siblings. Their mother was addicted to drugs and alcohol and was physically abusive, Robbins told us, "and I had to protect my brother and sister, so I became a practical psychologist just out of necessity."</p><p>He said that he attended schools that may not have catered to wealthy families, but where he was still clearly one of the students from "the wrong side of the tracks." He said that by the time he was a junior in high school, he became fixated on the question of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-planned-life-goals-in-high-school-2017-10">what separated the haves from the have-nots</a>, the popular kids from the outcasts, and so on.</p><p>At 17, Robbins worked as a janitor after school and helped&#xa0;people move on the weekends to make money to help out his family. He told us that on one of these moves, he was taking a break when he asked the landlord on site, who was a family friend: "My dad said you used to be such a loser, and how come you're so successful now?"</p><p>"Only a kid can say that stuff," Robbins said with a laugh, "and the guy looks at me and goes, 'Your dad said what?'"</p><p>The man told him that he started to turn his life around after going to a Jim Rohn seminar, which he described as "a man takes everything he's learned in 20, 30 years of his life, and he pours it into like four hours."</p><p>Robbins asked if the landlord could get him into an upcoming seminar for free, to which the landlord said he could but wouldn't, since Robbins wouldn't value it. Robbins was making $40 a week, and a ticket to the seminar was $35.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59d2b4c7351ccf83028b7171-495/jim-rohn-passes-away.jpg" alt="jim rohn" data-mce-source="Ramine5677/Wikimedia Commons"><p class="source"><span>Ramine5677/Wikimedia Commons</span></p><p class="caption">Jim Rohn helped shape Robbins' career.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div>"I made this big decision to spend a week's pay to go to this event, and I sat there and I was mesmerized," Robbins said. "And that's what started the game for me."<p>Rohn was a marketer who was nudged into pursuing his penchant for public speaking full time in his 30s. Inspired by his former boss, the entrepreneur <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmWC_ZwBrRs">John Earl Shoaff</a>, Rohn developed a leadership philosophy and a speaking series around it.</p><p>The particularly American brand of self-improvement took off during and after the Great Depression with the writers Napoleon Hill ("<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Think-Grow-Rich-Napoleon-Hill/dp/1912032996">Think and Grow Rich</a>") and Dale Carnegie ("<a href="https://www.amazon.com/How-Win-Friends-Influence-People/dp/0671027034">How to Win Friends&#xa0;&amp; Influence People</a>"), and Rohn carried on the tradition, with maxims like "True happiness is not contained in what you get; happiness is gained by what you become."</p><p>When Robbins met Rohn, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnBdNkkceZw">he had been giving these personal development speeches</a> to executives and employees at Standard Oil. Robbins found Rohn's approach captivating, and it captured what he was trying to get from life at that point in his life.</p><p>Robbins approached Rohn to work for him and soon became his protégé. Robbins developed a high energy, more personalized version of what Rohn did that was also more influenced by theories from behavioral psychology he studied. Robbins honed his approach on the road through hundreds of seminars across North America, and by the time he was 26, he was a millionaire with <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Unlimited-Power-Science-Personal-Achievement/dp/0684845776">a bestselling book</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onTQWGylIJA">In a video tribute to Rohn after Rohn's death in 2009</a>, Robbins said it all began with his mentor. "He gave me a way of looking at life that allowed me to not ask life to be easier, but to ask that I be better. He got me to realize that the secret to life was to work harder on myself than my job or anything else, because then I'd have something to give people. And he really shaped me."</p><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="200" scrolling="no" src="https://embed.radiopublic.com/e?us=https:%2F%2Fplay.radiopublic.com%2F4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3%2Fep%2Fs1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;if=4abfe9f6-6e69-4842-ab06-3fd4175506b3&amp;ge=s1!cce1f85949a3261722c4c6c880368d7b70071c2a&amp;gs=_blank" width="100%"></iframe></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kava-tea-drink-root-fiji-make-you-feel-high-effects-2017-9">We tried kava - the national drink of Fiji that gets people high</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/G05ZraiG-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div></hr></hr>

Tony Robbins started out as a broke janitor - then he saved a week's worth of pay, and the way he spent it changed his life

