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Markets regulator <keyword id="19901201" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sebi" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Sebi" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Sebi">SEBI</keyword> has asked the <keyword id="20677983" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mutual-fund-industry" source="keywords">mutual fund industry</keyword> to proactively conduct stress tests, a key component of <keyword id="20383727" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="risk-management" source="keywords">risk management</keyword> for the financial sector, which will help strengthen the ecosystem, its whole-time member Ananth Narayan Gopalakrishnan said on Friday. The regulator's stress testing emphasizes the need to assess and manage liquidity risks, especially in small and midcap equity schemes. Speaking at a mutual fund event, Gopalakrishnan highlighted the importance of modelling stress scenarios not just for individual schemes or fund houses, but for the entire mutual fund ecosystem. "It is also important to model stress scenarios for the entire composite mutual fund ecosystem. I would strongly encourage the industry and <keyword id="20090036" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AMFI" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="AMFI" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="AMFI">AMFI</keyword> to take the lead and proactively conduct objective and credible industry wide stress tests. themselves," Gopalakrishnan said. He also emphasized the need to find better ways to communicate the risks associated with different mutual fund schemes. The SEBI official mentioned that while the current risk measurement system is straightforward and has had a significant impact, it doesn't fully capture the differences in risks among various investment schemes. According to him, many schemes are just labelled as high risk, even though they have different kinds of risks. The goal is to improve this system to better reflect those differences, while keeping it simple and easy to understand. One possible approach is to consider the portfolio's volatility and liquidity from stress tests to give a clearer picture. "While ensuring simplicity and ease of understanding remains a key objective, perhaps the underlying volatility of the portfolio along with the liquidity of the portfolio from stress tests could be used to provide better colour all around," he added. This comes at a time when the holdings of mutual funds by <keyword id="20234284" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="domestic-institutional-investors" source="keywords">Domestic Institutional Investors</keyword> (DIIs) and individuals have risen from about 54.3% of free float of all mid cap and small cap companies, as of March 2020 to 60.6% as of March 2024. Several fund houses have proactively stopped lump sum investments in some small-cap schemes and also capped the amount that can be invested through <keyword id="20675888" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="systematic-investment-plan" source="keywords">Systematic Investment Plan</keyword> (SIP) into small-cap schemes. He also highlighted the potential mismatch between the demand for paper and the supply of fresh paper coming into the ecosystem. Gopalakrishnan said the industry can make more progress in streamlining operations and improving efficiency for investors. "At a time when instantaneous fund transfers have become ubiquitous in our country, perhaps we should look to improve our internal processes and the security settlement ecosystem, to ensure that funds are passed on to investors on the day of the settlement itself, rather than a day after or two days after," he added. Over the last few years, the mutual fund industry has made impressive strides, and is now playing a crucial role in channeling financial savings towards risk capital formation. This was driven by stable macros, increased formalization, robust corporate earnings, digitisation and user friendly access. Moreover, the number of mutual fund investors has grown significantly from about 2 crore as of March 2019 to nearly 4.7 crore as of June 2024, an impressive compounded annual growth rate of 18% during that period. Gopalakrishnan mentioned that several exciting initiatives are in the works, developed with input from all stakeholders. These include a proposed low-ticket SIP, further breaking down regular SIPs into smaller, more accessible units (sachetisation and tokenization), and the introduction of "mutual funds lite" regulations. These new regulations will simplify rules for passively managed funds, reducing the compliance burden and encouraging competition and innovation. Additionally, a new class of higher-risk schemes is proposed for investors with a greater capacity to handle risk.

