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New Delhi, Jul 1 () Social media giant Facebook is deeply committed to investing in and nurturing India's digital economy, with a particular focus on helping small businesses, its India Managing Director Ajit Mohan said on Wednesday. "Facebook as a company is deeply committed to investing in and nurturing India's digital economy, with a particular focus on helping small businesses, helping the agenda of job creation. And, our commitment is to work with other players in the ecosystem to see how we can create material impact," Mohan said while speaking at a CII event. He added that the company intends to be an "ally" to India as the country goes through this "exciting economic and social transformation" with a particular focus on building tech capacity and local infrastructure that can accelerate the country's transformation agenda. Mohan highlighted that India has seen an acceleration in adoption of digital faster than any country in the world, and new technologies will continue to play a very defining role in shaping the future of the country. "New technologies can fundamentally change the course of industries and our lives and imagining that next decade...the role of new technologies really means thinking about new ways in which we can build capacity in India... It means improving our global competence in an interconnected world," he said. Mohan said there is a need to continue building an ecosystem -- through participation and investment from industry players and the government -- that drives innovation to create new business models propelling the economy and improve the quality of life for people. SR HRS

We are deeply committed to investing in and nurturing India's digital economy: Facebook

<ul><li>Thousands lost their jobs amid a deepening funding winter in 2022 amid massive layoffs by the tech companies.</li><li>According to a PwC <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> report, startup funding in India hit a two-year low at $2.7 billion in the third quarter of 2022.</li><li>Seed stage rounds also experienced a contraction and dropped by 38 per cent as compared to the previous year.</li></ul> Indian startups, which saw a massive 35 per cent drop in funding in 2022 -- from $37.2 billion in 2021 to $24.7 billion (till November) -- are bracing themselves for a deepening funding winter in 2023 as recession fears loom. Although some startups, like fintech platform <keyword id="6557529" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="kreditbee" source="Orion">KreditBee</keyword> ($200 million), Foodtech platform HealthKart ($135 million) and HRtech software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform BetterPlace ($40 million), raised decent funds in December last year and in the beginning of January, the scene overall is grim as VC money has squeezed. Thousands lost their jobs amid a deepening funding winter in 2022 amid massive layoffs by the tech companies, which still continues. According to a PwC India report, startup funding in India hit a two-year low at $2.7 billion in the third quarter of 2022. In 2022, the significant drop in funding was attributed to a decline in late-stage investments, which fell by 45 per cent from $29.3 billion in January-November 2021 to $16.1 billion for the same period this year, according to data provided by <keyword id="2779670" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="tracxn" source="Orion">Tracxn</keyword>, a leading global market intelligence platform. Seed stage rounds also experienced a contraction and dropped by 38 per cent as compared to the previous year. The report said that 22 startups entered the unicorn club in 2022, as compared to 46 in the previous year.The number of big ticket ($100 million and above) funding rounds dropped by 35 per cent to 55 as compared to 85 in the reported period. The number of funding rounds saw a drop of 30 per cent, from 2,647 last year to 1,841 this year, the report said. "The funding winter, which began in Q4 of 2021, will persist in 2023 as well. In order to survive the drought, startups are taking unit economics more seriously, which has been illustrated through the series of mass layoffs that have occurred this year," said <keyword id="520013" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="neha-singh" source="Orion">Neha Singh</keyword>, Co-Founder, Tracxn. "Although we are currently experiencing a slump, the situation is prompting startups to establish clearer and more sustainable paths to growth, as investors' evaluation metrics begin to emphasise good profitability over growth at all costs," Singh had said in a statement. The startup ecosystem's funding winter could last another 12 to 18 months and the industry may face "a lot of turmoil and volatility", Flipkart CEO <keyword id="6379357" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="kalyan-krishnamurthy" source="Orion">Kalyan Krishnamurthy</keyword> warned recently. According to <keyword id="12046361" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="shrijay-sheth" source="Orion">Shrijay Sheth</keyword>, Founder, Legalwiz.in, 2023 will continue to be the year of sustenance for most, and funders will continue to remain more cautious. "Both valuation multipliers and funding opportunities will go more conservative. Startups must build better units economics as opposed to expensive acquisitions driven growth channels. Geo-political issues, Global supply chain crisis and other macro issues are expected to prevail," he said. However, this also needs to be seen as a year where resilient, innovative and problem-solving entrepreneurs shall get an opportunity to stand out from the crowd. "As the macro environment gets tougher, we can expect some excellent business models to outshine the rest with high levels of innovation and frugality. Also, mostly the serious funding houses will prevail while we will see visitors in the VC world take a break," <keyword id="262579" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sheth" source="Orion">Sheth</keyword> noted. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/there-is-a-link-between-drinking-sugary-sodas-and-hair-loss-says-beijing-based-study/slidelist/96796018.cms">There is a link between drinking sugary sodas and hair loss, says Beijing-based study</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/chaman-metallics-first-sme-ipo-of-2023-subscribed-197x/articleshow/96795916.cms">Chaman Metallics, first SME IPO of 2023, subscribed 197x</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/60-of-blue-and-grey-collar-jobs-go-to-freshers-with-tech-skills-billion-careers-report/articleshow/96795198.cms">60% of blue and grey collar jobs go to freshers with tech skills: Billion Careers report</a>

