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<keyword id="20025308" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="groundwater" source="keywords">Groundwater</keyword> is projected to warm by 2-3.5 degrees Celsius before the turn of this century, potentially risking <keyword id="15300" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="water" source="Orion">water</keyword> quality and safety, apart from threatening <keyword id="19969898" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ecosystems" source="keywords">ecosystems</keyword> depending on the resource, a new research has found. The "world's first global groundwater temperature model" predicted the highest warming rates in Central Russia, Northern China and parts of North America, and the Amazon rainforest in South America. <br /><br />A team of researchers, led by those from the <keyword id="21946640" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Karlsruhe-Institute-of-Technology" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</keyword>, Germany, said while a lot of focus on <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword> concerns weather events and water availability, we also need to think about how it impacts groundwater, critical to life on the planet. <br /><br /> Warming of groundwater can adversely impact ecosystems relying on them, they said. <br /><br /> "Rivers rely on groundwater to keep flowing during dry times. Warm waters hold less dissolved oxygen," explained study co-author Gabriel Rau from the University of Newcastle, UK. <br /><br /> The model also estimated that by 2100, 60-600 million people globally could be living in areas where groundwater exceeds the highest threshold for <keyword id="19905383" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="drinking-water" source="keywords">drinking water</keyword> temperature guidelines set by any country. <br /><br /> According to the World Health Organisation, currently only 18 out of 125 countries have temperature guidelines for drinking water. <br /><br /> Warmer groundwater raises the risk of disease-causing microbial growth, thereby, affecting drinking water quality and potentially the lives of people, said Rau. <br /><br />"This is especially concerning in areas where access to clean drinking water is already limited, and in areas where groundwater is consumed without treatment," he added. <br /><br /> Based on how heat spreads in water, the researchers modelled current groundwater temperatures and also projected changes between 2000-2100 around the world. Groundwater is present beneath the Earth's surface in pore spaces in rocks and soils. <br /><br />"We show that groundwater at the depth of the water table (excluding permafrost regions) is conservatively projected to warm on average by 2.1 degrees Celsius between 2000 and 2100 under a medium emissions (scenario)," the authors wrote in the study published in the journal Nature Geoscience. Under this scenario, emissions trends do not markedly change from historical patterns. <br /><br />The model, however, showed that under a high-emissions scenario, or fossil fuel-driven development, the groundwater temperature could rise by 3.5 degrees Celsius. <br /><br />The warming of groundwater can be a cause for concern, although it depends on whether the climate change issue can be mitigated by cutting down greenhouse gas emissions, the researchers said. <br /><br /> Warmer groundwater can also impact water quality by affecting its chemistry and microbiology, they said. <br /><br /> "If temperatures increase, we may see significant impacts to our local aquatic animals, including their spawning processes which will impact industries and communities that are reliant on these ecosystems," said co-author Dylan Irvine, Charles Darwin University, Australia.

Groundwater to get over 3 degrees warmer by century's end, threatening water quality and safety: Study

<keyword id="20025308" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="groundwater" source="keywords">Groundwater</keyword>, the Earth's largest source of unfrozen freshwater, is under threat. As our planet heats up, so too does the water hidden beneath our feet. Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology predict that by 2100, <keyword id="22348281" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="groundwater-temperatures" source="Orion">groundwater temperatures</keyword> could rise significantly, exceeding safe <keyword id="19905383" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="drinking-water" source="keywords">drinking water</keyword> standards in many regions.<br /><br />The culprit? <keyword id="20649149" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="greenhouse-gases" source="keywords">Greenhouse gases</keyword>. Their build-up in the atmosphere traps heat, warming not just the air but also the ground and the water it holds. The study used two climate scenarios, one moderate and one extreme, to estimate the impact. In both cases, the results were concerning.<br /><br />Under the more moderate scenario, groundwater temperatures are projected to rise by 2.1°C by 2100. This may not seem like much, but it's enough to push millions over the edge. Currently, around 30 million people already live in areas where groundwater exceeds safe drinking limits. With rising temperatures, this number could balloon to 77 to 188 million by 2100.<br /><br />Extreme scenarios paint an even bleaker picture. Here, groundwater temperatures could soar by 3.5°C, potentially impacting a staggering 59 to 588 million people. The vast range reflects regional variations in <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword> and population growth.<br /><br />The consequences of this hidden warming are far-reaching. Warmer groundwater can harbour harmful substances like arsenic and manganese, threatening human health. It can also disrupt delicate ecosystems and even impact geothermal energy potential. Fish, particularly those that rely on cool groundwater for spawning, could face reproductive issues.<br /><br />This isn't just an environmental concern; it's a public health crisis in the making. We need to act now to protect our precious groundwater resources. Sustainable practices, coupled with efforts to combat climate change, are crucial to ensure a future where clean drinking water remains a right, not a privilege.<br /><br />The findings of this study have been detailed in <em>Nature Geoscience</em> and can be accessed <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01453-x">here</a>.<br />

Groundwater temperatures could rise several notches by 2100, making it too hot to drink for millions!