SEBI asks mutual fund industry to proactively conduct stress test

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Iran is believed to have weaponized pharmaceutical agents to kill or incapacitate.</li><li>These chemical weapons affect a victim's central nervous system.</li></ul>Iran has developed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nerve-agents-chemical-weapons-how-they-work-2018-3">chemical weapons</a> based on synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, warns a US expert, powerful agents that could incapacitate soldiers or civilians when added to grenades or artillery.Pharmaceutical-based agents, or PBA, are essentially weaponized medicines that incapacitate or kill their victims depending on the exposure. Iran may have given PBA to its proxies such as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-naim-qassem-longtime-deputy-now-leading-hezbollah-2024-10">Hezbollah</a>, which could use them to kidnap Israeli troops and civilians."At a time of growing regional instability in the Middle East, largely the result of the militancy of Iranian proxies, the threats posed by Iran's weaponized PBA program can no longer be overlooked," wrote Matthew Levitt in an <a target="_blank" href="https://ctc.westpoint.edu/tehrans-tactical-knockout-weaponized-pharmaceutical-based-agents/">article</a> for the Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point.The U.S. Government Accountability Office defines PBAs as "chemicals based on pharmaceutical compounds, which may or may not have legitimate medical uses, and can cause severe illness or death when misused." They include opioids such as fentanyl and tranquilizers for animals.These drugs affect a victim's central nervous system. "Once inhaled, these agents cause victims to lose full consciousness and enable the forces deploying them to advance quickly and quietly and/or take captive the unconscious victims," Levitt wrote.Iran was a victim of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-uses-chemical-weapons-against-ukraine-cause-panic-war-report-2024-4">chemical warfare</a> during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, when Iraqi chemical attacks — including <a target="_blank" href="https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/iraq-once-devasted-iran-with-chemical-weapons-as-the-world-stood-by-governments-still-struggle-to-respond-to-chemical-warfare/">nerve gases</a> such as Sarin, and mustard gas — contributed to as many as 1 million Iranian casualties. But Iran employed its own mustard gas on a few occasions during the war. Israel believes Iran used PBAs against rebels in the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/drones-usher-in-a-brutal-new-phase-syrian-civil-war-2024-3">Syrian Civil War</a>, while there are reports that pro-Iranian militias in Iraq may have unleashed them against anti-government protestors."The problem is that Iran is right when they said they've been victims of chemical weapons in terrible ways during the Iran-Iraq war," Levitt, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute think tank, told Business Insider. "But the reality is they themselves have been using these as well."The US and its allies have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.elysee.fr/admin/upload/default/0001/05/2ffa826926cd72354b90a05f7de765bfcc9908b6.pdf">warned</a> for years that Iran is developing pharmaceutical-based weapons in breach of the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention, which bans the manufacture and use of "toxic chemicals," defined as "chemical action on life processes [that] can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals." Treaty signatories — including Iran — are obligated to destroy existing stockpiles.Still, evidence suggests Iran is pursuing PBAs. "In 2014, Iran's Chemistry Department of IHU [Imam Hossein University] sought kilogram quantities of medetomidine — a [veterinary] sedative it has researched as an aerosolized incapacitant — from Chinese exporters, according to a 2023 US State Department's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.state.gov/2023-condition-10c-annual-report-on-compliance-with-the-chemical-weapons-convention-cwc/">report</a>. "The Chemistry Department has little history of veterinary or even medical research, and the quantities sought (over 10,000 effective doses) were inconsistent with the reported end use of research."In September 2023, Iranian anti-government hackers "posted confidential documents detailing an Iranian military university's development of grenades meant to disseminate medetomidine," the State Department said.Of particular concern were references in Iranian literature to the 2002 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.history.com/news/opioid-chemical-weapons-moscow-theater-hostage-crisis">Dubrovka incident</a>, when Russian security forces pumped pharmaceutical-based gas — probably fentanyl or <a target="_blank" href="https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/hq092216_attach.pdf">carfentanyl</a>, another synthetic opioid vastly more potent — into a crowded Moscow theater to subdue Chechen rebels who had taken almost a thousand hostages. Commandos then stormed the building and killed the incapacitated rebels — but the gas also killed more than 130 hostages.Yet restricting PBAs is difficult because they overlap with products used for legitimate law enforcement and medical purposes. For example, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/3/21277995/police-tear-gas-protests-history-effects-violence">tear gas</a> has been used by law enforcement as a riot control agent since the First World War, while US troops used it in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.thenmusa.org/articles/tunnel-rats-of-the-vietnam-war/">Vietnam War</a> to smoke out enemy tunnels. Tear gas is still legal when employed for riot control, but not as a battlefield weapon.Stopping nations from manufacturing PBAs is " very, very difficult, which is why you've seen such a focus on diplomatic efforts, sanctions and some law enforcement actions," said Levitt.Iranian PBAs are a particular problem if Tehran has supplied them to proxies such as Hezbollah. "Deploying weapons produced with dual-use items, and then providing said weapons to proxies, provides Iran with multiple layers of cover and reasonable deniability for having done so at all," the CTC article noted.Israel feared that Hezbollah would use PBA weapons as part of an alleged plan to seize the Galilee region of northern Israel and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gaza-israels-special-forces-rescue-woman-on-a-motorbike-hostage-and-3-others-2024-6">kidnap Israeli citizens</a>. "Maybe you just use them to incapacitate the border guards and reach the now unprotected civilians," Levitt said. "Or, you actually target and incapacitate the soldiers so you can kidnap or capture them."Israel's recent military <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-launches-ground-offensive-into-lebanon-destroy-hezbollah-targets-2024-9">offensives in Lebanon</a> have badly hurt Hezbollah, including its huge arsenal of missiles. But PBAs can be added to hand grenades and mortar shells, of which Hezbollah still has ample stocks. And there remains a possibility that US forces could clash with Iran and its allies and encounter pharmaceutical-based agents. (The US, in contrast, completed the destruction of its chemical weapons in 2023.)However, Levitt emphasizes that PBAs are not in the same league as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rangers-are-training-to-neutralize-enemy-nuclear-sites-2024-11">weapons of mass destruction</a> such as nerve gas, which is potent enough to kill widely across exposure areas. "This is not a strategic threat. It is a tactical weapon."Nonetheless, chemical weapons do have a frightening aura, even if fentanyl gas is nowhere near as deadly as nerve gas. "I think that many, many people would see it that way because you're talking about chemical weapons," Levitt said.Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/@mipeck1">Twitter</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mipeck/">LinkedIn</a>.

