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<p><div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://www.apimages.com/OneUp.aspx?st=k&amp;kw=judy%20clarke&amp;showact=results&amp;sort=relevance&amp;intv=None&amp;sh=10&amp;kwstyle=and&amp;adte=1357318581&amp;pagez=60&amp;cfasstyle=AND&amp;rids=9d2cd877c87840d193c6d588c63598a0&amp;dbm=PY2012&amp;page=1&amp;xslt=1&amp;mediatype=Photo">AP Images</a></p><p class="caption">Judith Clarke</p></div>The woman responsible for representing some of society's most infamous <keyword id="6366200" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Criminals">criminals</keyword> is one of the most "badass" <keyword id="41930" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Lawyers">lawyers</keyword> America has to offer, <a href="http://www.quora.com/Attorneys/Who-is-the-most-badass-lawyer">according to Quora users</a>.</p>
<p>In response to a recent thread about the issue, user Dan Holliday dubbed Judith Clarke, most recently known for representing former U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords' shooter, "the greatest lawyer you've never heard of."</p>
<p>A hundred other Quora users voted for Clarke, making her one of the most badass lawyers who was nominated.</p>
<p>Clarke has also represented Unabomber <span><span></span></span>Ted Kaczynski, Atlanta Olympic Bomber Eric Rudolph, and Susan Smith, a mother accused of drowning her toddlers.</p>
<p>It's that notorious client list that earned Clarke the moniker of most badass layer.</p>
<p><span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990">"She doesn't fight to 'get her clients off,' she accepts their guilt by and large, she merely dedicates herself to preventing her clients from seeing the electric chair," Holliday wrote on Quora. "<span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990">She's so completely hated in some states for her skill and technique, that some states have even passed laws preventing 'out of state lawyers' from defending criminals in their state . . . <em>all because of her."</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Holliday was referring to a South Carolina <keyword id="6355470" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Law">law</keyword> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/us/11defender.html">that banned the appointment</a> of out-of-state attorneys in capital cases, a rule that was passed after Clarke defended Smith, The New York Times reported in 2011. <br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990"><span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990"></span></span></span>Clarke, who now teaches at Virginia's Washington &amp; Lee School of Law, has earned rave reviews from her students and colleagues alike, and has been described as low-key and unassuming.<br /></span></span></span></p>
<p><span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990"> "She knows how to <a href="http://www.roanoke.com/news/roanoke/wb/275512">screen out the noise</a>, and not be distracted by the fact that Barbara Walters is calling and wanting to jump on a plane and ... to 'get to know us,'" W&amp;L professor David Bruck told The Roanoke Times in 2011. </span></span></span></p>
<p><strong>DON'T MISS: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/legal-industry-job-data-2013-1">New Data Reveals There Aren't Nearly Enough Jobs For New Lawyers, Yet Some Refuse To Believe It &gt;</a></strong></p>
<p><span id="__w2_BGezhaP_toggle_link"><span id="ld_xV0RhC_40645"><span id="ld_yOoSd7_39990"><br /></span></span></span></p>

Favorite Attorney Of Mass Killers Dubbed One Of The Nation's Most 'Badass' Lawyers

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Getty Images/Alex Wong</span></p><p class="caption">Former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin addresses the 42nd annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) February 26, 2015 in National Harbor, Maryland.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Sarah Palin's defamation lawsuit against The New York Times was thrown out Tuesday by a federal judge.</p><p>The former Alaska governor had <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sarah-palin-sues-new-york-times-defamation-gabby-giffords-2017-6">sued the newspaper</a> this summer after its editorial board drew a link between an ad from her political action committee to the deadly shooting that left Rep. Gabby Giffords injured in 2011.</p><p>But as Manhattan federal judge Jed Rakoff wrote in an opinion dismissing the case, Palin did not have a "plausible factual basis" to claim that the paper had defamed her.</p><p>"Responsible journals will promptly correct their errors; others will not," Rakoff wrote.</p><p>He continued: "But if political journalism is to achieve its constitutionally endorsed role of challenging the powerful, legal redress by a public figure must be limited to those cases where the public figure has a plausible factual basis for complaining that the mistake was made maliciously, that is, with knowledge it was false or with reckless disregard of its falsity." </p><p>The Times <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/14/opinion/steve-scalise-congress-shot-alexandria-virginia.html">editorial</a>, which it published in June after a shooting at a congressional baseball game practice, suggested that Jared Lee Loughner, the gunman in the 2011 Tucson shooting, was incited by the ad from Palin's PAC, which showed crosshairs over Giffords's congressional district and other Democratic districts. </p><p>There is no evidence to suggest that Loughner saw the advertisement. The Times issued a correction the next day and amended the text of the editorial online. Palin filed her defamation suit two weeks later.</p><p>In dismissing the case, Rakoff cited a lack of proof that The Times had acted with "actual malice" - a crucial element of defamation - when it published the editorial. </p><p>"What we have here is an editorial, written and rewritten rapidly in order to voice an opinion on an immediate event of importance, in which are included a few factual inaccuracies somewhat pertaining to Mrs. Palin that are very rapidly corrected," Rakoff wrote.</p><p>He added: "Negligence this may be; but defamation of a public figure it plainly is not."</p><h2>Read the judge's opinion <a href="http://www.medialaw.org/images/medialawdaily/08.29.17nyt.pdf">here</a>.</h2>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-virginia-winery-vineyard-2016-11">We went inside the Charlottesville winery Trump bragged about during the press conference</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Sarah Palin's lawsuit against The New York Times just got thrown out