<ul class="summary-list"><li><p>Renaissance artists may have used egg yolk to protect and alter their paintings, scientists find. </p></li><li>The study examined works by Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli among many others. </li></ul><p>Famous painters like Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and other Renaissance masters may have experimented with mixing egg yolk into their oil paint to help the paintings withstand humidity and to prevent wrinkling and yellowing, <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=000b592afbec831a9e9e5bdffa2eaaaf1dfc8d090b7bde5fc5a21a374bf1a61a&amp;postID=6429976f71518a6e911a0292&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41467-023-36859-5">scientists have found.</a></p><p>Research into the painting habits of the master painters "might improve the preservation of invaluable artworks," a study published by Nature Communication said. </p><p>While protein residue was previously detected in the masterpieces, the study shows that including the eggs were likely deliberate.  </p><p>In the study, experts found that adding eggs to oil paintings "acts as an antioxidant, slowing down the onset of curing." In other words, this combination helps to stop the paint from degrading. </p><p>"There are very few written sources about this, and no scientific work has been done before to investigate the subject in such depth," study author Ophélie Ranquet of the Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany, <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/old-masters-da-vinci-egg-yolk-painting-scn/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told CNN</a>. </p><p>"Our results show that even with a very small amount of egg yolk, you can achieve an amazing change of properties in the oil paint, demonstrating how it might have been beneficial for the artists."</p><div type="image" title="fried quail eggs in styrofoam takeout boxes" height="2847" width="3797" msid="99193992" hostid="261" sizebytes="190346"></div><p>In examining the effects of using egg yolk proteins in the oil, the scientists found that the egg proteins suppressed the water absorbed in the paint in humid environments. </p><p>While paintings dried, they also helped prevent yellowing and wrinkling — "a problem even Leonardo da Vinci encountered," the study found.</p><p>The artists "gave us the opportunity to admire their masterpieces still today," the study said.</p>

Renaissance artists da Vinci and Botticelli may have used egg yolk in their masterpieces, new study finds

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A study looked into the role of a manager's gender in deciding how much to compensate workers.</li><li>Female managers were more likely to pay workers adequate wages even if it came out of their pay.</li></ul><p>A <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271762">new study found</a> that female managers are more likely than male managers to give workers an adequate pay package.</p><p>Researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology conducted two studies to see how managers choose pay for workers, and found that it depends on multiple factors, including a manager's gender, if the manager has experience with the worker's job, and if there are any incentives.</p><p>The study found that both male and female <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271762">managers "generally" choose</a> to pay themselves more, in turn paying workers less. But male managers are more likely than female managers to keep more pay for themselves.</p><p>Female managers were more consistent in choosing fair pay for workers, and their choices about pay are less affected by incentives like paying themselves more, the <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271762">study found</a>. Male managers, on the other hand, more often chose to benefit themselves when it came to weighing their pay against workers' pay, according to the study.</p><p>The results point to the importance of diversity on managerial boards, the <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271762">study said</a>, adding that it may help reduce pay disparity between men and women, and "foster work atmosphere."</p><p>Women in European financial firms hold <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-28/european-banks-leave-us-behind-with-boardroom-sex-equality-gains#xj4y7vzkg">41% of leadership roles</a>, an increase of almost 2% in the past year. Meanwhile, in the US, a <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-28/european-banks-leave-us-behind-with-boardroom-sex-equality-gains#xj4y7vzkg">lower percentage</a> of leadership roles at financial institutions are filled by women at 33%.</p><p>"Various studies observe that women make more selfless and moral decisions than men," Nora Szech, one of the study's authors, said in <a href="https://www.newswise.com/articles/female-managers-pay-fairer?sc=rsla">a press release</a>. "However, we were shocked at how drastic the discrepancy was here. Our study shows that diversity in the executive ranks is important if the atmosphere in a company is to be appreciative and wage inequality is to be limited."</p>

Female managers give out better pay packages than male managers, new study reveals: 'We were shocked at how drastic the discrepancy was here'

