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India has applied for entry into the elite <keyword id="106964" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Nuclear-Suppliers-Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</keyword>, and has also got the support of Swiss President Johann Schneider-Ammann, who has announced that his country will extend support to New Delhi's membership in the 48-member group after holding comprehensive talks with PM Narendra Modi. 
 
To make chances of entry into the esteemed club smoother, Modi government has also restored an organisation which would be the nodal agency for nuclear cooperation with smaller countries. However, even after all these efforts, nuclear experts think that China will not let India enter the club easily. 
 
Leading American think tanks, like Stimson Center, United States Institute of Peace and School of Advanced International Studies have opined that India's NSG application, which is due for review on June 9 at the NSG meeting, will be facing a lot of objections from China, who wants to crush India’s dreams of becoming an NSG member. 
 
China feels that if the NSG countries make an exception for India to enter the club, Pakistan should not be left behind, even though Islamabad was caught selling nuclear weapons secrets to Libya, because of which it had to face global embarrassment. 
 
"Pakistan and China have played their cards really well this time around. Pakistan has an application for NSG membership and China can, therefore, argue what's good for the goose is good for the gander," said Micheal Krepon, a nuclear proliferation expert and co-founder of the Stimson Center. 
 
Experts expect China to stress on Pakistan being given the same exceptions as India, the reason being dependency of Pakistan’s nuclear program on Chinese supplies. 
 
Beijing has been continuously assisting Pakistan for its civil and military nuclear programme, thereby violating the obligations and commitments that it had made as an NSG member. 
 
"It would be very surprising if China lets India in without an equal concession for Pakistan," said Colin Cookman, program officer at the United States Institute of Peace. 
 
If India enters the club, it would also shake China's position in the strategic battle which is being fought in Asia. However, it would cover it up saying that their opposition is just out of a sense of international equality. 
 However, China is not the only country which could be putting roadblocks in India’s journey to NSG. Several <keyword id="3362769" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="NSG-Members">NSG members</keyword> would shy away from supporting India because of its refusal to sign the CTBT and the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty, and the fact that the promise of nuclear reactor construction contracts with India never materialised. 
 
The club works on a consensus basis, which needs every country to at least not object to a new membership, if not support it. 
 
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nuclear_suppliers_group_membership_map.svg/2000px-Nuclear_suppliers_group_membership_map.svg.png">Image source</a>

Pakistan’s ‘friend’ China won’t let India enter Nuclear Suppliers Group alone, say experts

India is fast-pacing its efforts for entry into the elite <keyword id="106964" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nuclear-Suppliers-Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</keyword> (NSG) and is making all diplomatic efforts to gain the membership in the 48-member nuclear group. 
 
India’s blitzkrieg efforts for NSG come in the backdrop that the country wants to expand its nuclear power generation and also enter the export market. 
 
New Delhi has been pushing for NSG membership since 2008 and there has been increasing appreciation for Indian nuclear controls and capabilities since then. 
 
The country becomes more hopeful of entry into the nuclear club as it gained membership in Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s US visit. 
 
However, India’s NSG efforts have been stonewalled by China, which has raised objection on India’s membership, saying even Pakistan should be given entry. 
 
In all its efforts to coax China, the two-day plenary session of the NSG in Seoul becomes important where Modi will meet Chinese President Xi Jinping, on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit. 
 
As Modi is bidding high for India’s entry, here’s what you should know about NSG 
 
What is NSG? 
NSG is a 48-nation grouping, which controls nuclear related exports, was formed in 1974 to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. 
 
Ironically, it was formed to counter Indian nuclear tests. 
 
Who all are backing India? 
During Modi’s recent US visit, President Barack Obama backed India’s bid for NSG and also urged other countries to back India. 
 
Presently, 34 nations support India’s application. However, China, Turkey, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa and Austria are opposing India’s stand. 
 
China is leading the opposition, arguing that India has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and that even Pakistan was eligible for NSG entry. China says if India is admitted, it will shake up the nuclear-arms balance in South Asia as India will engage in a massive nuclear weaponisation programme. 
 
The Dragon stated that India's membership will 'jeopardise' China's national interests and touch a 'raw nerve' in Pakistan. 
 