<p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Eric Thayer</span></p><p class="caption">Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) blows a kiss after reciting the Pledge of Allegiance during the final session of the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina September 6, 2012. </p>The New York Times <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/14/opinion/steve-scalise-congress-shot-alexandria-virginia.html?ref=opinion">corrected an op-ed</a> on Thursday that suggested the man who shot Rep. Gabby Giffords was inspired by an ad former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin's political action committee sent putting a target on Giffords' district.<p>In its broad attempt to condemn the dangers of heated political rhetoric following another shooting on Wednesday that wounded six people, including a congressman, the New York Times Editorial Board waded into controversy by mistakenly insinuating Jared Lee Loughner shot Giffords for political reasons.</p><p>"An earlier version of this editorial incorrectly stated that a link existed between political incitement and the 2011 shooting of Representative Gabby Giffords," the Times wrote on Thursday. "In fact, no such link was established."</p><p>Loughner's motivation was much less overtly political than many initially suspected.</p><p>The shooter, who plead guilty to the shooting in 2012, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/07/us/arizona-loughner-plea/index.html">had a long history</a> of mental illness which cast doubt over his supposed political radicalization.</p><p>Wednesday's op-ed sparked an enormous backlash on the right, which noted the factual inconsistency.</p><p>In a post on Facebook, Palin described the op-ed as "sickening."</p><p>"Despite commenting as graciously as I could on media coverage of yesterday's shooting, alas, today a perversely biased media's knee-jerk blame game is attempting to destroy innocent people with lies and more fake news," <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sarahpalin/posts/10155444479733588">Palin wrote</a>.</p>            <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kellyanne-conway-gma-trump-believes-climate-change-is-a-hoax-paris-accord-global-warming-2017-6">'I'll ask it one more time': Kellyanne Conway won't say whether Trump thinks climate change is a hoax</a></h3>                                    Please enable Javascript to watch this video

New York Times corrects column that drew huge backlash for blaming Sarah Palin in Gabby Giffords' shooting

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"></div></div>The lawyer for the Boston Marathon bomber <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">admitted at the start of her client's trial this week that he was guilty</a> - even though he already pleaded not guilty two years ago, when he was charged with planting two bombs near the race's finish line.</p><p>This seems like a counterintuitive move made by Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, one of the top death-penalty lawyers in the US. But the not guilty plea is part of her larger strategy to get her client a more lenient sentence.</p><p>This strategy worked when Clarke defended Jared Lee Loughner, the gunman who in 2011 shot nearly 20 people at a Tucson, Arizona, supermarket, including then-Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. After initially pleading not guilty, Loughner <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/07/us/arizona-loughner-plea/">agreed to a deal</a> that took the death penalty off the table.</p><p>Legal expert and Ohio State University law professor <a href="http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/faculty/professor/douglas-a-berman/">Douglas Berman</a> told Business Insider that the <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defense">defense</keyword> could be using the trial as a sort of test run to prepare for the penalty phase, which will decide whether Tsarnaev gets the death penalty.</p><p>Tsarnaev's not guilty plea isn't necessarily a claim of innocence but rather an expression that the defense wants to hold the government to its burden of proof in the case, Berman said. Once the prosecution lays out its case, the defense will be better informed on how to argue against a death sentence in the penalty phase.</p><p>The defense "wants to see how the government is going to put its case together, who the witnesses are, what kind of arguments they make about the defendant," Berman said.</p><p>"The best way to do this is to have this trial phase where the government is going to put forward all of its evidence, which is not just about guilt but why the death penalty is appropriate, and then the defense has essentially a preview and can then start from the get-go on developing a corresponding, much more informed strategy for the penalty phase."</p><p>By entering a not guilty plea and going through a trial, the defense gets a look at how the prosecution is going to build a case against Tsarnaev. It also gets to see how the jury will react to its own strategy.