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<keyword id="20021374" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="keywords">Sriharikota</keyword>: <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> on Friday launched its third and final <keyword id="22763595" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="developmental-flight" source="keywords">developmental flight</keyword>, <keyword id="22803030" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Small-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle-D3" source="keywords">Small Satellite Launch Vehicle-D3</keyword>, carrying <keyword id="21767253" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Earth-Observation-Satellite" source="keywords">Earth Observation Satellite</keyword> EOS-08. The rocket lifted off majestically from the first launch pad at the <keyword id="20021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Satish Dhawan Space Centre" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> here, situated about 135 km east of Chennai at a pre-fixed time of 9.17 am. The objectives of the SSLV-D3-EOS-08 mission include designing and developing a microsatellite and creating payload instruments compatible with the microsatellite bus, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said. Built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, EOS-08 carries three payloads--Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R) and SiC UV Dosimeter. The EOIR payload is designed to capture images in the Mid-Wave IR (MIR) and Long-Wave IR (LWIR) bands, both during the day and night, for applications such as satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental monitoring, fire detection, volcanic activity observation and industrial and power plant disaster monitoring. The GNSS-R payload demonstrates the capability of using GNSS-R-based remote sensing for applications such as ocean surface wind analysis, soil moisture assessment, cryosphere studies over the Himalayan region, flood detection, and inland waterbody detection. The SiC UV Dosimeter monitors UV irradiance at the viewport of the Crew Module in the Gaganyaan Mission and serves as a high-dose alarm sensor for gamma radiation.

ISRO's final developmental flight lifts off from Sriharikota spaceport

<ul class="summary-list"><li>China looks to be building a new radar system purported to have counter-stealth capabilities, analysts found.</li><li>Satellite images appear to show a SIAR system on Triton Island in the South China Sea.</li></ul>China appears to be closing surveillance gaps in the South China Sea with the construction of a new radar said to have counter-stealth capabilities on Triton Island, new satellite images show.This project, especially if the radar functions as advertised, could complicate US operations in the tense and contested region.Chatham House's John Pollack and Damien Symon <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/the-world-today/2024-09/how-beijing-closing-surveillance-gaps-south-china-sea">reported</a> on new satellite images of Triton Island, part of the Paracels and home to a Chinese military base, earlier this month. The report called attention to the expansion of China's military installations on the island between August 2022 and September of this year, including a new radar system.Business Insider obtained copies of the satellite images, collected by Maxar, courtesy of Chatham House.In the photos is what appears to be a synthetic impulse and aperture radar octagonal in structure and purportedly technology able to detect stealth aircraft. China previously built a SIAR system on Subi Reef in the Spratly Islands, further south in the South China Sea and west of the Philippines.<div type="image" title="A satellite image of China's Triton Island in the South China Sea showing the sandy island with some military infrastructure surrounded by a blue ocean." height="2572" width="4203" msid="114884300" hostid="261" sizebytes="2247854"></div>Chatham House noted that once the SIAR system is finished, it'll add to China's larger surveillance and reconnaissance network in the South China Sea by providing overlapping coverage stretching from Hainan Island on the northernmost edge of the strategic waterway to the Spratlys in the south.Along with SIAR, "China has built dozens of different types of radars across the Spratlys and Paracels over the last 10 years," Gregory Poling, director of the Southeast Asia Program and Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Business Insider."This is an iteration on a long-term Chinese strategy to dominate the sensor space in the South China Sea," he said.Last fall, the Pentagon <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF">documented</a> growth in China's intelligence-gathering capabilities in the South China Sea, especially at the Spratlys.While Beijing has stated the main goals of these projects are to improve marine research, safety of navigation efforts in the area, and conditions for personnel stationed at these outposts, the Pentagon said that the effort also "improves the PRC's ability to detect and challenge activities by rival claimants or third parties and widens the range of response options available to Beijing."<div type="image" title="A satellite images shows a closer look at a Chinese military base on Triton Island, including buildings and infrastructure. The island is surrounded on its left side by blue ocean water." height="2572" width="3712" msid="114884298" hostid="261" sizebytes="1932960"></div>China says the SIAR system can track stealth aircraft by operating at a lower frequency. As J. Michael Dahm, a senior resident fellow for Aerospace and China Studies at the Mitchell Institute, wrote in a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.jhuapl.edu/sites/default/files/2022-12/IntroductiontoSCSMILCAPStudies.pdf">2020 report</a>, SIAR is a "unique, circular VHF-band radar array" that's "purposed to have significant counter-stealth capabilities."If true, that creates potential challenges.Stealth aircraft are specifically designed with low-observable features to significantly reduce the size of their radar signatures, making them harder to detect and allowing them to penetrate enemy air defenses.There's a lot unknown about how SIAR works, Dahm told BI, including its specific operating frequency, waveform characteristics, and power emitted. Similarly unclear is how SIAR would affect individual stealth aircraft and how vulnerable those platforms would be to SIAR. He said Chinese scientists who designed the SIAR system claim it can track aircraft such as the B-2 Spirit bomber and fifth-generation F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II fighter jets.Similar assertions about Chinese detection capabilities have been made previously, but the claims remain unproven. That China appears to be taking steps to construct SIAR in the South China Sea is, however, indicative of the systems having at least some surveillance value.<div type="image" title="Aircraft on the USS Theodore Roosevelt." height="2572" width="3600" msid="114884301" hostid="261" sizebytes="366072"></div>China likely aims to create "these dense networks of overlapping radar coverage as a way to constrain US operations and funnel the US into operating into areas where the Chinese can array different defenses," Dahm said. Those defenses could be electronic warfare capabilities, surface-to-air missiles, and more.Dahm said that this is just the latest example of such efforts by China, which has long had the goal of countering and attacking enemy stealth aircraft dating back to observations of how US forces operated during the 1991 Gulf War, in which the stealth F-117 Nighthawk played an important role.As part of China's massive military buildup and modernization efforts, it has increasingly emhasized advanced technologies for reconnaissance and information warfare.Earlier this week, the US Air Force Secretary said that the US and China were locked in "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-china-new-technology-race-air-force-secretary-2024-10">a race for technological superiority</a>" rather than a "classic arms race," with a focus on advanced satellites, battle management systems to effectively integrate and control combat assets, and artificial intelligence.