But why is NSG so important for India? 
 
India’s entry into NSG is important due to following factors: 
1. India wants to become a player in this international arena where nuclear commerce norms are laid. It will also get access to technology for a range of uses from medicine to building nuclear power plants for India. 
2. If India wins the bid, it will have access to international market for export as well as for import of nuclear related materials. India can also commercialize the production of nuclear power equipment, which will boost innovation and high tech manufacturing in India-a fillip to ‘Make in India’ 
3. India needs NSG membership to build nuclear reactors, provide clean energy. 
4. If India gets the membership, it can block Pakistan entry by consensus, which is why China is against New Delhi.

Why the NSG spot is so important to India in a simple explanation

China raised a red flag on India’s entry into the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=nsg&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Nuclear Suppliers Group</a> (NSG), saying NSG members will arrive at a consensus on admitting countries that have not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty. 
 
Even though India’s application for NSG was accepted, making the country eligible for discussion at Seoul, China blocked India's case. 
 
However, 29 out of 48 countries are in favour of India’s entry into NSG and even the US is urging doubting countries to pass India’s application. 
 
READ ALSO: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/China-will-not-talk-about-Indias-NSG-membership-in-Seoul-meeting/articleshow/52836621.cms">China will not talk about India's NSG membership in Seoul meeting</a> 
 
In this backdrop, Argentina, the current chair of the NSG, and few countries has been discussing a Plan B, informally. 
 
Reportedly, these countries are working to set-up a time-bound working group for non-NPT countries to join the grouping. 
 
ET reported the argument is that such an arrangement would allow the matter to at least come up on the agenda in Seoul. And from an Indian standpoint give it a definite timeframe. 
 
This is termed as 'peeling the onion' strategy, which is targeting possible naysayers through its key backers. So if it leaned on US to bring countries like Mexico on board, it had Germany work on Switzerland and Australia on New Zealand. 
 
READ ALSO: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/US-urges-non-supporting-countries-to-back-Indias-NSG-bid/articleshow/52792421.cms">US urges non-supporting countries to back India’s NSG bid</a> 
 
Gradually, numbers have dwindled with only a few doubtful cases. India's calculations hinge on peeling the onion in a way that China remains the last country standing.

If China disapproves of India’s NSG bid, here’s the Plan B

The outgoing <keyword id="67373" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="obama-administration">Obama Administration</keyword> has lashed out at China for blocking India from becoming a member of the <keyword id="106964" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nuclear-Suppliers-Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</keyword> by describing the Communist giant as an "outlier" in its effort to bring New Delhi on board the elite grouping. 
 "Clearly there is one outlier that needs to be addressed and that is China," <keyword id="184648" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nisha-Desai-Biswal">Nisha Desai Biswal</keyword>, assistant secretary of state for South and <keyword id="6360296" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Central-Asia">Central Asia</keyword>, told <keyword id="6367495" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="PTI">PTI</keyword> in an interview. 
 The US statement comes a week ahead of the <keyword id="16284" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Obama">Obama</keyword> Administration passing on the baton to the <keyword id="3798493" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="trump-administration">Trump Administration</keyword>. 
 Officials say it is because of the Chinese resistance that India could not become a member of <keyword id="44790" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="NSG">NSG</keyword>, where all decisions are taken on the basis of consensus. 
 "The (US) President (<keyword id="15962" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Barack-Obama">Barack Obama</keyword>) has been very clear and unequivocal that he believes that India has met the criteria for NSG and that the <keyword id="6356955" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="united-states">United States</keyword> supports India's entry that India is ready and India should be brought into the NSG," she said. 
 
"We worked very closely with India to support India's application into the NSG, but we also recognise that there continue to be some concerns, some reservations that some of the members of the NSG have expressed that need to be worked through," she said. 
 "We believe we have made substantial progress on that and as we hand the baton over to the next administration the path forward will be found for that. Clearly there is one outlier that needs to be addressed and that is China. As we move through all the other elements of the NSG membership, I think, we're on a good path forward," <keyword id="776234" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Biswal">Biswal</keyword> said. 
 
So what remains is to be able to have a very clear understanding on what is the basis of China's reservations and to try to work through those. So that will be something that would move on to the next administration to carry forward, she said in response to a question. 
 
