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Remember the pictures of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin locked in a good-natured embrace that had surfaced on the internet not long ago? While they might not be indicative of the leaders’ alignment in their politics, it is certainly representative of the close ties between India and Russia on multiple strategic aspects, including their respective space programs. The two nations have been mostly pally with each other since India’s post-independence — despite tensions between the US and USSR. And what is perhaps the best example of this friendship would be how the Soviet Union has contributed to the establishment and growth of India's space program. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111577453" title="Modi&amp;#39;s Russia visit shows India isn&amp;#39;t worried about making the US mad" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>India's space program, conceived in the 1960s under the visionary leadership of Dr <keyword id="20550009" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vikram-sarabhai" source="keywords">Vikram Sarabhai</keyword>, was primarily focused on utilising space technology for national development. Unlike the space programs of the United States or the Soviet Union, which were heavily influenced by military competition and the Cold War, India's space endeavours were rooted in civilian and developmental objectives. Recognising the potential of space technology, India sought international cooperation, and the Soviet Union emerged as a crucial partner. As India celebrates its first <keyword id="18542869" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="national-space-day" source="Orion">National Space Day</keyword>, we would be remiss to not acknowledge all that Russia has done for our nation in terms of space exploration. And here are seven examples of the USSR's involvement during <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword>'s early years, with multiple instances of assistance. <h2>1. Aryabhata satellite (1975) </h2>The USSR was instrumental in the launch of India's first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. While the satellite was designed and developed by Indian scientists, it was launched using a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from the Kapustin Yar launch site in Russia. This marked India's first step into space and would not have been possible without Soviet support. <h2>2. Training of ISRO scientists</h2>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, many Indian space scientists received training in Soviet institutions. This included training in areas like satellite communications, telemetry, and space mission operations. The transfer of technical knowledge was crucial for ISRO as it developed its own capacity to build and operate satellites independently. <h2>3. Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara-II satellites (1979 and 1981)</h2>The USSR launched two Indian Earth observation satellites, Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara-II, which were crucial for remote sensing applications in areas like meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology. Both satellites were launched aboard Soviet rockets, contributing to India's development of satellite-based Earth observation capabilities. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="109511778" title="US satellites could face threat from Russia and China&amp;#39;s &amp;#39;unfriendly&amp;#39; space behavior, warn defense analysts" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><h2>4. Launch of apple satellite (1981)</h2>The Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) satellite, India's first experimental communication satellite, was launched in 1981 with Soviet assistance. While the satellite was launched aboard a European Ariane rocket, the Soviet Union provided crucial technical support during its development and also supported telemetry during its early operations. <h2>5. Tracking and telemetry support</h2>The USSR provided technical and infrastructural support to India by helping set up tracking and telemetry stations in India. These facilities were essential for controlling and receiving data from Indian satellites. Soviet technical assistance helped India develop its ground infrastructure for space missions. <h2>6. Interkosmos program (1984) </h2>Under the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program, India participated in a manned spaceflight mission. Rakesh Sharma, an Indian Air Force pilot, was sent into space aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 spacecraft, making him the first Indian to travel to space. This was a landmark event for India's space program, showcasing the close collaboration between ISRO and the Soviet space agency. <h2>7. Support for PSLV development</h2>In the early 1990s, during the development of ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), the Soviet Union provided guidance and support, particularly in rocket propulsion technology. This collaboration helped ISRO overcome technical hurdles and achieve greater self-reliance in launching satellites. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era in Indo-Soviet space collaboration. However, the legacy of the USSR's contributions to ISRO continues to influence India's space program. Russia, as the successor state of the Soviet Union, maintained friendly ties with India, and space collaboration continued, albeit with a different focus and scale. India’s manned space mission project, Gaganyaan, which aims to send Indian astronauts into space, involves training astronauts in Russia, demonstrating the lasting legacy of <keyword id="22892657" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indo-Soviet-space-cooperation" source="keywords">Indo-Soviet space cooperation</keyword>. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112569406" title="ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