China is closing a South China Sea surveillance gap with a new radar made to spot stealth aircraft, satellite images suggest

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA says <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sun-more-active-solar-storms-auroras-power-outages-grounded-flights-2023-2">the sun is in the highly active "maximum phase"</a> of its 11-year solar cycle.</li><li>That means there will probably be big solar storms bringing beautiful aurora in the next year or so.</li></ul>Thanks to the sun, we're in the middle of the best time to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/saw-northern-lights-surprising-photos-misleading-2024-5">see the northern lights</a> — and maybe the worst time to be a satellite.NASA announced Tuesday that the sun is in the "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-maximum-could-sooner-than-expected-2023-6">maximum phase</a>" of its 11-year solar cycle, which basically means it's hyperactive.Our once-quiet star has been roiling with plasma arcs and sunspots and occasionally erupting, shooting <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/second-giant-coronal-hole-sun-solar-winds-space-weather-aurora-2023-3">energized particles out into space</a> — sometimes in Earth's direction.When those eruptions wash over our planet, they can trigger <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-aurora-northern-lights-rare-appearance-south-solar-storm-2023-3">beautiful aurora unusually far from the poles,</a> in more populated regions, like Arizona or California.<div type="image" title="Shreveport" height="2268" width="4032" msid="114291827" hostid="261" sizebytes="508996"></div>But <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sun-polar-vortex-video-from-solar-plasma-break-2023-2">solar eruptions</a> can also endanger satellites, astronauts, and even power grids here on Earth.NASA expects a lot of those explosions in the next six months to a year along with the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-storm-earth-northern-southern-lights-auroras-how-to-see-2023-4">geomagnetic storms</a> they cause in Earth's upper atmosphere. That's how much longer the sun will likely be at maximum, but there's still potential for big eruptions in the ensuing years as the sun winds down."We anticipate additional solar and geomagnetic storms leading to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/northern-lights-sky-friday-us-solar-winds-giant-hole-sun-2023-3">opportunities to spot aurora</a> over the next several months, as well as potential technology impacts," Kelly Korreck, a program scientist in NASA's Heliophysics Division, said during the announcement on Tuesday.<h2 id="c28a25b0-3a8e-46c8-90f0-c090be8a9dfa">The problem with the aurora</h2>Solar eruptions, like solar flares or coronal mass ejections, don't directly harm anyone on Earth, but they disrupt a layer of the upper atmosphere called <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch-hole-ionosphere-earth-atmosphere-physicist-2023-7">the ionosphere</a>.Some technologies, such as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/no-gps-on-moon-nasa-esa-artemis-plans-to-fix-2023-1">GPS</a> and high-frequency radios used for navigation, rely on the ionosphere and experience blackouts during some solar storms.That can <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/flying-becoming-more-miserable-climate-crisis-delays-costs-turbulence-2024-8">delay flights</a>, since planes use both satellite and radio communications. Indeed, a 2023 <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=8e26d9ff6e66f84cefbfeefdbced737cfc1cea9d00c54bc32fab88e9e3d96541&amp;postID=670eb5b8434c477c232fed0c&amp;postSlug=nasa-declares-sun-maximum-what-solar-storms-mean-technology-auroras-2024-10&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41598-023-30424-2">study</a> found that flights were 21% more likely to be delayed by at least 30 minutes during solar storms.Solar storms can also <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-cycle-active-grounded-flights-downed-satellites-2024-8">push satellites out of orbit</a>.In very severe cases, solar storms can affect power grids. In 1989, a geomagnetic storm wiped out Quebec's electricity and caused other power-system issues in the US, UK, and Sweden.Nothing that major has happened in a while. But this solar maximum has been one for the books. In May, an <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-northern-lights-dazzle-night-sky-across-the-us-europe-2024-5">extreme geomagnetic storm </a>brought the northern lights as far south as Arkansas.<div type="image" title="northern lights night sky with pink and purple glow above silhouette of treetops" height="1500" width="2000" msid="114291826" hostid="261" sizebytes="115744"></div>It was "the strongest solar storm to reach Earth in two decades and possibly one of the strongest displays of auroras on record in the past 500 years," said Elsayed Talaat, the director of the Office of Space Weather Observations at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Unlike two decades ago, NOAA can better <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronal-hole-on-sun-blasts-solar-wind-toward-earth-2023-3">forecast geomagnetic storms</a> and industries can prepare for them before they strike. Still, the May solar storm disrupted high-precision GPS that some US farmers rely on, causing about $500 million in losses, according to Bill Murtagh, a program coordinator at NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center."The bigger the storm, the more visible the aurora, the further south it's visible. At the same time, we can't be hoping for these big displays because with them comes the threat to our critical infrastructure," Murtagh said during Tuesday's announcement. "We always have to be careful with what we wish for. "<h2 id="7ab5ba6b-e0c1-46b9-a08a-6f2bc8739d3b">Why the sun is at maximum</h2>The sun has an 11-year cycle, where it builds from a quiet, placid minimum to a roaring maximum, then dies back down.The current <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/next-solar-maximum-2025-what-expect-cycle-2023-4">solar maximum</a> likely began in early 2023, as the sun began to display more and more sunspots, which are low-temperature regions on the sun's surface created by concentrated magnetic field lines.<div type="image" title="side by side images of the sun bright yellow smooth sphere. the left image labeled solar minimum is completely smooth. the right image labeled solar maximum has dark spots speckled across the sun's center." height="1080" width="1920" msid="114291824" hostid="261" sizebytes="33546"></div>"There's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sunspots-15-times-size-of-earth-solar-storm-into-view-2023-11">more sunspots emerging</a>, the magnetic field has more chances to interact and increase the probability of having a significant geomagnetic storm," Lisa Upton, the co-chair of the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, which is an international panel of experts who have been keeping tabs on the sun, said during the announcement on Tuesday.NASA scientists couldn't confirm that the sun had reached maximum until they'd seen the number of sunspots start to plateau."It's by looking at the shape of that cycle, how it's progressed so far, and how we know that solar cycle progresses from our observations of the last 25 solar cycles, that we can really say that we're at the maximum phase now," Upton said.Eventually, scientists will be able to pinpoint an exact peak of the entire solar cycle, but not until many months after the maximum phase ends.