"But this is something that the President himself has personally engaged on, the Secretary (of State), (National Security Advisor), Ambassador (Susan) Rice and down the line this has been an area of intense effort by this administration," Biswal said. 
 While India not becoming a NSG member is disappointing, Biswal said the Obama Administration is "very very gratified to see India's entry into the <keyword id="471445" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Missile-Technology-Control-Regime">Missile Technology Control Regime</keyword> (<keyword id="735897" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="MTCR">MTCR</keyword>)". 
 China is advocating a two-step "non-discriminatory" approach for admission of countries who have not signed nuclear-Non Proliferation Treaty (<keyword id="51229" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="NPT">NPT</keyword>) in the NSG. 
 As per the new stand announced by <keyword id="1333" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Beijing">Beijing</keyword> in November, it first wants to find a solution that is applicable to the admission of all non-NPT members followed by discussions to admit specific non-NPT member. 
 
China's stand for non-discriminatory criteria is regarded significant as Pakistan, a close ally of Beijing too has applied for the NSG membership along with India.

Obama administration annoyed
with China for blocking India’s NSG membership

After China’s strong opposition against India’s entry into the elite Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), India managed to formally enter the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a group that China hasn't been allowed to enter so far owing to its immoral proliferation record. 
 
Bitten by this, an editorial in the Chinese state-run Global Times has referred Indians as self-centered, self-righteous, lacking morals and blindly following the West. 
 
The editorial is full of insults hurled at Indians, who as per the Chinese paper, don't understand what nationalism is, lack basic morals, are spoiled, and just do what the West does. 
 
While it highlights India's failed attempt to enter the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), it clearly appears to have been written after India’s successful entry into MTCR, and out of jealousy because of that. 
 
The piece goes on to teach Indians a thing or two about patriotism, accusing them for their obsession with the West. 
 
"US backing adds the biggest impetus to India's ambition...The US is not the whole world. Its endorsement does not mean India has won the backing of the world. This basic fact, however, has been ignored by India," it says. 
 
The editorial keeps stressing on the fact that as a country, China follows all the rules, and sings the same old tunes that an NSG member requires to sign the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which India hasn’t so far. 
 
"India is not a signatory to the NPT, but is the most active applicant to join the NSG. Before the Seoul meeting, the Indian media played up the prospects of its bid. Some even claim that among the 48 members of the NSG, 47 have given it a green light, except China, "the editorial flares up. 
 
However, it doesn’t touches the topic of China's nuclear proliferation itself, the reason why it has been kept out of MTCR. 
 
The real reasons of the writer’s anger, although, comes towards the end of the piece. 
 
"Recent years have seen the Western world giving too many thumbs up to India, but thumbs down to China. India is spoiled. Although the South Asian country's GDP accounts for only 20 percent of that of China, it is still a golden boy in the eyes of the West, having a competitive edge and more potential compared to China. The international "adulation" of India makes the country a bit smug in international affairs." 
 
So now we know, why the editorial is so furious over India; it’s the western countries’ increased preference to India over China that stemmed this anger, but all we can say is, jealous much? 
 
<a href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/2061884/images/o-MODI-XI-JINPING-facebook.jpg">Image source</a>

Chinese media calls Indians self-centered, blind followers of the West, a day after India gets entry into MTCR

The United States, which backed India’s bid for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=NSG&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Nuclear Suppliers Group</a> (NSG), has written to non-supportive countries not to block the admission. 
 
During Indian <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=prime+minister+narendra+modi&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s</a> US visit, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=barack+obama&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">President Barack Obama</a> had welcomed India to the 48-member grouping. 
 "The United States calls on <keyword id="106964" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nuclear-Suppliers-Group">Nuclear Suppliers Group</keyword> (NSG) participating governments to support India's application when it comes up at the NSG plenary, which I think is next week," said state department Spokesman John Kirby. 
 
US secretary of state <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=john+kerry&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">John Kerry</a> had also written to the NSG member countries that are not supportive of India's bid, saying they should "agree not to block consensus on Indian admission". 
 