7 times Russia aided India's space program — in chronological order

New Delhi, <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="keywords">India</keyword> does not 'rush' into any Free Trade Agreement (<keyword id="20000557" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fta" source="keywords">FTA</keyword>) if the pact is not equitable, balanced, and fair for the country, Commerce and Industry Minister <keyword id="19895367" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="piyush-goyal" source="keywords">Piyush Goyal</keyword> on Friday said. He said that the ground realities in India have changed now and the offers made by partner countries in these agreements are "not at all" comparable to what India is offering to the world. At present, negotiations for FTAs with the UK, Oman, and the four-nation European Free Trade Association (EFTA) are nearing conclusion. EFTA members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. The minister also said that India should never rush for trade negotiations as they are going to impact the country for years and years to come. "We enter into negotiations with our eyes wide open, we do extensive stakeholder negotiations...we do a lot of inter-ministerial consultations. We crystal gaze into the future and see that India offers the best business opportunities. "Sometimes trade negotiations take time because the other sides take time to understand what really is happening in India, how the India story is panning out, how new India is emerging. And some people also live in a colonial mindset of the past, so it takes us some more time to get them to understand that ground realities have changed. What is on the offer on their side is not at all comparable to what we are offering to the world and therefore unless it is a very equitable, balanced, and fair trade agreement, India does not rush into trade agreements anymore," he said. <keyword id="19895372" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="goyal" source="keywords">Goyal</keyword> said this at the Raisina Dialogue 2024 here. He was replying to a question about why trade negotiations with the UK and the EU (<keyword id="19895384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-union" source="keywords">European Union</keyword>) are proving more complicated. He added that some free trade agreements signed by the previous government have issues as adequate due diligence was not followed. In some cases, a little bit of rush to enter into an FTA was also there earlier, he said. India and the UK launched the talks for an FTA in January 2022 with a view to boost economic ties between the two nations. There are 26 chapters in the agreement, which include goods, services, investments, and intellectual property rights. The bilateral trade between India and the UK increased to USD 20.36 billion in 2022-23 from USD 17.5 billion in 2021-22. The seventh round of India-European Union talks is underway here. In June 2022, India and the EU restarted the negotiations for the long-pending trade and investment agreement after a gap of over eight years.

India does not rush into trade agreements if it is not fair, balanced, equitable: Goyal

The <keyword id="76115" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="european-parliament" source="Orion">European Parliament</keyword> on Saturday said its members have reached a landmark "provisional agreement" on the proposed Artificial Intelligence Act (<keyword id="16351032" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ai-act" source="Orion">AI Act</keyword>). The EU's AI Act is set to be the world's first comprehensive set of rules to govern AI and user harm associated with it. "This regulation aims to ensure that fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law and environmental sustainability are protected from high risk AI, while boosting innovation and making Europe a leader in the field," the European Parliament said in a statement. The rules establish obligations for AI based on its potential risks and level of impact. <keyword id="6355110" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="european-union" source="Orion">European Union</keyword> President <keyword id="10204860" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ursula-von-der" source="Orion">Ursula von der</keyword> <keyword id="4480934" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="leyen" source="Orion">Leyen</keyword> said that the political agreement is a "global first". "The AI Act is a global first. A unique legal framework for the development of AI you can trust. And for the safety and fundamental rights of people and businesses. A commitment we took in our political guidelines - and we delivered," she posted on X. Recognising the potential threat to citizens' rights and democracy posed by certain applications of AI, the co-legislators agreed to prohibit biometric categorisation systems that use sensitive characteristics (political, religious, philosophical beliefs, sexual orientation, race). The agreement also prohibits untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage to create facial recognition databases, emotion recognition in the workplace and educational institutions and social scoring based on social behaviour or personal characteristics. It also curbs AI systems that manipulate human behaviour to circumvent their free will and AI used to exploit the vulnerabilities of people (due to their age, disability, social or economic situation). For AI systems classified as high-risk (due to their significant potential harm to health, safety, fundamental rights, environment, democracy and the rule of law), clear obligations were agreed. Members successfully managed to include a mandatory fundamental rights impact assessment, among other requirements, applicable also to the insurance and banking sectors. "AI systems used to influence the outcome of elections and voter behaviour, are also classified as high-risk. Citizens will have a right to launch complaints about AI systems and receive explanations about decisions based on high-risk AI systems that impact their rights," said the Parliament. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indias-central-bank-to-establish-cloud-facility-for-financial-institutions/articleshow/105838279.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indias-central-bank-to-establish-cloud-facility-for-financial-institutions/articleshow/105838279.cms" target="_blank">India’s central bank to establish cloud facility for financial institutions</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/doms-industries-ipo-check-out-open-date-and-price-band/slidelist/105831826.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/doms-industries-ipo-check-out-open-date-and-price-band/slidelist/105831826.cms" target="_blank">DOMS to raise ₹1,200 cr via IPO: Journey, investors and everything you need to know</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/maruti-suzuki-hyundai-mahindra-and-other-car-companies-offering-big-discounts-in-december-2023-month/articleshow/105809628.cms">Maruti Suzuki to Hyundai – car makers offer huge year-end discounts to push sales</a>