The sun is at its 11-year maximum. That means another year of eruptions that can endanger satellites, ground flights, and spark stunning auroras.

Nepal's policymakers are undergoing 13 days' offline and online training for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) in Beijing after China "especially invited" them to attend it, sources said. China has reserved several seats for policymakers of the mega Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project at its Science Academy in Beijing. The programme started on September 4 and will end on September 20, sources said. "China has invited policymakers of Nepal to attend the training programme so that they can understand how these GPS and its application works in the field of education, research, science and other fields," they said. The move of China is seen as a counter to the US-based Global Positioning System (GPS) hegemony and push for its own indigenously developed navigation system in the region. China uses its homegrown navigation system BeiDou for both military and civilian purposes. BDS, stated to be rivalling GPS, is the fourth global satellite navigation system in the world. Other systems are Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo. India too is developing its own navigational system called the <keyword id="1493841" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Regional-Navigation-Satellite-System">Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System</keyword> (<keyword id="1596484" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="IRNSS">IRNSS</keyword>), with an operational name of NAVIC. Sources said that BDS' implementation will not only reduce the dependence of Chinese aircraft, vehicles and anti-missile systems on GPS and GLONASS, but it will enhance the People's Liberation Army's capabilities in conducting overseas operations. BeiDou started providing independent navigation services over China in 2000 and will serve many countries part of BRI. Currently, BeiDou covers nearly 30 countries including Pakistan, Egypt and Indonesia. China's BRI is one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects launched in 2013 by President Xi Jinping. It is aimed at furthering China's influence abroad with infrastructure projects funded by Chinese investments all over the world. The initiative also led to allegations of smaller countries reeling under mounting Chinese debt after Sri Lanka handed over its strategic Hambantota port in a debt swap to China in 2017 on a 99-year lease. According to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, China has inked 198 cooperation documents with 167 countries and international organisations under the BRI. China sees its trade expansion with the BRI countries as a way out to sustain its exports amid declining trend in the US and European Union, its top export destinations till now. (Sumit Kumar Singh can be reached at sumit.k@ians.in) --IANS sk/kr

China trains Nepal policymakers on BeiDou navigation system amid border tensions with India