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Courtesy Jens Bauer/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</span></p><p class="caption">Another honeycomb-inspired hexagonal microtruss structure. Compressive loads corresponding to 7823 pounds per square inch may be carried at a density less than half that of water.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Researchers in Germany have made a significant advance in creating lightweight, tough materials by taking a note from bone, wood and honeycombs.</p>
<p>A Karlsruhe Institute of Technology team fabricated polymer and alumina composites in a regular framework structure using 3-D laser lithography. Their hierarchical microarchitecture achieved extremely porous materials with strength-to-density ratios higher than bone, aluminum or steel.</p>
<p>"The novel lightweight construction materials resemble the framework structure of a half-timbered house with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal struts," said <a href="http://www.iam.kit.edu/wbm/73_925.php">Jens Bauer, a microarchitecture expert who lead the research</a>, in <a href="http://www.kit.edu/visit/pi_2014_14594.php">a statement</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2014/01/29/1315147111.DCSupplemental/pnas.201315147SI.pdf">Their samples</a> contained 45 percent to more than 90 percent air, making them extremely lightweight while also withstanding more than 46,000 pounds per square inch of pressure. They <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/111/7/2453.full">published their work recently in the journal</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Courtesy Jens Bauer/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</span></p><p class="caption">Compression test of a polymeric truss structure coated with 10 nm of alumina. It is almost 88 percent air, less than a fifth the density of water and withstands more than 870 psi of pressure.</p></div><p></p></div><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Courtesy Jens Bauer/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.</span></p><p class="caption">Compression test of a polymeric truss structure coated with 10 nm of alumina. It is 66 percent air, less than half the density of water and withstands more than 15,800 psi of pressure.</p></div><p></p></div></p>