EU reaches provisional agreement on landmark AI Act, a global first

New Delhi, <keyword id="17522689" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aviation-safety-regulator" source="Orion">Aviation safety regulator</keyword> <keyword id="6354787" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="dgca" source="Orion">DGCA</keyword> on Monday came out with revised Flight Duty Time Limitations (<keyword id="20111051" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fdtl" source="keywords">FDTL</keyword>) norms for flight crew, entailing increased weekly rest periods to 48 hours, extension of night hours, and limiting the number of night landings to only two as against six earlier. These regulations have been instrumental in managing fatigue-related aviation safety risks for more than a decade now, an official statement said. Airlines are required to comply with the revised norms latest by June 1, it said. With a view to address and mitigate concerns on pilot fatigue through a data-driven approach, Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) collected and analysed extensive numbers of pilot rosters, along with pilot fatigue reports submitted by airline operators, it said. Based on the study and analysis, some of the key areas inducing fatigue, such as maximum flight duty period, night duty, weekly rest period, flight duty period extension, among others, were identified, it said. The revised FDTL regulations have been formulated after extensive data analysis and feedback from various stakeholders, including airline operators, pilot associations and individuals, as per the statement. It also said the best practices in the world -- FAA in the US, and EASA in the <keyword id="19895384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-union" source="keywords">European Union</keyword> -- have also been taken into consideration in amending the regulations, while keeping in mind the specific operating environment in India. The revised regulations mandate increased weekly rest periods from 36 hours to 48 hours for flight crew, thus ensuring sufficient time for recovery from cumulative fatigue, it said. Moreover, the definition of night has been amended and it now covers the period of 0000-0600 hours in the revised regulations vis-a-vis the period of 0000-0500 hours under the previous regulations. This enhancement of one hour during the early morning will ensure adequate rest and also align the night duty period, which encompasses <keyword id="20111957" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="window-of-circadian-low" source="keywords">Window of Circadian Low</keyword> (WOCL) from 0200-0600 hours, the time during which the circadian body clock cycle is at its lowest in terms of alertness, the statement said. Also, the revised regulations have taken into consideration different types of operations across time zones, the statement said, adding that the maximum flight time and maximum flight duty period for flight operations encroaching night have been restricted to eight hours' flight time and 10 hours flight duty period, respectively. The number of landings has been limited to only two as against the maximum permissible six under previous regulations during night operations, thus enhancing flight safety, it added.