India's startup economy stares at deepening funding winter in 2023

9 incredible facts about India's economy

Danish Siddiqui/Reuters <ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/india">India</a> has one of the largest economies in the world, and it's growing quickly.</li><li>But corruption and violence have cost the nation more than $1 trillion.</li><li>Read on for nine incredible facts about India's economy.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/india">India</a> is a thriving nation with a population <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/">estimated at around 1.37 billion people</a>, so it's little wonder that its economy is one of the largest on the planet. Currently, India has the seventh largest economy based on GDP, but it is poised to move up the list if current expansion trends there continue. This rapid expansion remains hampered by<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ronakdesai/2018/03/07/india-continues-to-be-one-of-the-most-corrupt-countries-in-the-world/#512bfba379c6"> corruption at all levels of government</a> and by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/violence-cost-indias-economy-9-of-its-gdp-last-year-2018-6">endemic violence that plagues many of India's</a> 29 states. In fact, were it not for these twin issues, India would likely already enjoy a more robust economy - economists estimate India lost out on more than $1 trillion <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/violence-cost-indias-economy-9-of-its-gdp-last-year-2018-6">because of violence</a> in 2017 alone. Troubles aside, India remains a massive global exporter, an agricultural powerhouse, and home to all <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/all-of-the-10-fastest-growing-cities-in-the-world-are-in-india-2019-1">10 of the fastest growing cities in the world</a>. Read on for nine surprising facts about India's economy.