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5576fe7ef7b1054b0c8b4dca-4355-3266/shutterstock_283425965.jpg" border="0" alt="woman sleeping bed insomnia" data-mce-source="Shutterstock/lenetstan"><p class="source"><span>Shutterstock/lenetstan</span></p></img></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Many of the more than 30% of Americans and people around the world <a href="http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources/clinicalguidelines/040515.pdf">who suffer from insomnia</a> would do almost anything to sleep better.</p><p>That's why there's a huge market for sleeping pills like Ambien and Lunesta, along with a whole wall at your local pharmacy of "natural supplements" like melatonin, valerian root, kava, and more.</p><p>Sleeping better is absolutely worth it: you'll be happier, more alert, a safer driver, less likely to suffer from physical ailments as well as anxiety and depression, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-sleep-is-important-2014-12">and much more</a>.</p><p>But even though taking a pill might seem like a simple solution - and they're backed up with lots of ads to make you reach for them first - there are ways to deal with insomnia that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-beat-insomnia-and-sleep-better-2015-4">are clinically proven</a> to work better for most people.</p><p><strong>The most effective overall strategy for dealing with insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</strong>, an approach that analyzes the thoughts and behaviors that make it hard to sleep and then works on improving them.</p><h2>How it works</h2><p>A typical CBT program for insomnia will first analyze a patient's own insomnia. Then it might incorporate some sleep hygiene habits (don't read in bed, make sure your room is dark and cool) and help patients set a sleep schedule. A program will also educate an insomniac on relaxation techniques and help people learn new attitudes towards bedtime, to eliminate insomnia-causing anxiety - changing those negative thoughts is key.</p><p>In a post on the New York Times's Upshot blog, Austin Frakt <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/upshot/the-evidence-points-to-a-better-way-to-fight-insomnia.html?_r=1&amp;abt=0002&amp;abg=0">analyzes the various studies</a> comparing CBT to a wide variety of drugs. The vast majority of medical evidence says that for most people, CBT works better and is preferable to drugs. Plus, it doesn't come with dangerous side effects, including the risk of overdose and death.</p><p>Therapy doesn't necessarily entail expensive doctor's visits, either. Frakt's doctor pointed him to an online CBT <a href="http://www.cbtforinsomnia.com/products-page/">treatment program for insomnia</a>. Online programs that change thought patterns and behaviors can work for insomnia, just as they can <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/05/the-startup-that-wants-to-end-social-anxiety/392900/">for depression and anxiety</a>.</p><p>Many of the strategies employed in CBT for insomnia are a part of other <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-beat-insomnia-and-sleep-better-2015-4">techniques for falling asleep faster</a>, like learning to comfortably relax in bed without trying to fall asleep, eliminating the anxiety that causes insomnia.</p><p>"Like a patch on faulty software, C.B.T. reorients one's thinking and behavior so that sleep is first thought to be, and then soon after actually is, a more positive experience," writes Frakt. "Drugs, on the other hand, just treat insomniacs' symptoms without addressing the underlying cause, which is why the relief they provide may be less durable."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/waterfall-climbing-fish-goby-evolution-hawaii-2015-5">Scientists are astonished by these Goby fish that can climb 300-foot waterfalls</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="djMXJkdTpXxb0FwhBHlUoNNT3m6RuJH9" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'djMXJkdTpXxb0FwhBHlUoNNT3m6RuJH9',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