India's satellite based navigation and augmentation services sector appears headed for a higher growth trajectory with the proposed ignition of a policy push towards effective development, operation and maintenance of such systems. The <keyword id="245720" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Department-of-Space">Department of Space</keyword> (DoS) plans to devise a "comprehensive and substantive" national policy for satellite based navigation -- the <keyword id="11766871" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-satellite-navigation-policy-2021">Indian Satellite Navigation Policy - 2021</keyword> (SATNAV Policy - 2021). Its draft has now been hosted on the website of the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) for public consultation after which it would be placed before the <keyword id="6355512" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="union-cabinet">Union Cabinet</keyword> for final approval. It seeks to "Achieve self-reliance in satellite based navigation and augmentation services with emphasis on assuring availability &amp; quality, enhancing usage, working towards progressive evolution of the services and promoting research &amp; development". In the last few decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the number of applications that rely on Position, Velocity and Time (PVT) services provided by space based navigation systems, it was noted. With the advent of information and mobile phone technology, crores of users across India rely heavily on PVT based applications in virtually every walk of life. <keyword id="6842771" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-navigation-satellite-systems">Global Navigation Satellite Systems</keyword> (GNSS) are space based navigation systems that provide navigation signals across the globe. Currently, there are four GNSS -- GPS from the USA; GLONASS from Russia; Galileo from European Union &amp; BeiDou from China -- offering PVT solution globally. In addition, there are two regional navigation satellite systems -- NavIC from India and QZSS from Japan offering navigation signals for the defined coverage area. The Navigation signals are offered free-to-air for a variety of applications ranging from air, space, maritime and land applications covering tracking, telematics, location based services (using cell phone and mobile devices), automotive, survey, mapping &amp; GIS and timing. GNSS also offer secured navigation signals exclusively for strategic applications of their respective countries as the free-to-air signals are susceptible to adversaries. There is a need for such secured services exclusively for the Indian strategic community also, according to the draft. The <keyword id="6377129" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="government-of-india">Government of India</keyword> has, therefore, established a resilient and independent system - Navigation with <keyword id="8829779" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-constellation">Indian Constellation</keyword> (NavIC) which is totally under its control. Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) augment navigation satellite constellations by providing integrity and correction information via geostationary satellites. WAAS of USA, EGNOS of European Union, SDCM of Russia, SNAS/BDSSBAS of China offer these services in their defined coverage area. Government of India has also established a similar SBAS system -- GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation-(GAGAN) for the Indian airspace. "Space based navigation /augmentation system is essentially a public good which has to be accessible to all users", the DoS said. "Such a national infrastructure can only be provided by the Government". Further, to strengthen Government's 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' initiative, it is essential to ensure continuity of NavIC and GAGAN services, upgrade the system considering the exponential technological advancements and also continue having the capability to operate in conjunction with other GNSS/SBAS, the draft said. So, it is pertinent to devise a comprehensive and substantive national policy for satellite based navigation. The objective of the policy is to ensure guaranteed and continuous availability of free-to-air navigation signals for civilian uses and secured navigation signals for strategic uses in the defined coverage area. Another goal is to ensure guaranteed and continuous availability of SBAS for aviation safety in the defined coverage area. There is also a need to work towards progressive evolution of navigation signals and expansion of coverage for enhanced use. Focus would also be on technology development for enhancing the navigation satellite systems, and working towards compatibility and interoperability of Indian satellite navigation and augmentation signals with other GNSS/SBAS signals. Another aim is to promote Indian industry and academia to carry out research and development activities in the field of satellite navigation based applications with emphasis on societal benefits. There is also a need to work towards facilitating global usage of Indian satellite navigation and augmentation systems, the DoS said in the draft. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-in-kerala-are-spiking-due-to-good-detection-better-reporting-and-early-easing-of-restrictions/articleshow/84942657.cms">COVID-19 cases in Kerala are spiking due to good detection, better reporting and early easing of restrictions</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/from-the-us-to-western-europe-to-new-zealand-natural-disasters-which-wreaked-havoc-in-the-last-6-months/slidelist/84940351.cms">From the US to Western Europe to New Zealand — natural disasters which wreaked havoc in the last 6 months</a>

Policy ignition: India's satellite navigation sector set for higher growth trajectory

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Pilots reported disruptions around areas including the Black Sea and Kaliningrad, per Bloomberg.</li><li>Russian trucks have been carrying jamming equipment to protect against GPS-guided missiles.</li></ul><keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>'s military has been disrupting commercial <keyword id="11896629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="planes" source="Orion">planes</keyword>' routines by jamming their <keyword id="11897864" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="satellite" source="Orion">satellite</keyword> navigation systems, according to pilots.<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-01/russia-is-jamming-jet-navigation-french-safety-official-says?sref=lAVQtUwz">Bloomberg reported the news</a> that following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, pilots said there have been disruptions around the Black Sea, the Kaliningrad region, and near Eastern Finland, according to Benoit Roturier, the head of satellite navigation at France's civil aviation authority <a href="https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/direction-generale-laviation-civile-dgac">DGAC</a>.The jamming is likely due to Russian trucks carrying jamming equipment meant to protect soldiers against GPS-guided missiles, Roturier also told Bloomberg. He added that the jamming was likely unintentional. "I don't think the goal is to jam civil aviation at this stage," he said. "That is collateral damage."The aviation industry has been impacted by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in numerous ways. It has mainly been disrupted through <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-uses-airspace-restrict-airliners-make-politic-moves-siberian-corridor-2021-12#while-russias-flight-ban-has-forced-carriers-to-add-hours-of-extra-time-to-certain-routes-strictly-controlled-russian-airspace-is-nothing-new-for-decades-the-country-has-only-allowed-certain-global-carriers-to-fly-its-skies-3">Russia's airspace ban</a> and Western sanctions targeting Russian airlines, which have left <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-largest-airplane-lessor-files-russia-aircraft-insurance-claim-2022-3">jets stranded</a> in the country. Now commercial <keyword id="11896919" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="aircraft" source="Orion">aircraft</keyword> <keyword id="11943424" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="safety" source="Orion">safety</keyword> stands to be impacted as well.On March 17, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency <a href="https://www.easa.europa.eu/newsroom-and-events/news/easa-publishes-sib-warn-intermittent-gnss-outages-near-ukraine-conflict">warned</a> about an "increased probability of problems with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)" that commercial planes use, following Russia's invasion.The agency noted that the jamming had forced some planes to reroute."The effects of GNSS jamming and/or possible spoofing were observed by aircraft in various phases of their flights, in certain cases leading to re-routing or even to change the destination due to the inability to perform a safe landing procedure," the agency <a href="https://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/2022-02">said in a release.</a>The European Union Aviation Safety Agency told Insider it had no further comment on the matter.The DGAC did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment made outside of normal working hours.It additionally pointed out that disruptions have also been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean area near Cyprus, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, and Northern Iraq.Russia's involvement in the Syrian conflict in 2018 had also led to disruptions that year, Roturier told Bloomberg. More than 60 airlines reported losses in their satellite navigation systems, according to a 2019 EU report to the International Civil Aviation Organization, which Bloomberg cited."All of Europe needs to prepare contingency plans for when these satellite systems are lost," Roturier told the outlet. "For some countries closer to the front, who may be less advanced in putting in place contingency plans, the current situation has served to highlight the need. It's a wake-up call."