Iran has developed fentanyl-based chemical weapons

<keyword id="20242921" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Adobe" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Adobe" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Adobe">Adobe</keyword> has launched two new initiatives aimed at empowering both learners and marketing professionals through advanced AI technologies. The announcements were made at Adobe MAX 2024, which is underway at Miami Beach, Florida. The company unveiled a new global initiative designed to provide <keyword id="21872144" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI-literacy" source="keywords">AI literacy</keyword>, content creation and <keyword id="20399182" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-marketing" source="keywords">digital marketing</keyword> skills to 30 million next generation learners so that they can carve a niche for themselves in the modern workforce. <h2>Collaborating with <keyword id="20153384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Coursera" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Coursera" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Coursera">Coursera</keyword> </h2> Adobe is collaborating with Coursera, educational institutions, NGOs, and other education platforms to make its training and certification accessible to a diverse range of emerging professionals. Adobe’s initiative also features a focus on responsible AI use, ensuring learners are equipped to handle emerging technologies in an ethical manner. The curriculum will cover various areas such as generative AI, social media content, and multi-channel advertising. Courses have already been rolled out globally on Coursera. To enhance inclusivity, Adobe is providing $250,000 in scholarships and expanding partnerships with nonprofits like DECA and NPower to integrate skilling opportunities into youth education programs. The company has pledged over $100 million this year through scholarships, product access, and partnerships to help learners from all backgrounds thrive in today’s workforce. Adobe’s Stacy Martinet, VP of Marketing Strategy and Communications, said that the goal is to ensure AI becomes a bridge, not a barrier, in helping professionals succeed. “Adobe’s mission has always been to design products that create opportunities and empower people from all backgrounds to change the world,” she said and added, “We want AI to bridge the digital divide not widen it, and this program will open doors for emerging professionals to succeed in the future workforce with AI literacy, content creation and marketing skills.” <h2><keyword id="23563843" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="GenStudio" source="keywords">GenStudio</keyword> for Performance Marketing </h2> Simultaneously, Adobe also launched GenStudio for Performance Marketing, an AI-driven application that aims to accelerate the creation and management of marketing campaigns. By integrating generative AI tools such as Adobe Firefly and third-party large language models, GenStudio empowers marketers and creative teams to generate high volumes of personalised content for digital campaigns. The new tool addresses a critical challenge faced by businesses today: the demand for dynamic, on-brand content that can be tailored to individual consumer preferences across multiple platforms. GenStudio streamlines the content supply chain, from creation to activation, enabling marketing teams to respond quickly to shifting consumer trends. Adobe has forged key partnerships with platforms like Google Campaign Manager 360, Meta, TikTok, Microsoft Advertising, and Snap, allowing brands to activate and adjust campaigns based on real-time insights. This integration, Adobe says, provides marketers with a comprehensive view of campaign performance, helping them tailor content to resonate more effectively with their target audiences. Prativa Mohapatra, Adobe India’s VP and Managing Director, highlighted how the new AI-powered workflows bring marketing and creative teams closer together. Brands like Air India and HDFC Bank have already begun exploring the possibilities of GenStudio, with plans for broader adoption across various industries. “With collaborations across industry leaders like Air India, HDFC Bank, Hero MotoCorp, Adobe is empowering marketing and digital teams to seamlessly manage multi-channel campaigns, with real-time insights to optimize performance. We’re excited to see how more Indian businesses will harness GenStudio to revolutionize their marketing strategies and deliver exceptional customer experiences,” she said.

Adobe collaborates with Coursera and others to help people develop AI skills, announces new AI-powered marketing tool

Indians are no strangers to <keyword id="20473570" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fasting" source="keywords">fasting</keyword>. It is a cultural experience at this point, with various religions incorporating it in different ways — think the Paryushan Parva observed by Jains, <keyword id="19958816" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="karva-chauth" source="keywords">Karva Chauth</keyword> practised by Hindus and Ramdan among Muslims. However, more and more people are gaining awareness about the <keyword id="19923745" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="health-benefits" source="keywords">health benefits</keyword> of the act of fasting, with research suggesting it can delay certain diseases and potentially extend lifespan. But as is the case with most things, the effects of fasting are not all black or white. For instance, a recent Nature <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02700-2" data-type="tilCustomLink">study</a> conducted on mice uncovered that the real health <keyword id="4041005" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="benefits-of-fasting" source="Orion">benefits of fasting</keyword> may emerge not during the fast itself, but when one breaks the fast and resumes eating. This refeeding period, according to the study, triggers a surge in stem cell activity that helps repair damage in the intestines. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112710079" title="What habits do the world&amp;#39;s oldest people have that help them live so long and healthily?" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Ömer Yilmaz and his team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (<keyword id="54274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mit" source="Orion">MIT</keyword>) revealed that <keyword id="19896839" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stem-cells" source="keywords">stem cells</keyword> in the intestines multiplied at the highest rate when mice were allowed to eat again after a 24-hour fast. These stem cells are crucial for repairing and regenerating the intestinal lining, thanks to the production of molecules known as polyamines, which are essential for cell growth and division. Yilmaz points out that while the emphasis has often been on the duration of fasting, the refeeding phase is equally important and warrants closer attention. However, this <keyword id="22959930" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="regenerative-process" source="keywords">regenerative process</keyword> comes with a concerning downside: an increased risk of developing <keyword id="22959932" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="precancerous-polyps" source="Orion">precancerous polyps</keyword> if a cancer-causing genetic change occurs during this vulnerable time. The same stem cells that aid in tissue repair are also prone to becoming precancerous if a cancerous gene is activated during the refeeding period. This finding raises concerns about the potential <keyword id="22959931" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="risks-of-fasting" source="Orion">risks of fasting</keyword>, particularly in individuals who may be genetically predisposed to cancer. Since the study was conducted on mice, researchers like Yilmaz are planning clinical trials for humans to understand their implications on our bodies. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112368138" title="A diet of soups and shakes can drastically improve diabetes symptoms — even without medication, real-life study finds" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Valter Longo, a biogerontologist at the University of Southern California, suggests that while the study highlights a potential risk, it may not apply broadly, especially considering previous research showing that fasting can reduce abnormal cell growth. Nonetheless, the findings underscore the complexity of fasting and refeeding, suggesting that more research is needed to fully understand the balance between the benefits of cellular regeneration and the risks of <keyword id="22786177" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cancer-development" source="keywords">cancer development</keyword>.

Is fasting good for you? A new study reveals some hidden risks and benefits of the practice