Science has found the best strategy for improving your sleep

<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><img src="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/52a84205eab8ea2339a6b87b-1200-800/rtr2ts1l.jpg" border="0" alt="Google Chairman Eric Schmidt" /><p class="source">REUTERS/Pichi Chuang </p><p class="caption"><keyword id="6355629" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Google">Google</keyword> Chairman Eric Schmidt waves after giving a speech during a business conference in Taipei November 9, 2011. </p></div></div></div></span>CHANGHUA, Taiwan (Reuters) - Google Inc opened its first two data centers in Asia on Wednesday to cater to the world's fastest growing consumer technology markets, but the company has no plans to open one in China or India.</p>
<p>Choosing Taiwan and Singapore instead illustrates the problem that tech companies face in trying to feed data demand in the world's two most populous countries: With regulations in flux in India and cyberspace censorship in China, Google had to look next door.</p>
<p>Mobile data traffic in emerging Asia-Pacific countries will likely rise 68 percent in 2014, well ahead of the global growth rate of 48 percent and the fastest growing region in the world, according to Analysys Mason, a research consultancy. Tech companies normally try to keep data centers as close to the customer base as possible because distance hurts speed.</p>
<p>"While we've been busy building, the growth in Asia's Internet has been amazing. The number of Internet users inIndia doubled, from 100 million to 200 million. It took six years to achieve that milestone in the U.S.," Google's vice president of data centers, Joe Kava, said in a statement.</p>
<p>"And this growth probably won't slow for some time, since the majority of people that have yet to come online also happen to live in Asia," he said.</p>
<p>Kava said the cost of building the centers was one consideration for locating in Taiwan, but things like data privacy policies, a highly trained workforce and network infrastructure were equally important.</p>
<p>"It's no secret that the Taiwanese ecosystem for technology companies is outstanding," he told reporters. "Being close to the technology companies will give us opportunity to further some of our partnerships" in Taiwan.</p>
<p>The importance of a country's data policies was highlighted by the way Google opened its centers in Taiwan and Singapore and its decision to double spending in Taiwan to $600 million compared to $120 million in Singapore.</p>
<p>While Google brought out executives and media to celebrate its Taiwan opening on Wednesday, the Singapore launch received no such fanfare.</p>
<p>The company has expressed concern over a Singapore regulation announced in May that requires certain websites that regularly report on Singapore to be licensed, put up a S$50,000 ($40,000) performance bond and take down within 24 hours any content that authorities deemed objectionable.</p>
<p>Singaporean opinion news site Breakfast Network effectively shut down this week as a result, saying the "demand to register has created a wrinkle in our barely formed plans to become a sustainable and professional outfit".</p>
<p>Google also announced it abandoned plans to build a third data centre in Hong Kong, citing primarily a lack of land.</p>
<h3>SERVING 2.5 BILLION</h3>
<p>Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore are all popular with global tech companies because they boast well-established privacy laws, reliable power and fiber broadband infrastructure, and skilled workforces, all essential to operating data centers.</p>
<p>Apple Inc, Amazon.com Inc and Microsoft Corp are also building data centers in Asia in Singapore, Hong Kong and Tokyo. But the real appeal is the giant number of Internet users in China and India.</p>
<p>Google left mainland China in 2010 after a cyber attack and Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt told the Wall Street Journal last month that the company is in no hurry to return.</p>
<p>"China's censorship regime has gotten significantly worse since we left so something would have to change before we come back," he said.</p>
<p>That left an opening for China's Baidu Inc to further dominate the search engine market with a 66 percent share this year, according to web analytical tool StatCounter, and another local rival, 360 Search, to emerge, grabbing 21 percent. Google's share dropped to 9 percent from 41 percent in 2009 before its exit China.</p>
<p>"The regulatory environment in China is designed in a way to nurture local service providers such as Alibaba, so it makes it harder for foreign companies to enter the market," tech researcher IDC analyst Leon Kao, who is based in Taipei, said.</p>
<p>"But adding service support in Asia such as Hong Kong still increases a company's flexibility. For example, Amazon is able to deliver goods in a much shorter time now if there's a sudden surge in orders."</p>
<p>In India, Google dominates 97 percent share of the search engine market, data from StatCounter showed.</p>
<p>"In India, the challenge is mostly the cost of infrastructure and the ability of building infrastructure", said Radha Krishna Hiremane, Intel Corp's Asia-Pacific regional product marketing manager of data centre business, based in Singapore.</p>
<p>He said putting an India-focused data centre in Singapore may not cost more, but it could affect speed.</p>
<p>"What matters is latency. At the end of the day, if a service provider is able to provide acceptable latency for the end customers by serving from outside the region and there's no conflicting regulation such as data sovereignty, then there's not anything in the APEC countries we know would be an issue right now."</p>
<p>($1 = 1.2495 Singapore dollars)</p>
<p>(Additional reporting by Jeremy Wagstaff in SINGAPORE; Editing by Matt Driskill)</p>