Russia's military has  been jamming commercial planes' satellite navigation systems since the invasion of Ukraine, a report says

<ul><li>NavIC, the Indian GPS, to be launched soon and will work with the help of a constellation of seven satellites to provide accurate position information to users within the country. </li><li>The desi GPS is expected to work better because a larger number of satellites will be focusing on a smaller area. </li><li>The CAG Report states NavIC’s delays and money overruns . </li></ul>The Indian Regional <keyword id="48724" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Navigation">Navigation</keyword> Satellite System’s (IRNSS) project of an indigenous GPS, sanctioned by the Indian government in 2006, is finally near its completion. The <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-desi-gps-navic-all-set-to-navigate-you/articleshow/64639096.cms">NavIC</a> (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is all set to be launched soon. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has taken the lead in this project. The ‘desi’ <keyword id="60096" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Positioning-System">Global Positioning System</keyword>, or the GPS as it is better known, is an attempt to challenge the GPS made by the West and also become self-reliant when it comes to tracking and mapping. <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> took up this project after the US government denied access to its GPS to track the positioning of Pakistani troops during the Kargil War in 1999. NavIC will work with the help of a constellation of seven satellites to provide accurate position information to users within the country. The satellites cover India and upto 1,500 kilometres of area from its borders. The NavIC will be helpful with terrestrial, aerial and marine navigation, vehicle tracking and fleet management, disaster management, mapping and geodetic data capture, visual and voice navigation for drivers. To access all these services, the NavlC needs to be embedded in chips and other devices that are compatible with mobiles and can be used in cars. While it sounds like a great option to generate money by going the ‘Make in India’ way, IT secretary, Ajay Prakash Sawhney, has said that the NavIC will be providing these services for the strategic interest of the country and not to earn revenues. The GPS we use in the country right now comes from the West and its accuracy, efficiency is often debatable and reliant on the network services in the country. The desi GPS is expected to work better because a larger number of satellites will be focusing on a smaller area. It is also expected to work better across weather conditions as it uses a dual frequency system and has a position accuracy of five metres as opposed to the foreign GPS technology that uses single frequency and has 20-30 metres of position accuracy. The project, when approved, was given a budget of ₹14.2 billion and was expected to be out by 2011. It is clear that the project has <a href="https://thewire.in/space/indias-gps-delayed-by-deadline-overruns-isros-administrative-laxity-cag">failed to meet deadlines</a>, but there’s a reason for it all. An audit done this March by Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), the authority that examines all receipts and expenditures of the Government of India and the state governments, explains the delay. The <a href="https://www.cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Chapter_7_Department_Of_Space_of_Report_No.2_of_2018_%E2%80%93_Compliance_Audit_on_Scientific_and_Environmental_MinistriesDepartments_Union_Government.pdf">CAG report</a> states that there has been a delay of anything between two to nine years in the completion of specific contracts given to ISRO for NavIC. Seven contracts were still pending till last May. Though ISRO can not be blamed for all the delays, most of them were because of inadequate follow-up, failed coordination or mere “administrative laxity”. Failed satellite launches and dysfunctional equipment like atomic and primary clocks has further added to NavlC’s delay. So far, ISRO has spent over ₹24 billion on NavIC - ₹12.8 billion from sanctioned budget, and a supplementary ₹11.6 billion to launch the seven satellites. There has been a lot of “unnecessary expenditure”, according to the CAG audit, which even includes the purchase of incompatible modems. The project had also been at odds with the government when it refused to carry out some responsibilities it took funds for, like setting up the user segment. However, despite these challenges, all that NavIC now awaits is the Request for Proposal (RPF) that has been called for so as it can begin with the implementation, launch and promotion. Once that is done, India will become one of the countries with their own positioning system like, Russia and USA, strengthening its social and technological position worldwide.