Amazon India head’s 5 ideas to take India’s digital economy to $1 trillion

<ul><li><keyword id="1112328" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Influencers">Influencers</keyword> are helping people identify and find COVID resources that are highly scattered across cities. For this, they are leveraging their greatest strength – a vast network spread across multiple geographies.</li><li><keyword id="1876301" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kunal-Kishore-Sinha">Kunal Kishore Sinha</keyword>, Co-founder &amp; COO, <keyword id="11442033" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="clanconnect-ai">ClanConnect AI</keyword> shares how this has led to the growth of <keyword id="2540701" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Influencer-marketing">influencer marketing</keyword> in India.</li></ul>‘When Meher, a 19-year-old student from Delhi required an urgent plasma donor for her father, she took to social media. Little did she know, a popular social media influencer would share her Insta story, connecting her with 3-4 genuine leads and finally finding a donor for her father, who’s now getting better day by day.’ Amid the unprecedented and devastating second onslaught of COVID-19 in the country, the aforementioned is not an isolated incident. In fact, hundreds of social media influencers with cumulative followers going into the millions, have become resource aggregators, information providers, SOS message broadcasters, and in many cases, saviors. While the number of cases continues to skyrocket and the burden on the country’s healthcare services increases, influencers are helping people identify and find COVID resources that are highly scattered across cities. For this, they are leveraging their greatest strength – a vast network spread across multiple geographies. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="The growth of influencer marketing in the age of COVID-19" text="The growth of influencer marketing in the age of COVID-19">The growth of influencer marketing in the age of COVID-19</cmsannotation> Even before influencers became a beacon of hope amid the grim pandemic situation, influencer marketing was seeing a significant surge in the wake of the viral outbreak. Influencers had become a key part of the media mix for marketers across new and established brands. In fact, research suggested that over 50% of marketers were planning to increase influencer marketing spends in 2021. Several factors worked together to propel the influencer industry towards accelerated growth during the first and second waves of the viral outbreak. First and foremost, with a majority of individuals staying at home with the initial nationwide lockdown and current statewide curbs, screen time across all age groups, demographics, and socio-economic regions increased drastically. The time individuals spend on social media has also seen a surge and content consumption is at an all-time high. This invariably helps content creators reach a larger audience and make a wider impact with their content. Moreover, since production houses are largely shut, a majority of the content creation taking place is at the influencer level. Recognizing the impressively high quality and engagement levels of the content being created by influencers, the biggest brands of the country are also embracing the influencer marketing trend. Finally, a very intrinsic characteristic of influencers coming to the fore is empathy. Influencers are empathetic of the ongoing situation and promote brands in a way that is relatable through content that is relevant for today’s consumers. Understanding that end-users no longer relate or respond to celebrity endoresements, brands are turning to influencers who reach out to consumers as peers, allies, or trusted friends and not just promoters. As brands and influencers are both cognizant of the sensitivity of the current situation, brand outreach through influencers at this time is gentle and never pushy. Influencers are getting the message across in a way that resonates with your audience. This, combined with their consistent efforts to connect donors/helpers with those in need, is bolstering the faith that people have in influencers today. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Influencer marketing in a post-COVID world" text="Influencer marketing in a post-COVID world">Influencer marketing in a post-COVID world</cmsannotation> While this is not the first time a crisis has occurred in the world, never before has the same crisis affected the entire humankind at the same time. In this scenario, one thing is clear as day – we are all in this together and the journey to the light at the end of the tunnel will also be in solidarity. That the influencer community is at the forefront of the countrywide movement of humans helping humans during this time of crisis, is a matter of pride for the entire industry. On the other side of the pandemic, we will see brands holding on to their messages of empathy and increasingly working with influencers. In doing so, they will ensure that they are not hard selling their products but building a connection with their consumers - essentially making a promise to be there in the good times and bad, just like our influencers are, right now.

The rise of India's influencer economy during the second wave of COVID-19

<div><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/worldviews"></a></div><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>As developed economies around the world face the reality of funding a growing number of retirees,&#xa0;India is just getting to work.The average age of the country's 1.3 billion people is <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">just 28</a>&#xa0;years old. This presents a massive opportunity for economic growth as more and more young people enter the workforce.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Developed Regions comprise Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Data sourced from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015).&#xa0;A <a href="http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Government-and-Public-Sector-Reaping-Indias-demographic-dividend/%24FILE/EY-Reaping-Indias-promised-demographic-dividend-industry-in-driving-seat.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">recent report by EY</a> forecasts that India's working age population will rise to 869 million by 2020, representing 28% of the world's workforce. To put that in perspective, the entire US labor force is <a href="http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet?request_action=wh&amp;graph_name=LN_cpsbref1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">just under 160 million</a>.&#xa0;Of course, these demographic shifts have their&#xa0;challenges. Putting all of those people to work will require significant training, job creation,&#xa0;and infrastructure. And India's women, who have historically been underrepresented in the workforce, are now joining the ranks seeking employment.The government is moving in the right direction managing these shifts, and the rewards of&#xa0;getting it right are enormous.<h2>Benefits of a booming workforce</h2>As India's workforce expands, savings could&#xa0;increase, helping provide an important source of funding for investment. A growing pool of labor could also mean lower wage cost pressures for businesses.But, most important for the local economy, a growing working population could&#xa0;drive consumption and growth.These trends are already bearing fruit.&#xa0;Indian household spending rose from <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.PRVT.CD?locations=IN" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">$426 billion in 2004 to over $1.17 trillion in 2014</a>, according to World Bank data. If this growth continues alongside the booming workforce,&#xa0;domestic consumers could emerge as major drivers of the Indian economy.If you're looking to access the Indian market, consider the&#xa0;<a href="https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239659/ishares-msci-india-etf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">iShares MSCI India ETF (INDA)</a>, or broaden your search to&#xa0;<a href="https://www.ishares.com/us/strategies/international-etfs#single" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">other countries</a>.EXPLORE: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/worldviews">Research other countries in the Worldviews series</a>&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;This post is sponsored by <a href="https://www.ishares.com/us/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">iShares®&#xa0;by BlackRock®</a><a href="https://www.ishares.com/us/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"></a>.Visit <a href="https://www.ishares.com/us/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.iShares.com </a>or <a href="https://www.blackrock.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.BlackRock.com</a> to view a prospectus, which includes investment objectives, risks, fees, expenses and other information that you should read and consider carefully before investing.&#xa0;Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal.International investing involves risks, including risks related to foreign currency, limited liquidity, less government regulation and the possibility of substantial volatility due to adverse political, economic or other developments. These risks often are heightened for investments in emerging/developing markets and in concentrations of single countries.The iShares Funds are distributed by BlackRock Investments, LLC (together with its affiliates, "BlackRock").©2016 BlackRock. All rights reserved. iSHARES and BLACKROCK are registered trademarks of BlackRock. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.&#xa0;iS-19361</hr>