<keyword id="19922074" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reserve-Bank" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Reserve Bank" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Reserve Bank">Reserve Bank</keyword> Deputy Governor <keyword id="19918795" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Swaminathan" source="keywords">Swaminathan</keyword> J on Wednesday said implementation of <keyword id="22784242" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="risk-based-premium" source="keywords">risk-based premium</keyword> for <keyword id="20132734" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="deposit-insurance" source="keywords">deposit insurance</keyword> merits consideration as it will ensure that institutions with higher risk profiles contribute more to the insurance fund. Speaking at a conference in Jaipur, he also said that as the financial sector becomes more digitised, deposit insurers must work closely with regulators and supervisors to strengthen oversight mechanisms. This includes regularly updating <keyword id="19946068" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="regulatory-frameworks" source="keywords">regulatory frameworks</keyword> to incorporate emerging risks associated with <keyword id="19989657" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-payments" source="keywords">digital payments</keyword>, <keyword id="19906883" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cybersecurity" source="keywords">cybersecurity</keyword>, and <keyword id="22180855" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fintech-innovations" source="keywords">fintech innovations</keyword>. By adopting a proactive stance, deposit insurers can help ensure that <keyword id="19912054" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="financial-institutions" source="keywords">financial institutions</keyword> under their purview are adequately prepared to manage these risks, thereby safeguarding depositor confidence. Swaminathan was addressing the International Conference of the International Association of Deposit Insurers- Asia Pacific Regional Committee (IADI-APRC) hosted by the Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC). He further said the implementation of risk-based premium for deposit insurance "merits consideration". "By tying insurance premiums to the level of risk posed by individual financial institutions, deposit insurers can incentivize banks to adopt stronger risk management practices. "This approach not only enhances the overall stability of the financial system but also ensures that institutions with higher risk profiles contribute more to the insurance fund," the deputy governor said. He also emphasised that deposit insurers can further mitigate technology risks by relying on supervisory rating assessments that incorporate evaluation of a financial institution's technological and operational resilience. By using these assessments as a basis for setting insurance premiums or determining intervention strategies, deposit insurers can ensure that their actions are informed by a comprehensive understanding of each institution's risk profile, Swaminathan added. The senior <keyword id="19899808" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI" source="keywords">RBI</keyword> official also asked deposit insurers to prioritise crisis preparedness and develop comprehensive contingency plans that account for technology-induced disruptions. This includes conducting regular stress tests and simulations to assess the potential impact of cyber incidents or fintech failures on financial institutions and the broader financial system, he said. The evolving technological landscape presents both significant challenges and opportunities for deposit insurers. By adopting a proactive, risk-based approach, including enhanced oversight, risk-based premiums, reliance on supervisory ratings, faster claim settlements, and industry collaboration, deposit insurers can effectively manage these risks, the deputy governor said.

Risk-based premium for deposit insurance merits consideration: RBI Deputy Governor Swaminathan

An affordable <keyword id="9107118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tuberculosis-testing" source="Orion">tuberculosis testing</keyword> technology that can detect the disease using a patient's sputum for just Rs 35 has been developed by apex medical research body <keyword id="19918794" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ICMR" source="keywords">ICMR</keyword>'s regional centre in Assam's Dibrugarh. The 'A <keyword id="19986036" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="CRISPR" source="keywords">CRISPR</keyword> case-based TB detection system' is light, portable and involves three steps of testing. Over 1,500 samples can be tested in one single run in around two-and-half hours, ICMR sources said. Conventional diagnostic techniques for TB commonly rely on culture, which requires 42 days to confirm as TB negative, microscopy, and nucleic acid-based methods. These are also time-consuming and may require sophisticated equipment. An official said, "<keyword id="19992404" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tuberculosis" source="keywords">Tuberculosis</keyword> (TB) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the development of accurate and rapid diagnostic tools for effective disease management. Current <keyword id="22921102" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="diagnostic-methods" source="keywords">diagnostic methods</keyword> often exhibit limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, speed and cost, emphasising the need for innovative approaches". Additionally, some molecular diagnostic methods, while offering improved sensitivity, may lack the desired specificity or face challenges associated with cost and ease of handling. "Considering these problems, the CRISPR-Cas12a-based molecular diagnostic system 'GlowTBPCRKit' coupled with an amplification step (using thermal cycler) and the '<keyword id="22921103" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RapidGlow-device" source="keywords">RapidGlow device</keyword>' provides a promising solution," the official said. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has now invited Expression of Interest (EoI) from eligible organisations, companies, manufacturers for undertaking 'Transfer of Technology' for commercialisation of the 'A CRISPR case-based TB detection system' for the detection of <keyword id="20115212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mycobacterium-tuberculosis" source="keywords">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</keyword>. The ICMR-RMRCNE institute will provide expert guidance and technical support for the production of 'A CRISPR Cas based TB detection system' in all phases. Such technical oversight by the institute would accelerate the development of the product and its commercialisation. The ICMR would also provide technical support through its team of experienced scientists in study, planning, product development, development of study protocol, results or data analysis, outcome assessment, safety and efficacy assessment, product improvement, etc., if deemed fit upon the mutual understanding between ICMR and collaborative company. The apex health research body through its institutes would provide support and facilitation to conduct the research and development or clinical study of new technology or product in India through its affiliates or institutes, in collaboration with the company and institutions in a professional and mutually agreed upon manner and timelines.

ICMR's regional centre develops technology that can test for tuberculosis in just Rupees 35!