New Construction Material Is Lighter Than Water, Stronger Than Steel

<p>Scientists are constantly on the look out for lighter, stronger, and more energy-efficient materials. Here's a glance at some materials that will change the way we build things in the future.</p>
<h2>Graphene is extremely thin and strong.</h2>
<p><strong>What it is:</strong> Graphene is a substance made of pure carbon. The carbon is arranged in a honeycomb pattern in a one-atom thick sheet. Another way to think of graphene: Each time we write with a graphite pencil, we are basically making layers of graphene.</p>
<p><strong>How it's transformative: <span></span></strong>Graphene has been called a "miracle material" because it's thin, strong, flexible, conducts electricity, and its nearly transparent. Its potential applications are practically limitless. Graphene researchers <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/press.html">won the Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 2010 for developing the wonder-material and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/make-graphene-in-your-kitchen-2014-4">now you can even make it in your kitchen</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested uses:</strong><span> Solar cells, touchscreens, liquid crystal displays, </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/lockheed-martin-desalination-graphene-filters-2013-3" target="_blank">desalination </a><span>technology, aerospace materials, more efficient transistors, chemical sensors that can detect explosives</span></p>
<p class="full"><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/story/image-gallery/">The University of Manchester</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<h2><strong>A super water-proof material makes drops bounce.</strong></h2>
<p><strong>What it is:</strong><span> </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-new-super-waterproof-material-makes-water-drops-bounce-off-it-2013-10" target="_blank">A surface textured</a> with extremely tiny cones repels water droplets. The super-<span>hydrophobic s</span>urface, created by a team at <a href="http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=11583" target="_blank">Brookhaven Laboratory in New York</a>, is unlike other water-resistant materials because it can stand up to conditions of extreme temperature, pressure, and humidity.</p>
<p><strong>How it's transformative: </strong>These surfaces not only don't get wet, but would stay cleaner since the water droplets carry dirt with them as they roll off (this mimics the self-cleaning properties of nature). The material would be useful for preventing ice or algae build-up or even as an antibacterial coating.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested uses: </strong>Coating boat hulls, car parts, and medical devices, car and plane windshields, steam turbine power generators</p>
<p><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cxuCydjJSA">BroohavenLab</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></strong></p>
<h2><strong>Aerographite is 75 times lighter than styrofoam. </strong></h2>
<p><strong>What it is:</strong><span> </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-material-is-lightest-in-the-world-2012-7#" target="_blank">Aerographite</a>, created by researchers at the <a href="http://www.uni-kiel.de/aktuell/pm/2012/2012-212-aerographit-e.shtml" target="_blank">Hamburg University of Technology</a> in 2012, is made from networks of hollow carbon tubes. It's black in color (because it absorbs light rays almost completely), stable at room temperature, and is able to conduct electricity. The material is really strong, but also bendable.</p>
<p><strong>How it's transformative:</strong> The material can be compressed into a space 95% its normal area and then pulled back to its original form without being damaged. The stress makes the material even stronger. This is unique since most lightweight materials can be compressed, but can't withstand tension. The material can also withstand a lot of vibration, which means it can be used for airplanes and satellites.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested uses:</strong> Lighter batteries for electric cars and bikes, more efficient water and air purification systems, aviation, and satellites.</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<h2><strong>An ultra-thin material provides protection against high-speed objects.</strong></h2>
<p><strong>What it is:</strong><span> </span>A super-thin material created by researchers at Rice University and MIT <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/paper-thin-material-can-stop-bullets-in-their-tracks-2012-11" target="_blank">can stop a fast-moving projectile</a>, such as a bullet, in its path. The material, made from alternating rubber and glassy layers that are each just 20 nanometers thick, is good at dispersing energy. After <a href="http://news.rice.edu/2012/10/30/microbullets-reveal-material-strengths-2/" target="_blank">being pelted</a> with tiny glass beads, the complex polyurethane material not only stopped the bullets, it also sealed them inside, making it appear as if no damage had been done.</p>
<p><strong style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><strong>How it's transformative: </strong></strong>When struck, the material melts into liquid to absorb the energy and then quickly hardens to close the entryway. "There's no macroscopic damage," project researcher Ned Thomas <a href="http://news.rice.edu/2012/10/30/microbullets-reveal-material-strengths-2/" target="_blank">explained in a statement</a>. "You can still see through it. This would be a great ballistic windshield material."</p>
<p><strong style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Suggested uses:</strong><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> Protection for satellites against meteors and other space debris, stronger jet turbine-blades, and stronger, lighter armor for soldiers and police</span></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Tommy LaVergne</span></p><p class="caption">Ned Thomas, dean of the George R. Brown School of Engineering at Rice and a materials scientist, holds a polyurethane disk with the bullets it stopped and sealed inside.</p></div><p></p></div></p>
<h2><strong>Live bacteria is used to make self-healing concrete. </strong></h2>
<p><strong>What it is:</strong> Concrete is a popular building material, but it's vulnerable to cracks. Water and chloride from icing salt can seep into pre-existing fissures and make them larger. Overtime, this can become a dangerous (and expensive) problem. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bacteria-make-concrete-self-healing-2012-11">Self-healing concrete</a>, developed by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJc8Xyk3w9o" target="_blank">scientists at Delft University in the Netherlands</a>, uses live bacteria - <span>mixed into the concrete before it is poured - to seal up those fractures.</span></p>
<p><strong>How it's transformative: </strong>When water gets into the cracks, the bacteria is activated and produces a component in limestone called calcite that fills up the crack completely. Researchers are still conducting outdoor tests to see if the concrete can be put to real use.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested uses:</strong> Sidewalks, building foundations, other architectural structures</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJc8Xyk3w9o">Totally Concrete Club/YouTube</a></span></p><p class="caption">Bacteria spores added to concrete mix are activated by water.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<h2><strong>A bone-like material that's lighter than water, but stronger than some types of steel.</strong></h2>
<p>Jens Bauer at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology recently developed a honeycomb- structured material that is <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-material-is-lighter-than-water-stronger-than-steel-2014-3">less dense than water</a>, but as strong as some forms of steel.</p>
<p>"The novel lightweight construction materials resemble the framework structure of a half-timbered house with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal struts," lead researcher Jens Bauer, said in a statement.</p>
<p>The researchers samples "contained 45 percent to more than 90 percent air, making them extremely lightweight while also withstanding more than 46,000 pounds per square inch of pressure,"<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-material-is-lighter-than-water-stronger-than-steel-2014-3" target="_blank"> according to Txchnologist</a>.</p>
<p><strong>How it's transformative:</strong> Even though objects made from this material can only be manufactured in the micrometer-range right now, this is the first time scientists were able to produce a material that exceeds "the strength-to-weight ratio of all engineering materials, with a density below 1,000 kg/m3," the authors <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/111/7/2453" target="_blank">wrote in a paper</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Suggested uses:</strong> Insulation, shock absorbers, filters in the chemical industry</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koRjc9AyV8Q">Jens Bauer and colleagues at Karlsruher Institute of Technology</a></span></p><p class="caption">A compression test is performed on the honeycomb structure</p></div><p></p></div></p>