A joint statement issued after talks between Modi and Obama said the US called on NSG participating governments to support India's application when it comes up at the NSG Plenary later this month. 
 
India, though not a member, enjoys the benefits of membership under a 2008 exemption to NSG rules for its atomic cooperation deal with the US. 
 
The NSG looks after critical issues relating to nuclear sector and its members are allowed to trade in and export nuclear technology. The NSG works under the principle of unanimity and even one country's vote against India will scuttle its bid. 
 
The US support has come a day after expressed concern about India's entry, saying it will "shake" the strategic balance in South Asia and make India a "legitimate" nuclear power.

US urges non-supporting countries to back India’s NSG bid

Full transcript of PM Narendra Modi's TV interview

Indian Prime Minister Narenda Modi is all set to embark on a two-nation political tour, starting from Vietnam and followed by China, where he would be taking part in the <keyword id="3619515" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="G20-Summit-in-Hangzhou">G20 Summit in Hangzhou</keyword>. 
 
The recent past has seen a lot of tiffs between the Indian and Chinese government, be it over China’s opposition to India’s NSG application, or the topic of expulsion of Chinese journalists from India and how it was reported in the Chinese media. 
 
However, since there is always some scope for a healthy discussion, here are five points that PM Modi would be pushing, as per a TNN report: 
 
Pakistan 
 
The recent unrest in Kashmir saw Pakistan openly supporting Kashmiri terrorists and separatists against India, after which, India questioned protests in PoK over rigged elections, stating that PoK PoK belonged to India. 
 
It was then that PM Modi had warned Pakistan that India would raise its human rights violations in Balochistan in case Islamabad continues to support terrorist activities in Kashmir. 
 
Since China is a close ally to Pakistan and is seen supporting it, there are high chances that Pakistan would be a topic of discussion between India and China. 
 
<keyword id="1934950" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="China-Pakistan-economic-corridor">China-Pakistan Economic Corridor</keyword> (CPEC) 
 
India has been putting a lot of pressure on Islamabad, and this could prove to be harmful to the Chinese economy. CPEC is a $46-billion project, using which China wants to gain direct access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean Region. It has also invested heavily in the Gwadar Port in Balochistan for this very purpose. 
 
A critical part of this corridor runs through PoK, and now that India has decided to reinforce its legal claims on PoK, Beijing is bound to be upset. Even though the Chinese government has steered away from commenting on this, some sources say that Chinese think tanks have suggested China-Pakistan taking a joint military action against India so that the CPEC project is unhindered. 
 
<keyword id="430735" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="South-China-Sea">South China Sea</keyword> dispute 
 
This territorial dispute has made China stand against several nations, and this is benefitting India. 
 
After an international tribunal ruled in favour of India, that Beijing’s claims in the South China Sea were not justified, India had issued a statement in which it made a direct appeal to all nations involved in the conflict to “exercise self-restraint,” so that the dispute is not complicated further. 
 
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi was on his visit to India recently, when he said that it was up to New Delhi to support Beijing on the South China Sea dispute or not, also making sure that New Delhi does not raise the South China Sea issue anywhere. 
 
India’s budding friendships with South East Asia countries 
 
Vietnam is also involved in the South China Sea dispute, and Modi will be visiting it before China, where he would be signing a contract for the supply of four patrol vessels to the Vietnamese military. He could also discuss defence cooperation with Vietnam, much to China’s chagrin. 
 
India is increasingly getting friendly with other countries in the South East Asia, and China will most likely see these emerging friendships as a not-entirely-friendly alliance. 
 
India’s infrastructure development along China border 
 
Till almost a decade back, India had not built any infrastructure alongside Chinese border, making sure that Chinese be able to advance slowly in case Beijing invades India. However, China built up high-quality roads and rail links along the 3500-km border with India. 
 
Now that India is also looking to push infrastructure projects there, China has said that these efforts would only escalate tensions between the two countries. It was only recently that Beijing criticized India’s decision to deploy the advanced, supersonic cruise missile system BrahMos on its border with China, claiming that this deployment was “the opposite” of peace and stability. This too could be a topic of discussion, given that China on its part has done heavy military deployment in that area. 
 