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Harris has proposed expanding the small business tax credit from $5,000 to $50,000.</li><li>Experts told BI the proposal would shift the timing of deductions and isn't all that pricey.</li></ul>Patricia Oswlad, 55, and her husband have spent years building up their retirement fund. But when Oswald decided to launch a small business in the fall of 2022, the couple liquidated some of their assets to fund the company, throwing their financial planning to the wind.With fewer than five weeks until Election Day, Vice President Kamala Harris is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-small-businesses-tax-breaks-cut-red-tape-2024-9">making a targeted pitch to entrepreneurs</a> like Oswald, who are burdened by startup expenses. She even mentioned a key proposal in her opening answer at the presidential debate: expand the small business tax credit 10-fold, from $5,000 to $50,000.In a pamphlet on her economic plan, dubbed the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-kamala-harris-opportunity-economy-2024-9">"Opportunity Economy,"</a> Harris explains that she would let business owners take advantage of the $50,000 tax deduction right away or a few years after launching, to help lower taxes once they start turning a profit. The proposal, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harris-added-policy-website-before-trump-debate-venture-capital-startups-2024-9">like many of her others</a>, would need <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-senate-races-ted-cruz-rick-scott-2024-9">congressional</a> approval.Oswald told Business Insider the credit would have been "invaluable" in getting Brisa Systems, which offers powered drying racks, off the ground.<h2 id="7006e4c2-613d-4eb9-8fc4-ad020faacaad">Harris' proposal shifts the tax timeline for entrepreneurs.</h2>Tax experts told BI that enacting the credit would mean a change in timing more than anything else. Under current law, small businesses can deduct up to $5,000 in expenses immediately and must deduct any future expenses against their income over 15 years. Harris' proposal would let entrepreneurs deduct more money quickly.Owners have expenses before even launching their business, and the deduction would help cover those costs.Rhett Buttle, the co-executive director of Small Business Roundtable and a former business advisor for President Joe Biden, told Business Insider that startup costs accumulate in three primary areas: marketing, basic equipment, and hiring.For Oswald, most early costs have been in manufacturing and intellectual property services. Taylor McCleneghan, who launched her product development company, Small Shop LLC, in 2018, named inventory and marketing as the biggest upfront costs. Both women are based in the Chicago area.<div type="image" title="Kamala Harris at a campaign event about small businesses" height="3439" width="5159" msid="113963121" hostid="261" sizebytes="769310"></div>Brett Theodos, a senior fellow at Urban Institute who specializes in small business loans, told BI that entrepreneurs would "love" to be able to deduct more of those expenses right away. Moving up the timeline would, he said, make many feel less strapped for cash from the very outset.And there's another potential upside, according to Garret Watson, a senior policy analyst at the nonpartisan Tax Foundation. Small businesses would likely benefit from getting the deduction more quickly because of inflation, he said.Many entrepreneurs are psyched about the effort. Theodos struggled to think of a reason why they wouldn't want this, and Buttle said that those he works with are overwhelmingly excited about the plan.McCleneghan, of the Small Shop, said having access to a $50,000 tax deduction early on would have allowed her to do better long-term planning. With the expanded tax deduction, Oswald said she might not have had to divest retirement funds or take out lines of credit."Getting money in the hands of entrepreneurs sooner is going to allow them to hire, to get equipment, to get a space, to pay off some debt, to pay themselves," Theodos said. "So it's meaningful to allow them to accelerate the deduction of startup expenses."But while small business owners may jump at the opportunity for more early cash flow, where this money would come from is more unclear. McCleneghan herself acknowledged that the details seem hazy.<h2 id="af50011b-34e9-4f5e-9a3b-b001ea7f148b">Despite the flashy numbers, the proposal likely wouldn't have a significant impact on the federal budget.</h2>Though $50,000 sounds like a big-ticket promise, the experts BI spoke to said Harris' proposal actually wouldn't make a big dent in the federal budget. The Tax Foundation, where Watson works, examined cost estimates from prior expansions and found that the proposal would cost about $24.5 billion over 10 years."Relative to the federal government's budget and spending, it's very small," Watson said. "This $25 billion number is in the context of a tax plan for the Harris campaign that would raise about $5 trillion over 10 years. So you're talking about orders of magnitude more money on the tax hike side."<div type="image" title="Kamala Harris and Mike Johnson during the State of the Union speech" height="4000" width="6000" msid="113963120" hostid="261" sizebytes="522916"></div>Some of the loss, he said, stems from the likelihood that certain entrepreneurs will use the deduction and then go out of business. Since the proposal changes when businesses can deduct rather than how much they deduct, it will cost some money, but not "big money," Theodos said.And the proposal could help spur growth, if it becomes law. According to a study from the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/04/22/a-look-at-small-businesses-in-the-us/">Pew Research Center</a> published in April 2024, small businesses employ nearly half of the country's private sector employees.Theodos called small businesses "essential" for the US economy, and Buttle said they're a<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harris-sec-ftc-khan-gensler-crypto-regulation-biden-warren-2024-9"> crucial source of innovation</a>. But the tax experts said the full potential economic impact of the proposed expansion is still up in the air."The question is, will this significantly contribute to a startup boom or really change the needle there or move the needle there? I think that's a reasonable question. It's up for debate, particularly because this is such a narrow provision," Watson told BI, while noting that giving businesses deductions is generally a good policy.If the policy did spur more development, though, Mary Hansen, an economics professor at American University and co-director of the nonpartisan Institute for Macroeconomic and Policy Analysis, said it would eventually have a net positive impact on government revenue.As of now, Harris' promise is just that — a promise.Should she win the election, Congress would need to pass legislation to turn her expanded tax deduction idea into a reality. Despite the prevailing congressional gridlock, all of the experts BI spoke with said small businesses are a rare point of potential bipartisan agreement. Watson predicted that lawmakers would likely tie the proposal to their actions on the expiring 2017 tax provisions.<div type="image" title="Kamala Harris and Doug Emhoff go shopping to support Small Business Saturday" height="3788" width="5973" msid="113963117" hostid="261" sizebytes="2365956"></div>Should Congress ever pass the expanded tax deduction, all startups and small businesses would access the same amount of money — but the experts told BI that some would feel the impact more than others. Entrepreneurs with less initial cash flow would disproportionately benefit from the change, they said.Buttle said it would help women and people of color who have a harder time accessing capital. The Pew Research study found 61% of small businesses are majority-owned by men and, as of 2021, 85% were majority-white owned."We're talking about community businesses, micro-businesses, businesses where the founder doesn't have as much net worth," Theodos told BI. "Everybody can benefit from $45,000, but the question is, who is that making the critical difference for?"