</p><p>"In so many ways, it's not just what's forced the government to show their hand, it's also, 'Let's make our point before the main event and see how the jury seems to be responding and what kind of reactions we think we're getting from the judge and the jury as we put forward a variety of suggestions," Berman said.</p><p>Clarke's admission that her client did participate in the bombing could also be a strategic move, allowing her to build credibility with the jury and make them feel as if they can trust what she says.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div></p><p>Because there isn't much of a question of whether Dzhokhar helped carry out the plot, the defense will most likely now focus on diminishing his role and emphasizing the part played by his late older brother, Tamerlan.</p><p>On the first day of the trial, Clarke held up two photos of the brothers - one from years before the marathon attack and the second from the scene of the bombing where they're shown carrying backpacks containing explosives, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">according to</a> the AP. She then asked the jury: "What took Dzhokhar Tsarnaev from this ... to this?"</p><p>There is also still potential for Tsarnaev to seek a plea deal down the line, as Loughner did.</p><p>"Maybe it's a hope on the part of the defense that if they go through the guilt phase, the government will see that they'll have a challenge getting a death sentence," Berman said. "... Given that there's no doubt about guilt and a life sentence is pretty likely regardless, I'm sure the defense is at every stage saying [to the prosecution], either directly or indirectly, 'Is this really worth all your time and energy?'"</p><p>Dzhokhar, 21, has been charged with planting two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon in 2013. The attack killed three people and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/marathon-bombing-injuries-still-rising-2013-4">injured more than 200 others</a>. His older brother, Tamerlan, whom the defense appears to be portraying as the mastermind behind the bombing, died in 2013 during a manhunt for the brothers in Watertown, Massachusetts.</p>

Why Boston bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is on trial despite already admitting guilt

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div>A jury is now deliberating over whether 21-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is guilty of bombing the Boston Marathon and killing a police officer in 2013, but his lawyer already <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">admitted at the start of the trial</a> that he did it.</p><p>This might seem like a counterintuitive move considering that Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty two years ago when he was charged with planting two bombs near the race's finish line.</p><p>But the not guilty plea was likely part of a larger strategy on the part of Judy Clarke, Tsarnaev's attorney who is one of the top death-penalty lawyers in the US. She is aiming to get her client a more lenient sentence and help him avoid the death penalty.</p><p>This strategy worked when Clarke defended Jared Lee Loughner, the gunman who in 2011 shot nearly 20 people at a Tucson, Arizona, supermarket, including then-Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. After initially pleading not guilty, Loughner <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/07/us/arizona-loughner-plea/">agreed to a deal</a> that took the death penalty off the table.</p><p>Legal expert and Ohio State University <keyword id="6355470" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Law">law</keyword> professor <a href="http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/faculty/professor/douglas-a-berman/">Douglas Berman</a> told Business Insider last month that the <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Defense">defense</keyword> could be using the trial as a sort of test run to prepare for the penalty phase, which will decide whether Tsarnaev gets the death penalty.</p><p>Tsarnaev's not guilty plea isn't necessarily a claim of innocence but rather an expression that the defense wanted to hold the government to its burden of proof in the case, Berman said. The defense wanted to see how the government was going to put its case together, Berman said.</p><p>"The best way to do this is to have this trial phase where the government is going to put forward all of its evidence, which is not just about guilt but why the death penalty is appropriate," he added, "and then the defense has essentially a preview and can then start from the get-go on developing a corresponding, much more informed strategy for the penalty phase."</p><p>By entering a not guilty plea and going through a trial, the defense got a look at how the prosecution built its case against Tsarnaev. </p><p>"In so many ways, it's not just what's forced the government to show their hand, it's also, 'Let's make our point before the main event and see how the jury seems to be responding and what kind of reactions we think we're getting from the judge and the jury as we put forward a variety of suggestions," Berman said.</p><p>Clarke's admission that her client did participate in the bombing could also be a strategic move, which let her build credibility with the jury and make them feel like they could trust her.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Because there isn't much of a question of whether Dzhokhar helped carry out the plot, the defense has focused on diminishing his role and emphasizing the part played by his late older brother, Tamerlan.