Aviation regulator raises weekly rest periods for flight crew to 48 hours

Melbourne Melbourne (Australia), Jul 31 (360info) The <keyword id="18212065" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-unions-ai-regulation" source="Orion">European Union's AI regulation</keyword> has some predicting a spate of Brussels copycats. Close, but not quite. "It is the AI moment." So went the declaration from International Telecommunications Union Secretary-General Doreen Bodgan-Martin at the conclusion of a UN summit in Geneva on 7 July 2023. At a historic UN Security Council meeting 11 days later, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres agreed. So did nations and regulators. A desire has emerged from powerful quarters to protect citizens from the potential harms of AI - issues that are known (discrimination, privacy violations, copyright theft) and those which are not. Yet. Most nations have approached issues like this by allowing sectors to individually regulate AI, such as aircraft design and flight safety. The infamous Boeing 737 MAX - which was grounded for over 18 months following two crashes within five months that killed 346 people - is one egregious example of regulatory failure. Other fields that have proactively regulated on AI include medical information (presiding over robot surgery and scan analysis), automated vehicles (the yet-to-materialise Tesla robot taxis and 'Full Self Drive' [sic]) and policing social media networks to protect against harms like disinformation. Some countries, such as the US, Japan and the UK, don't see the need for regulation to go beyond the combination of adaptive sectoral regulation and potential international agreements supplementing more speculative risks discussed in the so-called G7 Hiroshima Process. Others want to go further. More can be done. Generic laws could regulate AI across broader society. China has already published its law governing AI as part of its social control measures, which includes internet filtering through its 'Great Firewall of China' and a social credit scoring system. China intends to strictly control the use of AI much like it has with social media, banning Facebook, Google and TikTok from operating inside its borders (even though the latter has a Chinese parent company). Liberal democracies will not adopt the Chinese approach but may go further than the US, UK and Japan. The largest consumer market, the European Economic Area, is planning to adopt the so-called 'AI Act', which is actually a European Regulation on AI. Over two years since it was first proposed, the Act is locked in negotiations within the EU. It may take until April 2024 to properly pass. But it's not possible to simply lift the EU's AI Act and implant it in a different jurisdiction: it is part of a series of laws in European institutions and such an Act would be lost in translation. There's a name for when EU law is adopted and adapted in other nations: the '<keyword id="18212067" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="brussels-effect" source="Orion">Brussels Effect</keyword>', named after the city which hosts the EU's headquarters. It most often is invoked when describing the reaction to the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force in 2018 and has been widely hailed as setting a much-copied global standard for data protection. But an unnuanced analysis of the Brussels Effect is problematic. Many countries did not adopt the GDPR, but instead a separate law (the <keyword id="6359680" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="convention" source="Orion">Convention</keyword> 108+) from the <keyword id="113558" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="council-of-europe" source="Orion">Council of Europe</keyword>, a Strasbourg-based 47-member human rights organisation which predates the EU. In 2023, a group of interdisciplinary experts unanimously concluded that the Brussels Effect either wasn't possible or, if it was, would be limited. They found the AI Act would sit within the 'digital acquis', a large body of previously agreed laws with an interlocking web of powers and powers, all of which would need reproducing to make sense of the additions the AI Act provides. If such a Brussels Effect in AI is unlikely or highly constrained, there is a model nations could adopt. Despite the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and UN Education Social and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) both agreeing declarations of AI ethics principles, these are non-binding. That leaves Strasbourg's Council of Europe. Unlike EU laws, Conventions by the Council of Europe do not take direct effect in national law. Other nations beyond the Council's 47 members can sign onto Conventions through international agreement. For instance, the Council's Convention 108+ has 55 members, including Canada and countries across Latin America and Africa. The Council of Europe has brokered beyond its members going back decades, notably a 2001 cybercrime treaty that included not only Canada, but Japan and the US. The Convention 108+ is proof of what Oslo University's Lee Bygrave has described as a 'Strasbourg Effect', an alternative to the Brussels phenomenon. The Strasbourg Effect could fuel the way forward on AI. The Convention will likely be similar to the EU's AI Act, but with key distinctions. The Convention is being negotiated with the US, UK and Japan and is likely to adopt a more flexible approach, with more co-regulation with industry and independent experts where appropriate. As the Council of Europe is primarily a human rights organisation, it is also likely to pay more attention to the human rights implications of AI deployment. The Convention also has the advantage of being created in mid-2023, as opposed to the EU's Act which started in 2021. This means it can better address the foundational Large Language Models that emerged in early 2023, such as ChatGPT, Bard and others. In 2024, as the EU's AI Act and the Council's AI Convention are finalised, other liberal democracies, such as Australia, UK, Brazil, Japan and US, are expected to adopt and adapt these laws. When the rush starts, there is more likely to be a Strasbourg Effect of nations copying the Convention than any Brussels Effect. AI's regulation 'moment' that Bodgan-Martin heralded in July will last for years and be an exercise in international legal coordination. It best be comprehensive and careful to ensure the power of AI is deployed for the good of humanity. Chris Marsden is Professor of Artificial Intelligence, Technology and the Law at Monash University and an expert on Internet and digital technology law, having researched and taught in the field since 1995. <keyword id="18212066" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="george-christou" source="Orion">George Christou</keyword> is Professor of European Politics and Security at the University of Warwick, UK. He has published widely on European Politics and Security and he is the Editor for Palgrave's New Security Challenges Series. (360info.org) PY PY