Kamala Harris' tax plan for small businesses sounds like it will cost a lot of money — it won't 

<keyword id="19970108" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vacancies" source="keywords">Vacancies</keyword> in <keyword id="20591266" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="teaching-positions" source="keywords">teaching positions</keyword> in <keyword id="20132275" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="state-universities" source="keywords">state universities</keyword> have emerged as a major hurdle in the implementation of the National Education Policy (<keyword id="19904633" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nep" source="keywords">NEP</keyword>) 2020, University Grants Commission (<keyword id="19932586" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ugc" source="keywords">UGC</keyword>) chairman Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar said here on Friday. The <keyword id="20963740" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="UGC-chairman" source="keywords">UGC chairman</keyword> was here to attend a day-long conference of vice-chancellors of Northeastern and Eastern regions on 'Implementation of NEP 2020', hosted by Guwahati-based Pragjyotishpur University. Addressing a press conference, Kumar said, "Across the country, a major problem in state universities is vacancies in teaching positions. In some state universities, 50 to 80 per cent of teaching positions are vacant," urging universities to expedite the filling of these positions. He said implementation of NEP is a "journey", which cannot happen overnight, and state governments have been enthusiastically participating in implementing it. Kumar stressed that it is also essential for the universities to formulate an institutional development plan and their own roadmap for the future. With approximately 130 vice-chancellors and other academics participating, discussions at the conference focused on transforming <keyword id="19896809" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="higher-education" source="keywords">higher education</keyword> institutions to empower students in contributing to national development. Key topics include providing holistic education, integrating skill development with degree programs, and utilising digital technology to reach students from rural and economically weaker backgrounds. "We will be discussing how the NEP is being implemented and challenges colleges and universities are facing, so that we can collectively find solutions," he said. Kumar requested the universities to open more off-campus centres to make education accessible and equitable, while stating that UGC was also laying thrust on training teachers in the higher education sector. Highlighting the need to expose students to different parts of the country, he said the Northeastern region is home to many indigenous knowledge systems, whether it be a festival celebrated based on astronomical calculation, bamboo engineering or shifting cultivation. "These are parts of Indian knowledge system and there is a need to expose students to this from different parts of the country," he said. Kumar added that UGC is also working on promoting education in own language, especially with the country having numerous native languages. On implementation of NEP in this region, Kumar said the UGC is in regular touch with state higher education councils and VCs. "We are very happy to inform that state governments are very enthusiastically participating in implementing NEP. Implementation is a journey," he added. He reiterated that achieving the target of a Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) of 50 per cent by 2035 requires sustained effort and cannot be achieved overnight. Among initiatives under NEP is the provision of biannual admissions to help students who fail to enroll during July-August to take admission in January-February. Universities with required infrastructure have been requested to implement it to maximise resource utilisation, Kumar said, adding that 90 varsities have also started biannual admissions for online programmes. The UGC chairman also said stress is being laid on strengthening research ecosystem in the universities and bring more young people into it. Though directly UGC funded-research has stopped now, funds for research projects are available through other agencies, like National Research Foundation and other schemes, he added. With focus on online education, internet connectivity and electrification has also received a boost across the country, with common service centres also set up for students in remote areas to access Net, Kumar added.

Vacancies in teaching positions major problem in NEP implementation: UGC chairman