Here's why India's population is the envy of economies everywhere

Earlier today, we highlighted both the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-state-of-the-indian-economy-in-one-big-slide-2013-9">positive and negative macro indicators</a> in the Indian economy. 
But with economic growth at a 10-year low, it's worth taking a closer look what has gone wrong.
Below are five charts from Morgan Stanley.
First, inflation has started to tick up again. Food inflation is back at a six-year high, and onion prices have soared over 200% year-to-date.
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static2.businessinsider.com/image/52430b4d69bedd134a6cd2ce-960/screen shot 2013-09-25 at 12.11.47 pm.jpg"></a>Morgan Stanley</div></div>
Projects under implementation also fell. <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> recently created the Cabinet Committee of Infrastructure (CCI) to <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/More-steps-needed-to-avert-project-delay/articleshow/19875876.cms">avoid project delays</a> which frequently arise over land disputes and because of environmental concerns:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static6.businessinsider.com/image/52430bd8ecad042e1b7d58c2-960/screen shot 2013-09-25 at 12.13.53 pm.jpg"></a>Morgan Stanley</div></div> The current account deficit is narrowing, but continues to pose a threat to the rupee and economic growth. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/india-raises-gold-import-taxes-2013-6">Gold imports</a>, which are part of the reason India has a high current account deficit, declined in July and August. But the weakness in the rupee and oil price movements will play a crucial role in narrowing the current account deficit:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static5.businessinsider.com/image/52430f2a6bb3f77b1f6cd2e2-960/screen shot 2013-09-25 at 12.25.08 pm.jpg"></a>Morgan Stanley</div></div>
The rupee is still down nearly 13% year-to-date, against the U.S. dollar. The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/morgan-stanley-fragile-5-emerging-markets-2013-9#the-indian-rupee-3">central bank intervened</a> to support the currency:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static6.businessinsider.com/image/524314c1ecad040f2f7d58b9-960/inrusd-1.jpg"></a>Google Finance</div></div>
Short-term interest rates are expected to stay elevated for a few more months and this is likely to strain GDP growth, which climbed just 4.4% in the first quarter:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static6.businessinsider.com/image/524312f1eab8ea94446cd2ce-960/screen shot 2013-09-25 at 12.44.26 pm.jpg"></a>Morgan Stanley</div></div>
Of course there have been some improvements in the Indian economy. For instance, industrial production ticked up, corporate revenue growth has improved modestly, and auto sales are picking up.
But Morgan Stanley analysts Chetan Ahya and Upasna Chachra expect "slow growth and higher rates to stay for a while longer."

In 5 Charts, Here's Why India's Economy Is In Trouble

Mumbai, Nov 30 () Home Minister Amit Shah on Saturday expressed hope that by 2024, India would become USD 5 trillion economy and be placed among the top five global economies.
The last five years were of the detoxification of the economy and in the next five years, a series of reforms will be taken to make it one of the most powerful economies of the world, Shah said.
India is already a destination of global companies due to its huge market and FDI is at record level today, the minister said.
"In 2014, in the list of world economy, we stood at 11th with the size of economy at USD 2 trillion. And after five years, today we have moved from 11 number to 7 and have reached USD 2.9 trillion and I have full confidence that by 2024, we will achieve the target of USD 5 trillion," he said here at an event of the Economic Times.
On ease of doing business ranking, he expressed confidence that india's rank will be within top 30th before 2024.
"India was at the rank of 142 in 2014, but in the last five years we jumped to 77 and by 2024, India will be somewhere at the rank of 30," Shah said.
India is a global investment destination and industry should not lose confidence simply because of temporary growth slowdown, the minister noted.
"Indian economy and markets will emerge stronger from this because of the decisive, bold leadership that India is currently under.
"While growth has slowed down, the pace of reforms has not. Making India a USD 5 trillion economy is a shared responsibility between the government and the private sector," Shah said. RR
BAL