What Europe's AI regulation moment will mean for the world

The government's decision to remove <keyword id="22142879" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indexation-benefit" source="keywords">indexation benefit</keyword> on sale of old property will result in huge <keyword id="22544904" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="inflow-of-black-money" source="keywords">inflow of black money</keyword> in <keyword id="19895040" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="real-estate" source="keywords">real estate</keyword> and investments in the sector will go down, AAP Rajya Sabha member <keyword id="19934326" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Raghav-Chadha" source="keywords">Raghav Chadha</keyword> said on Thursday. Asking the government to roll back the proposal, Chadha, while taking part in the discussion on the <keyword id="19908389" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Budget" source="keywords">Union Budget</keyword> 2024-25, said people will never be able to buy their "dream homes". "Restore indexation on <keyword id="20584761" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="long-term-capital-gains" source="keywords">long-term capital gains</keyword>. Throughout the world, to woo investors to invest they are incentivised. In this country, by removing indexation we are disincentivising the investor class," he said, adding that removing indexation is not imposing <keyword id="19987671" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tax" source="keywords">tax</keyword> but it is equivalent to "penalising investors". He said as a result of the step proposed by <keyword id="19956758" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Finance-Minister" source="keywords">Finance Minister</keyword> Nirmala Sitharaman in the Budget 2024-25, individuals selling old properties will incur higher tax outgo. "If you do not bring back indexation three things will happen in this country. First, <keyword id="19895437" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="investment" source="keywords">investment</keyword> in real estate will go down and people will never be able to buy their 'dream homes'," Chadha asserted. He further said there will be undervaluation of property deals, people will buy properties at 'circle rates' and will never disclose the real value of the property. "Third, there will be a huge inflow of <keyword id="20592248" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-money" source="keywords">black money</keyword> if you don't roll back this decision to withdraw indexation," he said. In the Union Budget 2024-25, the government proposed reducing the long-term capital gains tax on immovable properties to 12.5 per cent from 20 per cent, but removed the indexation benefits to adjust for inflation. As per the Memorandum to the Union Budget, with rationalisation of rate to 12.5 per cent, indexation available under Section 48 of the Income Tax Act has been proposed to be removed for calculation of any long-term capital gains, which is presently available for property, gold and other unlisted assets. Chadha also highlighted the high tax burden faced by common people and asked for a comprehensive review of both direct and indirect taxes. "We impose taxes like the Europeans do, to get services like sub-Saharan countries," he added. Taking part in the discussion, Debashish Samantaray of the BJD said the central government has given a raw deal to all eastern states like Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal in the Budget. He charged that in spite of Odisha giving 20 seats to the BJP, there was hardly anything for the state in the Union Budget. He noted that "regional aspiration should be addressed", and asked the central government to treat all states as equal. RJD's Sanjay Yadav attacked the government stating the Budget had nothing for the poor and marginalised and only catered to the rich and powerful. He noted that his party has been demanding special category status for Bihar for a very long time. Yadav said instead of dividing people on the basis of religion and caste, the government should work towards generating employment in the country. Medha Vishram Kulkarni of BJP and Rajani Ashokrao Patil of INC also participated in the debate. C V Shanmugham of AIADMK said allocation in the Budget does not significantly address the pressing needs of Tamil Nadu's infrastructure, health care, Social justice and education. The government has mentioned 76 projects in Tamil Nadu, but most of them are pre-existing ones getting a facelift. Moreover, in the Budget, no help in flood mitigation was provided, despite the state being prone to cyclones. There is no mention of a linkage of Kaveri and Godawari in the Budget, he said. Samirul Islam of AITC said this Budget is anti-people, anti-poor and anti-Bengal. It only satisfies Bihar and Andhra Pradesh's allies and is to save the government. "The Budget has deprived Bengal," he said. It has also ignored the people, especially the unorganised sector. 83 per cent of India's workforce is employed by unorganised sectors and failed to announce a comprehensive scheme for them and migrant workers, he said. M Mohamed Abdulla of the DMK said the Budget has provoked a constructive debate and disappointment in Tamil Nadu, a state known for its economic contributions. Tamil Nadu expected support and recognition in the budgetary allocations, but received nothing. The government is supposed to represent the people of the country as a whole. However, it is very unfortunate and unfair to see unequal distribution to the state governments, especially for the non-BJP ruled states like Tamil Nadu which provides the highest tax for the government, he said.