<ul class="summary-list"><li>JD Vance recently suggested family members step in to help with childcare to cut costs for parents.</li><li>Many grandparents reached out to Business Insider expressing frustration with Vance's remarks.</li></ul>Linda C., a retired deputy sheriff in California, considers herself politically independent.She voted for former President Donald Trump in 2016 and then for President Joe Biden in 2020. But this year, she feels strongly about supporting the Democratic ticket, largely because of the stances Republicans, including Trump's running mate, Sen. JD Vance, have taken on childcare.She was particularly perturbed by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-lower-childcare-costs-grandma-grandpa-help-retirement-crisis-2024-9">Vance's recent suggestion</a> that grandparents and other family members "help out a little bit more" with childrearing to relieve the burden of childcare costs.Linda said she loves spending time with her grandchildren but worked hard for her retirement and thinks Vance's proposal is an unsustainable and "insulting" solution to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xksv2EGG9ek">childcare crisis</a>."I have a very intense, visceral response to it, almost like a PTSD response to it, because I was brought up in the '70s around what we used to call 'male chauvinist pigs,'" said Linda, who requested her last name be withheld to protect her privacy. "I thought I'd never use that phrase again, but that's the way I'm feeling about Vance and Trump and the way that they're making women feel less than."Linda's daughter used to work as a dental assistant but quit when she had a kid because childcare was too expensive. "She wants to work," Linda said. "She wants to have a better lifestyle for her family to achieve the American dream. But she's unable to because it just doesn't pencil out."Vance and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/republican-baby-bust-panic-wont-support-pro-family-policies-2021-4">many other conservative</a> lawmakers have opposed government subsidies for childcare providers in part because they say the policy prioritizes working parents, rather than those who stay home with their kids. After Vance's recent remarks on childcare drew <a target="_blank" href="https://www.salon.com/2024/09/10/jd-vance-is-wrong-experts-say-boomer-grandparents-arent-the-solution-to-rising-day-care-costs/">widespread criticism</a>, he clarified his stance in a <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/JDVance/status/1831701121758589425">post on X</a>, saying that "parents or grandparents might not be able to help, but they might want to, and for those families, federal policy should not be forcing one particular family model."After reporting on Vance's remarks, Business Insider received a wave of reader emails expressing frustration that Vance was missing the point. Many said he failed to acknowledge the real reason many grandparents don't help with childcare more: They can't afford to.While Vance's comments struck a nerve with some caregivers and weren't a fleshed-out policy idea, it's possible he's onto the beginnings of a solution that's helped in other countries, one expert told Business Insider. Many American families are stuck between a retirement crisis and a childcare crisis, with young parents unable to help their own parents — and vice versa. As the economy takes center stage in the upcoming election, parents are watching both candidates closely.In a statement responding to the criticism, a spokeswoman for Vance, Taylor Van Kirk, told Business Insider that the vice presidential candidate believes the federal government should compensate family members and other kin for providing childcare. She also pointed to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/transcript-jd-vance-on-face-the-nation-aug-11-2024/">recent comments</a> Vance made arguing that childcare subsidies shouldn't "favor one family model over another.""Senator Vance, who was raised largely by his own grandmother, knows firsthand the great sacrifice many grandparents, aunts and uncles and other relatives make when they care for a child who isn't their own," Van Kirk said. "Senator Vance believes in addressing kinship care with federally supported initiatives so that these families are relieved of an enormous, oftentimes unseen, financial burden and have the necessary resources to care for these kids."<h2 id="ed50e753-5c49-4632-aae6-32b9a90ea14d">The childcare crisis meets the retirement crisis</h2>Sandra, 51, has been dealing with both childcare and eldercare challenges over the past year.Sandra, who requested her last name be withheld to protect her family's privacy, has been taking care of her mother-in-law, who recently suffered an injury, while also helping to financially support her stepdaughter. She doesn't see herself having the time or the financial means to contribute to her children's potential childcare needs in the future."Our goal is to one day retire. Our goal is to one day be able to put ourselves in a nursing home if we need that, and to not be the financial and also health caregiver burden on my stepdaughter," Sandra told BI. "And when she has children, would we love to be that grandma and grandpa that helped out? Absolutely. Do we know that we could physically or mentally do it? We're not sure."The looming retirement crisis is weighing on many older Americans. The Census Bureau's Population Survey found that more than half of respondents over 65 earned under $30,000 in 2022. At the same time, an AARP <a target="_blank" href="https://press.aarp.org/2024-4-24-New-AARP-Survey-1-in-5-Americans-Ages-50-Have-No-Retirement-Savings">survey</a> found that around one-fifth of adults aged 50 and older have no retirement savings.Sandra said that "retirement feels completely out of reach for her." While she earns income as a freelance writer, she and her husband are putting a significant amount of financial resources toward helping the older members of their family and said that in her situation, "there is no 'get grandma to help.'""It seems like a very American problem that could be solved, but when you say things like, 'just have grandma help out more,' that's a privilege that I think a lot of people don't have at all," she said.Elliot Haspel, a senior fellow at the nonpartisan family policy think tank Capita, told BI that there is a way to solve the problem — and Vance actually might be on the right track. While he acknowledged that Vance's comments lacked many important details, Haspel said that the idea of implementing more pathways to support family, friends, or neighbor caregivers — or FFNs — is a key way to address the childcare problem in the US."If better support of grandparents and other FFN caregivers was part of a comprehensive approach to childcare, then it can be really effective at making sure that American families have access to the options for care that they need and that are going to help their children develop healthily, and with the early learning that they're going to need to succeed later," Haspel said.He added that there's an opportunity here for Vice President Kamala Harris to expand on her childcare proposals in her platform — she has expressed support for national paid family leave and bolstered investments in childcare, but it did not address FFNs.That could play out in a number of ways; for example, Haspel said, Sweden extended paid leave to grandparents wanting to take care of their grandchildren. Similarly, the US could require a comprehensive federal package to ensure sufficient funding, along with more robust investment in educational programs for child development — an idea Vance mentioned in his comments."It's going to be good for communities. It's going to be good for neighborhoods. It's going to be good for the economy. It's going to be good for social infrastructure and social connection," Haspel said. "So you can go down the line and there's a lot of reasons to want a comprehensive, pluralistic approach to childcare."Jennifer Baker, 40, found Vance's comments to be myopic and "shockingly inadequate." If parents had access to a familial network, she said, they'd probably already be taking advantage of it. For her, that's not an option: As a military spouse, Baker had to move away from her support networks."Our situation is not unique," Baker, who's based in Arizona, said. "Military families that are active duty, they go through long-term deployments, short tour deployments, they get relocated often every two years or four years."For her, figuring out childcare and balancing budgets has been a burden."I was essentially forced to go back to work based on financial need weeks, if not months, before my body was physically ready for me to go back," she said.Angela Rachidi, a senior fellow and Rowe Scholar at the right-leaning American Enterprise Institute, said that one underlying issue is that many mothers of younger children would prefer to work part-time — but the labor market isn't well structured to accommodate that type of work, especially for women who still want to develop their careers and career paths."It's a broader issue and something that both the private sector and employees can work out just trying to make the work schedules and the nature of work fit better with family life," Rachidi said. "And that would help parents who want to stay home and care for kids; it would also help grandparents who want to help care for kids while their parents are working."Rachidi also said that revisiting the usefulness of regulations around informal care — settings like friend and family care — should be on the table, too. Right now, she said, those <a target="_blank" href="https://www.aei.org/opportunity-social-mobility/the-problem-with-child-care-regulations/">burdensome regulations</a> can drive up costs, and prevent providers from entering the market to begin with.Rachidi also said that revisiting regulations around small, in-home childcare centers should be considered. Right now, she said, burdensome regulations can drive up costs and prevent small providers from starting up.Connie Adler, 76, is a retired physician and chair of the board of directors of Grandmothers for Reproductive Rights. She said that the assumption that grandparents are in a financial position to take time off to care for grandchildren is "crazy.""So many grandmothers are working — and working because they need to work to pay the rent and need to work to try and save some money for retirement," Adler said.She added that the "safety net in this country is the unpaid work of women." The unaffordability of childcare is a structural problem, she said, and it requires a structural solution."If all the grandmothers in the country stopped working for a year, what will we do for doctors and nurses and teachers and scientists and engineers and bank tellers and everything else?" Adler said.Are you a childcare worker with thoughts on JD Vance's comments? Share your story with these reporters at <a target="_blank" href="mailto:asheffey@businessinsider.com">asheffey@businessinsider.com</a>, <a target="_blank" href="mailto:jkaplan@businessinsider.com">jkaplan@businessinsider.com</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="mailto:erelman@businessinsider.com">erelman@businessinsider.com</a>.