Move aside, India is all set to launch its desi GPS service and it might be more accurate

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) is gearing up for an "extremely challenging" experiment of controlled re-entry of a decommissioned orbiting satellite on Tuesday. The low <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword> satellite, Megha-Tropiques-1 (MT1), was launched on October 12, 2011, as a joint satellite venture of ISRO and the French space agency, CNES for tropical weather and climate studies. An uninhabited area in the Pacific Ocean between 5°S to 14°S latitude and 119°W to 100°W longitude was identified as the targeted re-entry zone for MT1, weighing about 1000 kg. About 125 kg on-board fuel remained unutilised at its end-of-mission that could pose risks for accidental break-up, an ISRO statement noted. This left-over fuel was estimated to be sufficient to achieve a fully controlled atmospheric re-entry to impact the uninhabited location in the Pacific Ocean. Controlled re-entries involve deorbiting to very low altitudes to ensure impact occurs within a targeted safe zone. Usually, large satellites/rocket bodies, which are likely to survive aero-thermal fragmentation upon re-entry, are made to undergo controlled re-entry to limit ground casualty risk. However, all such satellites are specifically designed to undergo controlled re-entry at <keyword id="336838" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="eol" source="Orion">EOL</keyword>. "MT1 was not designed for EOL operations through controlled re-entry which made the entire exercise extremely challenging", ISRO said. Furthermore, the on-board constraints of the aged satellite, where several systems had lost redundancy and showed degraded performance, and maintaining subsystems under harsher environmental conditions at much lower than originally designed orbital altitude added to the operational complexities. Innovative workarounds were implemented by the operations team based on the study, deliberations, and exchanges among the mission, operations, flight dynamics, aerodynamics, propulsion, controls, navigation, thermal, and other sub-system design teams across the ISRO centres, who worked in synergy to surmount these challenges. Since August 2022, 18 orbit manoeuvres have been performed to progressively lower the orbit. In between the de-orbiting, aero-braking studies at different solar panel orientations were also carried out to gain better insights into the physical process of atmospheric drag affecting the orbital decay of the satellite. The final de-boost strategy has been designed after taking into consideration several constraints, including visibility of the re-entry trace over ground stations, ground impact within the targeted zone, and allowable operating conditions of subsystems, especially the maximum deliverable thrust and the maximum firing duration of the thrusters. The final two de-boost burns followed by the ground impact are expected to take place between 16:30 IST to 19:30 IST on March seven, ISRO said. Aero-thermal simulations show that no large fragments of the satellites are likely to survive the aerothermal heating during the re-entry. Although the mission life of the satellite originally was three years, it continued to provide valuable data services for more than a decade supporting regional and global climate models till 2021, Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said. UN/IADC (Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee) space debris mitigation guidelines recommend deorbiting a <keyword id="91911" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="leo" source="Orion">LEO</keyword> (Low Earth Orbit) object at its end-of-life (EOL), preferably through controlled re-entry to a safe impact zone, or by bringing it to an orbit where the orbital lifetime is less than 25 years, according ISRO. It is also recommended to carry out "passivation" of on-board energy sources to minimise the risk of any post-mission accidental break-up. The orbital lifetime of MT1 would have been more than 100 years in its 20 deg inclined operational orbit of 867 km altitude, according to ISRO. "As a responsible space agency committed to safe and sustainable operations in outer space, ISRO proactively takes efforts for better compliance with the UN/IADC space debris mitigation guidelines on post-mission disposal of LEO objects", the statement said. The re-entry experiment of MT1 has been undertaken as a part of the ongoing efforts as this satellite with sufficient left-over fuel presented a unique opportunity to test the relevant methodologies and understand the associated operational nuances of post mission disposal by direct re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, it was stated. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/a-unique-cricket-match-for-wheelchair-bound-players-in-kolkata/articleshow/98446407.cms">A unique cricket match for wheelchair bound players in Kolkata</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/women-are-shaping-new-real-estate-trends-like-preference-for-bigger-homes-anarock/articleshow/98446173.cms">Women are shaping new real estate trends like preference for bigger homes: Anarock</a>

ISRO gears up for 'extremely challenging' experiment of controlled reentry of aged satellite