</p><p>On the first day of the trial, Clarke held up two photos of the brothers - one from years before the marathon attack and the second from the scene of the bombing where they're shown carrying backpacks containing explosives, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">according to</a> the AP. She then asked the jury: "What took Dzhokhar Tsarnaev from this ... to this?"</p><p>There is also still potential for Tsarnaev to seek a plea deal down the line, as Loughner did.</p><p>"Maybe it's a hope on the part of the defense that if they go through the guilt phase, the government will see that they'll have a challenge getting a death sentence," Berman said. "Given that there's no doubt about guilt and a life sentence is pretty likely regardless, I'm sure the defense is at every stage saying [to the prosecution], either directly or indirectly, 'Is this really worth all your time and energy?'"</p><p>Dzhokhar has been charged with planting two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon in 2013. The attack killed three people and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/marathon-bombing-injuries-still-rising-2013-4">injured more than 200 others</a>. His older brother, Tamerlan, whom the defense appears to be portraying as the mastermind behind the bombing, died in 2013 during a manhunt for the brothers in Watertown, Massachusetts.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/melting-ice-caps-antarctica-science-global-warming-2015-3">Scientists have discovered an 'unstoppable' trend in Antarctica</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="VjcDVwczoF6rxkJ0wyYfYCgxVv4lb9uX" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Why the Boston bomber pleaded not guilty even though his lawyer told the court he did it

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div>At the start of the Boston Marathon bomber's trial, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">his lawyer admitted to the jury that he's guilty</a> - even though he already pleaded not guilty two years ago after he was charged with planting two bombs near the finish line.</p><p>This seems like a counterintuitive move made by Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, one of the top death penalty lawyers in the US. But the not guilty plea is part of her larger strategy to get her client a more lenient sentence.</p><p><span>This strategy worked when Clarke defended Jared Lee Loughner, the gunman who in 2011 shot nearly 20 people at a Tucson, Arizona supermarket, including then-Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. After initially pleading not guilty, Loughner </span><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/07/us/arizona-loughner-plea/">agreed to a deal</a><span> that took the death penalty off the table.</span></p><p>Legal expert and Ohio State University <keyword id="6355470" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Law">law</keyword> professor <a href="http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/faculty/professor/douglas-a-berman/">Douglas Berman</a> told Business Insider that the <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defense">defense</keyword> could be using the trial as a sort of test-run to prepare for the penalty phase, which will decide whether Tsarnaev gets the death penalty.</p><p>Tsarnaev's not guilty plea isn't necessarily a claim of innocence, but rather an expression that the defense wants to hold the government to its burden of proof in the case, Berman explained. And once the prosecution lays out its case, the defense will be better informed on how to argue against a death sentence in the penalty phase.</p><p>"[The defense] wants to see how the government is going to put its case together, who the witnesses are, what kind of arguments they make about the defendant," Berman said.</p><p>"The best way to do this is to have this trial phase where the government is going to put forward all of its evidence, which is not just about guilt but why the death penalty is appropriate, and then the defense has essentially a preview and can then start from the get-go on developing a corresponding, much more informed strategy for the penalty phase."</p><p>By entering a not guilty plea and going through a trial, the defense gets a look at how the prosecution is going to build a case against Tsarnaev. It also gets to see how the jury will react to the defense's own strategy.</p><p>"In so many ways, it's not just what's forced the government to show their hand, it's also 'let's make our point before the main event and see how the jury seems to be responding and what kind of reactions we think we're getting from the judge and the jury as we put forward a variety of suggestions," Berman said.</p><p>Clarke's admission that her client <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">did participate in the bombing could also be a strategic move, allowing her to build credibility with the jury and make them feel like they can trust what she says.</span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Since there isn't much of a question of whether Dzhokhar helped carry out the plot, the defense will likely now focus on diminishing his role and emphasizing the part played by his now-deceased older brother Tamerlan.</p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">On the first day of the trial, Clarke held up two photos of the brothers - one from years before the marathon attack and the second from the scene of the bombing where they're shown carrying backpacks containing explosives, </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dzhokhar-tsarnaevs-defense-attorney-he-participated-in-the-boston-bombing-2015-3">according to</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> the AP. She then asked the jury: "What took Dzhokhar Tsarnaev from this ... to this?"</span></p><p>There's also still potential for Tsarnaev to seek a plea deal down the line, like Loughner did.