6 Futuristic Construction Materials That Will Change The Way We Build Stuff

<p>Scientists have finally created the long-sought after invisibility cloak. Kinda. They've figured out a how to hide - or cloak - an object without casting a shadow.</p>
<p>Researcher Robert Schittny and his team from <a href="http://www.kit.edu/index.php">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a> in Germany, presented <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1254524">the findings</a> in Thursday's issue of the journal <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword>.</p>
<h3>What is cloaking?</h3>
<p>Cloaking devices work by rerouting light around an object - an optical trick similar to redirecting water around a rock in a stream. This makes it seem like the object isn't there, even when we look directly at it.</p>
<p>In a normal river, the flowing water bends around the rock, coming out disturbed downstream. The water downstream of a "cloaked" rock would appear to flow the same as the water upstream of the rock. If you were looking at the water downstream of the rock, it would look as though the rock wasn't there.</p>
<p>In a way, Schittny and his team performed this trick using light waves instead of water. They succeeded at rerouting light around an object in such a way that the light met up on the other side with little distortion.</p>
<p>The object did not cast a shadow, an impressive feat in the cloaking world. Since light is how we see, this means the object was basically made invisible.</p>
<h3>How they did it</h3>
<p>The researchers began by putting objects in stainless steel containers, or cores, like the cylinder and sphere pictured below. They then painted the core white to reflect and scatter the light.</p>
<p>They coated the white cylinder in the "cloak," a hard shell made of silicon and microparticles that scatter light. Below, the core on the left is without a cloak, while the core on the right has the cloak coating. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>From "Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light scattering medium" Schittny et. al.</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>The magnifying glass shows how the scattering particles move light within the cloak.</p>
<p>"Every light particle takes a more or less random walk, bouncing off the scatterers repeatedly," much like in fog or frosted glass, Schittney said via email.</p>
<p>The cloaked core was then deposited in a tank filled with a water-paint mixture. The paint particles also act as scatterers. The tank is only partially filled in the picture below, it was usually filled to the top during experiments. A liquid-crystal display screen sits behind the tank and is used as the light source.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>From "Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light  scattering medium" Schittny et. al.</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>The water-paint mixture is crucial to the experiment. This is because the "effective speed of light" in the cloak is about 5 times higher than the surrounding liquid.</p>
<p>"This higher speed inside the shell makes up for the geometrical detour that the light has to take on its way around the opaque core," Schittney said. The result is that the core is concealed and no longer casts a shadow.</p>
<p>You can see the results of the experiment below. The left panel is the experiment with the cylinder core and the right is with the spherical core. Both the top panels are empty tanks containing only the water-paint mixture. The second panels have the uncloaked cores in the tank as well. The third panels contain the cloaked core, also surrounded by the water-paint mixture, which practically disappears.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>From "Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light scattering medium" Schittny et. al.</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<h3>We're not there yet</h3>
<p>Since we are surrounded by air and not water-paint, it is worth asking whether the cloak works in air. Unfortunately, the answer is, not yet, as you can see in an experiment with the cylinder on the left panel below:</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>From "Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light scattering medium" Schittny et. al.</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p>The optical cloak works in the water-paint because the effective speed of light within the core cloak is faster than in the water-paint. Cloaking in a diffuse medium, such as the water-paint, effectively reduces the speed of light as it moves from point A to point B by bouncing it every which way to get there.</p>
<p>Creating a core cloak where the speed of light is faster than the surrounding air would would violate the speed of light's upper boundary, Schittny said.</p>
<p>So far, all attempts to visibly cloak objects when its surrounded by air have come "with restrictions in wavelength, or color, and size," Schittny said. "'Like this' it has never been done before, but there have been several other realizations of cloaking in optics and other physical systems," he said. We have seen <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/invisibility-cloak-could-hide-things-from-sonar-2014-3">cloaks that hide things from sonar</a> and that could <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/super-thin-invisibility-cloak-has-wide-military-applications-2013-1">cloak the electromagnetic signature of a Humvee</a>.</p>
<h3>The Future</h3>
<p>For an invisibility cloak to work in air, it needs to work for all colors of light for something to be completely disguised. "We call this a perfect or ideal cloak."</p>
<p>Schittny suggests that one of the next steps for this research could include adding movement into the mix: if the object itself is moving or the light source is not always on.</p>
<p>However, one of the most immediate practical application would be to disguise the unsightly bars that often protect windows. If the bars were cloaked within frosted glass, light would be allowed to enter without ever casting the shadow of the bars.</p>

You Searched For "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" and got 7 results

Groundwater to get over 3 degrees warmer by century's end, threatening water quality and safety: Study

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Groundwater temperatures could rise several notches by 2100, making it too hot to drink for millions!

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Renaissance artists da Vinci and Botticelli may have used egg yolk in their masterpieces, new study finds

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Female managers give out better pay packages than male managers, new study reveals: 'We were shocked at how drastic the discrepancy was here'

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