<ul><li>India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from <keyword id="6356662" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="singapore" source="Orion">Singapore</keyword>.</li><li>Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999.</li></ul>Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh) India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from Singapore. With this latest rocketing success, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999. Speaking about the mission Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S. Somanath said: "The <keyword id="6395832" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="pslv" source="Orion">PSLV</keyword> rocket has placed the satellites at the intended orbit. The PSLV has demonstrated its higher reliability." Adding further Somanath said the ISRO team has done several new things to bring down the rocket's cost as the industry is gearing up manufacture. He said the rocket's upper stage on which seven non-separable payloads are fixed will be orbiting for a month and do the experiments. "For the first time, a deployable solar panel has been fixed on the upper stage," Somanath added. The PSLV Core Alone variant rocket carrying the 741 kg synthetic aperture radar satellite TeLEOS-2 as the primary passenger and the 16 kg Lumilite-4, a technology demonstration nano satellite as the co-passenger blasted off from the first launch pad at <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> (SDSC) here at 2.20 p.m. The rocketing on Saturday was made possible by NewSpace India Ltd-the commercial arm of India's Department of Space -- by contracting with the two parties. These two satellites apart, there are seven non-separable experimental payloads which are part of the rocket's final stage (PS4). They belong to ISRO, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Bellatrix Aerospace, <keyword id="2623423" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="dhruva-space" source="Orion">Dhruva Space</keyword>, and Indian Institute of Astrophysics. The ISRO uses the final stage (PS4) of the PSLV rocket as an orbital platform for in-orbit experiments and has named it as PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM). The four stage expendable, 44.4 m tall PSLV-C55 rocket weighing 228 ton slowly rose-up towards the skies from the first launchpad here with thick orange flame at its tail. The rocket gained speed as it went up while emitting a rolling thunder sound. The PSLV rocket is powered by solid (first and third stages) and liquid (second and fourth stages) fuels alternatively. The PSLV in normal configuration is a four stage/engine expendable rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels alternatively with booster motors strapped on to the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. The rocket that flew on Saturday was the 57th flight of PSLV and 16th mission of the Core Alone variant, without any strap-on motors. According to ISRO, The TeLEOS-2 satellite is developed under a partnership between DSTA (representing the government of Singapore) and <keyword id="275424" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="st-engineering" source="Orion">ST Engineering</keyword>. Once deployed and operational, it will be used to support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the government of Singapore. The TeLEOS-2 carries a synthetic aperture radar payload. TeLEOS-2 will be able to provide all-weather day and night coverage, and is capable of imaging at 1m full-polarimetric resolution, ISRO said. The Lumelite-4 satellite is co-developed by the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) of A*STAR and Satellite Technology and Research Centre (STAR) of the National University of Singapore. The Indian space agency said Lumilite-4 is an advanced 12U satellite developed for the technological demonstration of the High-Performance Space-borne VHF Data Exchange System (VDES). Using the VDES communication payload developed by I2R and STAR's scalable satellite bus platform, it aims to augment Singapore's e-navigation maritime safety and benefit the global shipping community. Just over 19 minutes into its flight, the PSLV-C55 first orbited TeLEOS-2 and followed it by Lumilite-4 - both into an Eastward low inclination orbit. (Venkatachari Jagannathan can be reached at v.jagannathan@ians.in) SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/bard-to-magi-googles-latest-weapon-in-the-battle-for-search-supremacy/articleshow/99576251.cms">From Bard to Magi: Google's latest weapon in the battle for search supremacy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ai-generated-images-and-videos-a-game-changer-or-a-threat-to-authenticity/articleshow/99560443.cms">AI-generated images and videos: A game-changer or a threat to authenticity?</a>

India successfully orbits 2 Singapore satellites (Ld)