JD Vance's childcare plan ticked off some parents and grandparents. There's a way to fix it.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>China is developing sensors to hunt enemy submarines from aircraft.</li><li>Recent patents show a focus on magnetic detection and improved sonobuoys.</li></ul>China is developing new systems to hunt the US nuclear-powered submarines that could threaten a Chinese invasion of Taiwan, according to a new report.The Chinese navy views anti-submarine warfare, or ASW, as essential to any successful amphibious operation and intends to use its aircraft to protect a flotilla from submarine attack by the US or Japan."The PLAN [People's Liberation Army Navy] clearly views fixed-wing and vertical lift ASW capabilities as a crucial component necessary for any of its amphibious based contingencies, be that a seizure of an island or reef, or the successful implementation of a Joint Island Landing Campaign against Taiwan," wrote Eli Tirk and Daniel Salisbury in a <a target="_blank" href="https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&amp;context=cmsi-maritime-reports">study</a> for the China Maritime Studies Institute at the Naval War College. "ASW capabilities would be crucial for safeguarding high value surface assets such as carriers or an amphibious landing group, protecting them as they are in port embarking forces, sanitizing the operational area of enemy submarines, and escorting these assets on their way to staging areas and operational areas."Also significant is that Chinese airborne sub hunters are tasked with protecting Chinese ballistic missile submarines as they sail to their patrol and launch locations. "The PLAN clearly views fixed-wing ASW as an important enabler of its at-sea nuclear deterrent," the report said.The Chinese navy's current fixed-wing anti-submarine aircraft is the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/04/new-details-on-chinas-kq-200-maritime-patrol-aircraft/">KQ-200</a>, a four-engine turboprop aircraft that is China's equivalent of the US Navy's P-8 Poseidon. The PLAN has about 20 KQ-200s, which have a range of about 3,000 miles.Much like the US Navy, China's submarine force tends to be secretive. But by examining open-source literature, Tirk and Salisbury were able to discern the efforts China is making in anti-submarine warfare, including patents filed by Chinese researchers.For example, the state-owned China Electronics Technology Group Corporation filed a patent in 2020 for improved magnetic anomaly detection (MAD), a technology first used in World War II to detect subs by the effect of these big metal objects on the Earth's magnetic field. It's a useful but limited system that usually requires the aircraft to be flying within <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cae.com/media/media-center/documents/datasheet.MAD-XR.pdf">less than a mile</a> of the target, and can only detect the presence of a sub rather than its course — which means a positive hit must be followed by laying a web of other sensors to be able to target the lurking submarine.Chinese scientists want to use highly sensitive <a target="_blank" href="https://physicsworld.com/a/atomic-magnetometer-is-most-sensitive-yet/">atomic magnetometers</a>, which use lasers to detect changes in the energy levels between atoms caused by fluctuations in a magnetic field. CETC's <a target="_blank" href="https://patents-google-com.translate.goog/patent/CN206546425U/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-US&amp;_x_tr_hist=true">patent</a> is for technology that would "enable an atomic magnetometer to sense the direction of a target rather than just its existence," Tirk and Salisbury noted. "According to the filing, previous research on highly-sensitive atomic magnetometers had focused on scalar results (i.e. only the magnitude of a target's magnetic field), but could not provide vectors (i.e. magnitude and direction). MAD is already a shorter-range capability usually used for more precise positioning after other sensors have provided a rough search area, but any additional information could potentially give operators an edge during search operations."<div type="image" title="A US naval aircrewman checks sonobouys loaded onto a MH-60R Sea Hawk helicopter." height="1422" width="2000" msid="110544351" hostid="261" sizebytes="222156"></div>A 2022 patent by Aviation Industry Corporation of China calls for a new system to operate sonobuoys, which are floating canisters, dropped by planes and ships, that detect subs by emitting active sonar signals or by passive sensors that detect the noise of a submarine. Current Chinese sonobuoys require "a complicated and labor-intensive series of manual button presses to configure sonobuoy parameters such as radio working frequency, working depth, working time, and pulse form to fit maritime conditions before deployment."These parameters aren't displayed on the sonobuoy control system. "This means the display and control system is unaware of whether a sonobuoy is on the rack or has been launched, what type of sonobuoys have been launched, or the parameters of any launched sonobuoys," Tirk and Salisbury wrote. "Instead, operators must manually input this data into the display and control system."Other patents are for <a target="_blank" href="https://patents-google-com.translate.goog/patent/CN114084285A/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-US&amp;_x_tr_hist=true">lighter sonobuoys</a>, and improved communications between sonobuoys and aircraft. In 2022, China <a target="_blank" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/03/01/china-us-patents-science-tech">surpassed</a> America in number of patents filed.China has also been improving the quality of anti-submarine training. "The PLAN has acknowledged its limitations and has begun taking steps to improve the quality of its ASW training, both in simulators and in physical training environments," the report said. "PLAN ASW units are training under more realistic conditions, and breaking down administrative barriers which prevented them from generating more training opportunities in different operational environments."For example, since 2015, training materials have stressed the need for ASW aircraft and ships to work closely together, which is standard practice in the US and Western navies. The PLAN is also using simulators to train sensor and weapon operators.One exercise involved a patrol aircraft transmitting target data to a command ship, "which then integrated it with information from other sources and checked the information against a target information database to confirm whether or not the target was an enemy submarine," the CMSI report noted. "This indicated both a potential command relationship from command vessels to ASW aircraft and confirmed that the PLAN trains to compare potential targets to a database, despite its small (but expanding) ocean surveillance and intelligence collection fleet and a nascent underwater surveillance capability."Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/@mipeck1">Twitter</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mipeck/">LinkedIn</a>.

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