</p><p>"Maybe it's a hope on the part of the defense that if they go through the guilt phase, the government will see that they'll have a challenge getting a death sentence," Berman said. "... Given that there's no doubt about guilt and a life sentence is pretty likely regardless, I'm sure the defense is at every stage saying [to the prosecution], either directly or indirectly, is this really worth all your time and energy?'"</p><p>Dzhokhar, 21, has been charged with planting two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon in 2013. The attack killed three people and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/marathon-bombing-injuries-still-rising-2013-4">injured more than 200 others</a>. His older brother Tamerlan, whom the defense appears to be portraying as the mastermind behind the bombing, died in 2013 during a manhunt for the brothers in Watertown, Massachusetts.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iphone-headphones-tricks-2015-2">14 things you didn't know your iPhone headphones could do</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="o2OGM3czpWcydnvhjbkDBd6feXPuExiD" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Here's why the Boston bomber pleaded not guilty even though his lawyer told the court that he did it

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">David Hogg, a senior at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, speaks at a rally calling for more gun control three days after the shooting at his school, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 17, 2018.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>US politicians like President Donald Trump have blamed recent deadly shootings on individuals' <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/florida-shooting-does-mental-illness-lead-to-violence-2018-2">mental health problems</a>.</strong></li><li><strong>But mental health issues aren't predictive of violent outbursts: </strong><strong>Although one in five Americans struggle with mental illness, people with mental health problems account for just 3% of violent crime.</strong></li><li><strong>There is a different, notable link between violence and mental illness: People with major mental illnesses are 2.5 times more likely to be the victims of violent outbursts than the general public.</strong></li></ul><p><strong><br /></strong>As mass shootings by <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/deadliest-mass-shootings-almost-all-have-domestic-violence-connection-2017-11">young, angry men armed with machine guns</a> become deadlier and more frequent in the US, politicians like President Donald Trump have suggested that mental health problems may be fueling these violent massacres.</p><p><span>"So many signs that the </span>Florida shooter was mentally disturbed,<span> even expelled from school for bad and erratic behavior," Trump tweeted </span><a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">after the deadly shooting in Parkland, Florida that killed 17 people</a><span>. "Neighbors and classmates knew he was a big problem. Must always report such instances to authorities, again and again!"</span> </p><p>Although reporting worrisome behavior is a good idea, the scientific evidence about the connection between violence and mental health issues doesn't support Trump's position.</p><p><span>Nikolas Cruz, </span>the 19-year-old former student who shot up his Florida high school last week, had a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/florida-shooting-suspect-nicolas-cruz-troubled-family-life-disturbed-2018-2">reportedly checkered history</a> of jealous and violent outbursts - but that's not the same thing as a bona fide mental health diagnosis.</p><h2>Mass shooters don't usually have diagnosed mental health issues</h2><p>In 2015, Psychiatrist Michael Stone catalogued a <a href="http://files.www.cmhnetwork.org/news/Mass_Murder_Mental_Illness_and_Men.pdf">comprehensive database</a> of more than 235 mass murders committed in the US. He found that in reality, about a quarter of the perpetrators of those acts were "clearly mentally ill."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Joe Raedle/Getty Images</span></p><p class="caption">People hug as they attend a candlelight memorial service for the victims of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School that killed 17 people on February 15, 2018 in Parkland, Florida.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>But the majority of the rage-filled, bigoted, grudge-holding men who plan these kinds of tragic killings don't necessarily mentally ill, Stone said.</p><p>Stone said many people assume that because someone has committed a deadly act, that must mean they're crazy. But that's not true.</p><p>In fact, according to the American Psychiatric Association, people with serious mental health problems account for <a href="https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/appi.books.9781615371099">just 3% of all violent crime</a>, though as many as <a href="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Infographics/GeneralMHFacts.pdf">one in five people in the US</a> experience a mental illness every year.</p><p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/4-of-violence-involves-mental-illness-2016-6">Most mentally ill people are never violent</a><span>. Information from the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318286/">National Center for Health Statistics</a> similarly shows that fewer than 5% of the 120,000 gun-related killings in the US between 2001 and 2010 were perpetrated by people diagnosed with mental illness. Only <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26073414">1%</a> of discharged psychiatric patients commit violence against strangers using a gun. And the mentally ill also <a href="https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/appi.books.9781615371099">account for less than 3%</a> of all violent acts with guns. </span></p><p><span>Data from <a href="https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/appi.books.9781615371099">American Psychiatric Association</a> suggests Americans are about 15 times more likely to be struck by lightning than to be killed by a stranger with a mental diagnosis.