<ul><li>At the start of 2020, Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) Chairman and Secretary Department of Space K. Sivan said that the space agency was planning to have 25 launches. </li><li>All was going well for ISRO after the crashlanding of India's moon lander Vikram on the lunar surface in 2019.</li><li>The first setback of the year for ISRO came on March 4, when it had to call off the launch of GISAT-1, a day before its actual launch, owing to technical reasons. </li></ul>What would have been an insipid first half of the calendar year 2020 for the Indian space agency turned a bit interesting towards the end, with the government announcing its decision to open up the sector to private participation. At the start of 2020, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman and Secretary Department of Space K. Sivan said that the space agency was planning to have 25 launches -- including Aditya-L1 satellite, <keyword id="1512353" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Geo-Imaging-Satellite">Geo Imaging Satellite</keyword> (GISAT-1), realisation of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) or small rocket (carrying capacity 500 kg), navigation satellite with indigenous atomic clocks and <keyword id="9550825" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-data-relay-satellite-system">Indian Data Relay Satellite System</keyword> (IDRSS), and GSAT-20 satellite with electric propulsion. Sivan also said India will embark on its third moon mission 'Chandrayaan-3' and attempt to land a lander on the lunar surface sometime in 2020-21. All was going well for ISRO after the crashlanding of India's moon lander Vikram on the lunar surface in 2019. The year began well ISRO with the launch of the 3,357 kg communication satellite GSAT-30 by the European space agency Arianespace rocket Ariane 5 on January 17. The ISRO also showcased its robot/half-humanoid -- Vyommitra - which was part of its human space mission programme 'Gaganyaan'. The first setback of the year for ISRO came on March 4, when it had to call off the launch of GISAT-1, a day before its actual launch, owing to technical reasons. The ISRO did not share any detail about the technical reasons, or the glitch, and its rectification since then. It is also not known when the satellite with a very good camera would be launched. Then came the Covid-19 lockdown within and outside India that had its cascading impact on ISRO's core plans like the realisation of SSLV, launch of GISAT-1, delay in the first test-flight of the rocket as part of Gaganyaan mission. "During the lockdown, industries that were supplying components were not working. Our own officials were not able to attend office. Further travel to Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh for satellite launch by the officials were not possible due to the lockdown," Sivan told IANS. It is also not known when ISRO will be able to restart its satellite launch operations. With coronavirus infection spreading fast in the county, ISRO also started work on developing a low-cost ventilator and sanitiser. Meanwhile, two positive developments happened for ISRO -- securing an Indian patent for its liquid cooling and heating garment (LCHG) suitable for space applications and for its method of manufacturing highland lunar soil simulant or simply lunar/moon soil. On May 16, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that Indian private sector will be a co-traveller in India's space-sector journey and a level-playing field will be provided for them in satellites, launches, and space-based services. She also said that a predictable policy and regulatory environment will be provided to private players. The future projects for planetary exploration, outer space travel and others are to be opened up for the private sector, adding there will be a liberal geo-spatial data policy for providing remote-sensing data to tech-entrepreneurs subject to various checks. Welcoming the announcement, sectoral experts suggested various models for restructuring of ISRO and also urged the government to set up an independent regulator and also enact necessary legislation. On June 24, the Union Cabinet decided to set up Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), making ISRO to focus on research and development (R&amp;D) of new technologies, exploration missions, and human spaceflight programme. Singh said the Union Cabinet led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi decided to set up IN-SPACe to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure. He also said the New Space India Limited (NSIL) will endeavour to re-orient space activities from a 'supply driven' model to 'demand driven' model, thereby ensuring optimum utilisation of the country's space assets. Former ISRO Chairman <keyword id="52158" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="madhavan-nair">Madhavan Nair</keyword> said there should be a national space law to define responsibilities and liabilities. Pointing out the role envisaged for IN-SPACe and the demand for a sectoral regulator, when queried whether the proposed body could be converted into the space sector regulator, Sivan told IANS: "IN-SPACe could be turned into a regulatory body when the necessary laws and regulations are in place." "We are on the job of getting ready the Space Activities Bill. It will define the space activities, liabilities and other aspects," he added. As part of the reform process, new navigation policy is also being proposed. Suitable changes in the remote sensing data policy as well as SATCOM policy are on the anvil to align them to an open and inclusive space sector, said Sivan. "The best is to establish an independent regulator -- <keyword id="9550824" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-regulatory-authority-of-india">Space Regulatory Authority of India</keyword> (SRAI) -- which will create a level-playing field for many of the emerging players," Narayan Prasad, Chief Operating Officer, satsearch, told IANS. Establishing an independent regulator could allow a systematic review and reforms on a continuous basis rather than one-off announcements, Prasad said. As per current scheme of things, IN-SPACe will have its own directorates for technical, legal, safety and security, monitoring as well as activities promotion for assessing the private sector's needs and coordination of the activities. IN-SPACe would have a board and representatives from industry, academia and the government, Sivan said. "Initially, IN-SPACe will be manned by people from the existing space setup. Later, people from outside will be taken in. It will have its funds from the budgetary allocations for the DoS. The new body may not need big financial allocations," Sivan remarked. Stressing that the ISRO's importance will not diminish with the entry of IN-SPACe, Sivan said all the existing centres - manufacturing, services, rocket launch centres - would continue to be with the ISRO. "The ISRO will be involved in research and development in advanced technologies, human space missions. It will also share its technological expertise with the private parties. The proposed new body will not disturb the existing ones. It will be another autonomous body," Sivan said. Industry officials are hoping to see further steps being taken by the government regarding the space sector during the second half of 2020. But as regards the satellite launches - domestic as well as foreign for a fee - by ISRO during the year depends on the spread or control of coronavirus and the resultant lockdown. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/photographer-of-the-viral-black-panther-images-from-india-shares-his-story/articleshow/76830618.cms">INTERVIEW: Shaaz Jung opens up about the blood, sweat and years behind the viral images of a rare black panther</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/harvard-and-mit-are-suing-ice-to-block-its-order-forcing-international-students-to-leave-the-us-if-their-course-is-online-only/articleshow/76856699.cms">Harvard, MIT, and Northeastern University are suing ICE to block its order forcing international students to leave the US if their course is online-only</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/russian-scammers-are-conning-senior-executives-into-giving-away-2-7-million-by-impersonating-real-ceos-and-lawyers/articleshow/76849870.cms">Russian scammers are conning senior executives into giving away $2.7 million by impersonating real CEOs and lawyers</a>

You Searched For "Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System" and got 10 results

ISRO's final developmental flight lifts off from Sriharikota spaceport

PTI

China is closing a South China Sea surveillance gap with a new radar made to spot stealth aircraft, satellite images suggest

Chris Panella

The sun is at its 11-year maximum. That means another year of eruptions that can endanger satellites, ground flights, and spark stunning auroras.

Morgan McFall-Johnsen

China trains Nepal policymakers on BeiDou navigation system amid border tensions with India

IANS

Policy ignition: India's satellite navigation sector set for higher growth trajectory

PTI

Russia's military has been jamming commercial planes' satellite navigation systems since the invasion of Ukraine, a report says

Urooba Jamal

Move aside, India is all set to launch its desi GPS service and it might be more accurate

BI India Bureau

ISRO gears up for 'extremely challenging' experiment of controlled reentry of aged satellite

PTI

India successfully orbits 2 Singapore satellites (Ld)

IANS

ISRO doesn't know when it will be ready to restart space launches

IANS

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