<a href="http://img.newsheads.in/images4web/2014/09/18/639043627-India-china1_0.JPG">Image source</a>

PM Modi is set to visit China, and here is what he’ll be talking about

Indian Prime Minister <keyword id="969998" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narenda-Modi">Narenda Modi</keyword> is on a two-nation political tour that started from Vietnam and now <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> is in Chinese city, <keyword id="232713" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</keyword> for the crucial G20 summit. 
 
The recent past has seen a lot of tiffs between the Indian and Chinese government, be it over China's opposition to India's NSG application, or the topic of expulsion of Chinese journalists from India and how it was reported in the Chinese media. 
 
However, since there is always some scope for a healthy discussion, here are five points that PM Modi would be pushing, as per a TNN report: 
 
Pakistan 
 
The recent unrest in Kashmir saw Pakistan openly supporting Kashmiri terrorists and separatists against India, after which, India questioned protests in PoK over rigged elections, stating that PoK PoK belonged to India. 
 
It was then that PM Modi had warned Pakistan that India would raise its human rights violations in Balochistan in case Islamabad continues to support terrorist activities in Kashmir. 
 
Since China is a close ally to Pakistan and is seen supporting it, there are high chances that Pakistan would be a topic of discussion between India and China. 
 
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 
 
India has been putting a lot of pressure on Islamabad, and this could prove to be harmful to the Chinese economy. CPEC is a $46-billion project, using which China wants to gain direct access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean Region. It has also invested heavily in the Gwadar Port in Balochistan for this very purpose. 
 
A critical part of this corridor runs through PoK, and now that India has decided to reinforce its legal claims on PoK, Beijing is bound to be upset. Even though the Chinese government has steered away from commenting on this, some sources say that Chinese think tanks have suggested China-Pakistan taking a joint military action against India so that the CPEC project is unhindered. 
 
South China Sea dispute 
 
This territorial dispute has made China stand against several nations, and this is benefitting India. 
 
After an international tribunal ruled in favour of India, that Beijing's claims in the South China Sea were not justified, India had issued a statement in which it made a direct appeal to all nations involved in the conflict to "exercise self-restraint," so that the dispute is not complicated further. 
 
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi was on his visit to India recently, when he said that it was up to New Delhi to support Beijing on the South China Sea dispute or not, also making sure that New Delhi does not raise the South China Sea issue anywhere. 
 
India's budding friendships with South East Asia countries 
 
Vietnam is also involved in the South China Sea dispute, and Modi will be visiting it before China, where he would be signing a contract for the supply of four patrol vessels to the Vietnamese military. He could also discuss defence cooperation with Vietnam, much to China's chagrin. 
 
India is increasingly getting friendly with other countries in the South East Asia, and China will most likely see these emerging friendships as a not-entirely-friendly alliance. 
 
India's infrastructure development along China border 
 
Till almost a decade back, India had not built any infrastructure alongside Chinese border, making sure that Chinese be able to advance slowly in case Beijing invades India. However, China built up high-quality roads and rail links along the 3500-km border with India. 
 
Now that India is also looking to push infrastructure projects there, China has said that these efforts would only escalate tensions between the two countries. It was only recently that Beijing criticized India's decision to deploy the advanced, supersonic cruise missile system BrahMos on its border with China, claiming that this deployment was "the opposite" of peace and stability. This too could be a topic of discussion, given that China on its part has done heavy military deployment in that area.

You Searched For "India NSG application" and got 9 results

Pakistan’s ‘friend’ China won’t let India enter Nuclear Suppliers Group alone, say experts

BI India Bureau

Why the NSG spot is so important to India in a simple explanation

Akanksha Jain

If China disapproves of India’s NSG bid, here’s the Plan B

BI India Bureau

Obama administration annoyed with China for blocking India’s NSG membership

BI India Bureau

Chinese media calls Indians self-centered, blind followers of the West, a day after India gets entry into MTCR

BI India Bureau

US urges non-supporting countries to back India’s NSG bid

BI India Bureau

Full transcript of PM Narendra Modi's TV interview

BI India Bureau

PM Modi is set to visit China, and here is what he’ll be talking about

BI India Bureau

PM Modi in China for G20 summit, and here is what he’ll be talking about

BI India Bureau

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