</span></p><p>According to Stone's research, even shooters who are mentally ill aren't typically on anyone's radar before they act. Three of the most dramatic mass murders by people with diagnosable mental illness in recent history include the shooting at Sandy Hook that killed 27 (Adam Lanza), the movie-theater shooting in Aurora, Colorado that killed 12 in 2012 (James Holmes), and the six people who died in Tucson when Rep Gaby Giffords was shot in 2011 (Jared Lee Loughner).</p><p>The perpetrators of these deadly crimes were all "young men, barely 20, with no record of previous mental hospitalizations and no compelling reason why they should not have been permitted to buy rifles," Stone said. </p><p><span>Of course, mental illness often goes undiagnosed. Estimates suggest it's actually more common in developed countries than any other group of illnesses, including <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealthsurveillance/fact_sheet.html">cancer and heart disease</a>. According to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealthsurveillance/fact_sheet.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,</a> roughly 80 million American adults are struggling with a mental illness at any given time, which is a far cry from the <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml">19.2 million</a> that successfully seek treatment every year. </span><span>The <a href="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/data-behavioral-health.aspx">American Psychological Association</a> estimates that only about a third of depressed patients in the US ever get diagnosed by their primary care doctors. </span></p><p><span>But given that mental health problems are <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml">more common among women</a> than men, and just as common in the US as all other highly developed countries, mental health is <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/mental-illness-and-violence">not a logical explanation</a> for America's mass shooting problem. </span></p><h2><span>People with mental health problems are more likely to be victims </span></h2><p><span>Experts say that legislation restricting mentally ill people from getting guns would not do much to stop the deadly carnage the US now sees on a regular basis.</span></p><p><span>But there is a link between mental health issues and violence. Time and again, studies have shown that mentally ill patients are <a href="http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301680">two to three times more likely</a> to be the victims of violent crime than other people. </span></p><p><span>I</span><span>f someone has been diagnosed with a serious mental illness, like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, that number jumps to 12 times the normal rate. </span></p><p><span>Researchers suggest that people struggling with mental illnesses might face an increased risk for victimization because they tend to live in more dangerous places (like on the streets or in group homes), deal with drug and alcohol addiction, or become irritable, paranoid, and less aware of their surroundings.</span></p><h2><span>If mentally ill people aren't committing mass murder, who is? </span></h2><p><span>People who study violent events say there is a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/deadliest-mass-shootings-almost-all-have-domestic-violence-connection-2017-11">well-established pattern</a> among most mass shooters: They're typically angry young men who feel they've been "wronged" and are looking for revenge. </span></p><p><span>Forensic psychiatrist Liza Gold teaches at Georgetown and edited the book "<a href="https://www.appi.org/Gun_Violence_and_Mental_Illness">Gun Violence and Mental Illness</a>." </span><span>She told Business Insider in 2017 that mass shooters tend to be "impulsive and angry about a lot of different things" and many have a history with law enforcement or violence, especially domestic violence. </span></p><p><span>Overall, the ratio of male killers to female killers in Stone's cataloged, which dates back to 1913 in the US, <a href="http://files.www.cmhnetwork.org/news/Mass_Murder_Mental_Illness_and_Men.pdf">is 24 to 1</a>. </span><span>Stone says that makes sense psychologically, since men have been shown to be more likely to take out their aggression and anger on the outside world. Women, on the other hand, tend to be more "intropunitive" and blame themselves for their anger. </span></p><p><span>The men who go on killing sprees also tend to be young (roughly 85% are under the age of 44) and working-class. </span><span>A <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1525086/">2003 study</a> in the journal World Psychiatry summed the profile up this way: "the major determinants of violence continue to be socio-demographic and socio-economic factors such as being young, male, and of lower socio-economic status."</span></p><p><span>That's not something that can be alleviated with more mental health treatment, but it is a worrisome trend that seems likely to continue if young, rageful American men continue to have easy access to guns.</span></p>      <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/noise-pollution-effects-human-hearing-health-quality-of-life-2018-1">Noise pollution is a bigger threat to your health than you may think, and Americans aren't taking it seriously</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

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