Removal of indexation benefit will lead to huge inflow of black money in real estate: Raghav Chadha

New Delhi: India's fossil fuel emissions are projected to rise by 4.6 per cent in 2024, while China could see a marginal rise of 0.2 per cent, according to new research by a group of international scientists. As the UN climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, discussed raising trillions of dollars to tackle <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword>, the group of scientists known as the "Global Carbon Project" warned that emissions from fossil fuels -- the main driver of warming -- could hit a record 37.4 billion tonnes in 2024, up 0.8 percent from 2023 levels. This comes despite rapid growth in renewable energy and a landmark agreement at COP28 in Dubai last year to move away from fossil fuels. The "<keyword id="23948569" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-carbon-budget-2024" source="keywords">Global Carbon Budget 2024</keyword>" report said total global CO2 emissions are set to go up from 40.6 billion tons in 2023 to 41.6 billion metric tons in 2024, which is on course to become the warmest year on record. "The impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly dramatic, yet we still see no sign that burning of fossil fuels has peaked," Professor Pierre Friedlingstein of Exeter's Global Systems Institute, who led the study, said. The 'Global Carbon Project' team said India, the world's most populous country and fastest-growing major economy, may see its fossil fuel emissions rise by 4.6 percent. According to a UN report released last month, India's greenhouse gas emissions surged by 6.1 per cent in 2023, contributing to 8 per cent of the global total. However, the country's historical contribution to global CO2 emissions stands at only 3 per cent. India's per capita emissions remain low at 2.9 tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), far below the global average of 6.6 tCO2e. India, the world's third-largest greenhouse gas emitter, has pledged to reach net zero emissions (balancing emissions with removals) by 2070 and aims to achieve 500 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. China's emissions, which make up 32 per cent of the global total, are likely to increase slightly by 0.2 per cent, though there is a chance they could decline, according to the data released on Wednesday. Emissions from the United States and the European Union, which contribute 13 per cent and 7 per cent of the global total, are both set to decline, with drops of 0.6 per cent for the US and 3.8 per cent for the EU. Emissions from the rest of the world, which together account for 38 per cent of global emissions, could see a rise of 1.1 per cent. The researchers said that in 2024, coal emissions will likely increase by 0.2 per cent, oil by 0.9 per cent, and gas by 2.4 per cent, globally. Coal, oil, and gas contribute 41 per cent, 32 per cent, and 21 per cent of global fossil CO2 emissions, respectively. However, given the uncertainty in projections, it remains possible that coal emissions could decline in 2024, they said. The report also pointed out that emissions from international aviation and shipping, which account for 3 per cent of global emissions and are tracked separately from national or regional totals, are expected to rise by 7.8 per cent in 2024. However, these emissions will still be 3.5 per cent below the 2019 pre-pandemic levels. Globally, emissions from land-use changes, like deforestation, have dropped by 20 per cent over the past decade but are expected to rise in 2024. Permanent CO2 removal through reforestation and new forest planting now offsets about half of the emissions from permanent deforestation, they added. Technology-based CO2 removal accounts for only a tiny fraction -- around one-millionth -- of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The report said that emissions from fires in 2024 have been above the average since the beginning of the satellite record in 2003, particularly due to the extreme 2023 wildfire season in Canada (which continued into 2024) and severe drought in Brazil. Land and ocean carbon sinks continued to absorb around half of the total carbon emissions, despite being negatively affected by climate change.

You Searched For "India European Union" and got 7 results

7 times Russia aided India's space program — in chronological order

Ashmita Gupta

India does not rush into trade agreements if it is not fair, balanced, equitable: Goyal

PTI

EU reaches provisional agreement on landmark AI Act, a global first

IANS

Aviation regulator raises weekly rest periods for flight crew to 48 hours

PTI

What Europe's AI regulation moment will mean for the world

PTI

Removal of indexation benefit will lead to huge inflow of black money in real estate: Raghav Chadha

PTI

Global fossil emissions to reach record high in 2024; India's share to rise by 4.6 pc: Report

PTI

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