Google Opens Its First Two Asia Data Centers

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/53d7c978eab8eadc16c44751-710-532/commonwealth-cocktail.jpg?maxX=480" border="0" alt="Commonwealth Cocktail" width="480" style="float: right;" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/PeopleMakeGlasgow/photos/pb.235097883181018.-2207520000.1406650683./816674498356684/?type=3&amp;theater">PEOPLE MAKE GLASGOW/Facebook</a></span></p><p class="caption">The Commonwealth Cocktail</p></div><p></p></div>Bartenders beware - this might be the most complicated drink on earth.</p>
<p>In celebration of the <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=xx+commonwealth+games&amp;oq=XX+c&amp;aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l4.975j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;es_sm=91&amp;ie=UTF-8">XX Commonwealth Games</a> in Glasgow, Scotland, top Glasgow mixologist Mal Spence of the <a href="http://www.kelvingrovecafe.com/">Kelingrove Café</a> has created the Commonwealth Cocktail, which has a total of 71 ingredients.</p>
<p>That's the greatest number of ingredients ever used in one cocktail, <a href="http://peoplemakeglasgow.com/commonwealth-cocktail">according to People Make Glasgow</a>. </p>
<p>The drink contains ingredients sourced from every nation competing in the Commonwealth games, making it truly representative of the event. Ingredients include papaya from Rwanda, dragonfruit from Belize, mangosteen from India, and red apple from England. </p>
<p>Spence gave out 71 free Commonwealth Cocktails at the Kelvingrove Café beginning on July 23, and all 71 were gone by the end of that day, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KelvingroveCafe">according to Kelvingrove Cafe's Facebook page</a>. However, People Make Glasgow does provide <a href="http://peoplemakeglasgow.com/media/230580/a5_cocktail_cards_05-2.jpg">a very modified recipe</a> for an at-home Commonwealth Cocktail, so you can get a little taste of the drink.</p>
<p>Here is the <a href="http://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2014/07/record-breaking-cocktail-boasts-71-ingredients/">full list of ingredients</a> used in the Commonwealth Cocktail: </p>
<p><strong>Africa</strong></p>
<p>Botswana: devils claw (genus clerodendrum)</p>
<p>Cameroon: bitter leaf (piper umbellatum)</p>
<p>Ghana: taro (psidium guajava)</p>
<p>Kenya: chives</p>
<p>Lesotho: rosehip</p>
<p>Malawi: cacao (pycreuscyperaceae)</p>
<p>Mauritius: wild raspberry (rubus rosifolius)</p>
<p>Mozambique: cassava</p>
<p>Namibia: prickly pear</p>
<p>Nigeria: utazi leaves</p>
<p>Rwanda: papaya</p>
<p>Seychelles: citronella</p>
<p>Sierra Leone: cashew nut (piassava)</p>
<p>South Africa: roobus</p>
<p>Swaziland: sycamore fig</p>
<p>Tanzania: cloves</p>
<p>Uganda: nakati eggplant</p>
<p>Zambia: sorrel</p>
<p><strong>Americas</strong></p>
<p>Belize: dragonfruit</p>
<p>Bermuda: arabica coffee beans</p>
<p>Canada: logan berry</p>
<p>Falkland Islands: bitter cress</p>
<p>Guyana: sugar cane</p>
<p>St. Helena: St. Helena tea plant</p>
<p><strong>Asia</strong></p>
<p>Bangladesh: jujubi</p>
<p>Brunei Darussalam: durian fruit</p>
<p>India: mangosteen</p>
<p>Malaysia: galangal</p>
<p>Maldives: pomegranate (annaaru)</p>
<p>Pakistan: saffron</p>
<p>Singapore: rambutan</p>
<p>Sri Lanka: ripe jakfruit</p>
<p><strong>Caribbean</strong></p>
<p>Anguilla: mango</p>
<p>Antigua &amp; Barbuda: tamarind</p>
<p>Bahamas: egg fruit</p>
<p>Barbados: sour cherry</p>
<p>British Virgin Islands: noni</p>
<p>Cayman Islands: sage (salvia caymanensis)</p>
<p>Dominica: guava leaf</p>
<p>Grenada: lemon grass</p>
<p>Jamaica: okra</p>
<p>Montserrat: devil's horse whip</p>
<p>St. Kitts &amp; Nevis: tamon</p>
<p>St. Lucia: sweet basil</p>
<p>St. Vincent &amp; The Grenadines: arrowroot</p>
<p>Trinidad &amp; Tobago: tonka bean</p>
<p>Turks &amp; Caicos Islands: sapodilla</p>
<p><strong>Europe</strong></p>
<p>Cyprus: basil-thyme (Α´κινος)</p>
<p>England: red apple</p>
<p>Gibraltar: maqui berry</p>
<p>Guernsey: blueberries</p>
<p>Isle of Man: new potatoes</p>
<p>Jersey: lavender</p>
<p>Malta: star anise</p>
<p>Northern Ireland: bog rosemary</p>
<p>Scotland: wild Scottish strawberry</p>
<p>Wales: wild cotoneaster</p>
<p><strong>Oceania</strong></p>
<p>Australia: aniseed myrtle (syzygium anisatum) (gundabluie) (bardi bush)</p>
<p>Cook Islands: custard apple seeds (annona reticulata)</p>
<p>Kiribati: dried coconut meat (copra)</p>
<p>Nauru: pumpkin seeds</p>
<p>New Zealand: manuka honey</p>
<p>Niue: paw paw</p>
<p>Norfolk Island: yam</p>
<p>Papua New Guinea: taro (colocasia esculenta)</p>
<p>Samoa: ladies finger (small, sweet banana)</p>
<p>Solomon Islands: taro leaves</p>
<p>Tonga: avocado (avoka)</p>
<p>Tuvalu: breadfruit</p>
<p>Vanuatu: plantain</p>
<p>Fiji: kava root</p>

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