India to become $5 trillion economy by 2024: Shah

The <keyword id="6484188" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="sensex">Sensex</keyword> closed at an all-time high of <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sensex&amp;rlz=1C1GCEU_enIN820IN820&amp;oq=sensex&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60j0j69i61l2j0.2417j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8">39,084 points </a>yesterday, as strong expectations of a rate cut and continued liquidity support by the Reserve Bank of India along with a surge in foreign portfolio investments drove a week-long rally. By the end of this year, the Sensex would have been in operation for 33 years. The index of the 30 largest stocks on the Bombay Stock Exchange first came into being in 1986 with 1979 being set as its base year. The title itself is a combination of the words “sensitive” and “index”. These were the original companies when the Sensex was first compiled. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">ACC </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Kirloskar Cummins </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Ballarpur Industries </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Premier Automobiles </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Century Textiles </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Hindustan Motors </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Bombay Dyeing </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Mahindra &amp; Mahindra </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Reliance Industries </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Mukand Iron </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Grasim </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Bharat Forge </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Indian Rayon </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Guj. State Fertilizers </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Great Eastern Shipping </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Indian Organics </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Siemens </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Hindustan Lever </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Peico Electronics </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">GSK </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Tata Power </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Nestle </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Tata Steel </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Ceat </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Hindustan Aluminium </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Voltas </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Tata Motors </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Indian Hotels </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">Larsen &amp; Toubro </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-right:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 2.25pt;border-top:solid #000000 2.25pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#ffff00;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;">ITC </td></tr></tbody></table> These were largely industrial companies, the leaders in sectors like metals, chemicals, cement and engineering. In fact, 27 of these companies were manufacturers. There wasn’t a single technology company or bank. In July 1990, the Sensex finally reached <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/digest-this-sensex-grew-390-times-in-40-years/tracing-the-growth-timeline/slideshow/68685220.cms">1000 points</a> after starting w<keyword id="6354185" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="IT">it</keyword>h 100 points in 1979. It reached the 3000 point mark in January 1992. But how? 
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 In December 1991, financial <keyword id="150139" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="liberalisation">liberalisation</keyword> happened. The reforms ushered in by the Congress government - at the behest of the World Bank and IMF - led to a dismantling of foreign investment and trade restrictions, a deregulation of capital markets and also made the economy more service-oriented. The Sensex started the year 2000 at just over <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sensex&amp;rlz=1C1GCEU_enIN820IN820&amp;oq=sens&amp;aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i60l3j69i57j69i61.829j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8">5,400 points</a> and since then has amassed nearly 34,000 points, crossing 10000 points in February 2006 amid a boom in global commodity markets, and 20000 points in December 2007. Growth slowed down amid the <keyword id="6371665" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="financial-crisis">financial crisis</keyword> and the sluggishness of the UPA-II tenure. In fact, as a result of the global financial crisis struck, the Sensex went back to 9,328 points by the end of 2008. However, aided by monetary easing and liquidity support from central banks in developed countries, the index recovered slowly in the years since the financial crisis. It finally crossed the 25000 point mark in May 2014 after the BJP won national elections. The index crossed the 30,000 mark less than a year later and 35,000 mark in January 2018. As of today, a mere 7 stocks that were on the index at the point of its inception have remained. These are <keyword id="10926" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reliance">Reliance</keyword> Industries, ITC, HUL, Larsen &amp; Toubro, Mahindra &amp; Mahindra, <keyword id="8555" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Tata">Tata</keyword> Motors and Tata Steel. But what changed since the Sensex was first compiled? It incorporated companies from service industries like banking, telecom and IT while scrapping failing ones like Ballarpur Industries, a paper manufacturer whose product sales lagged owing to increasing digitisation, and Great Eastern Shipping. The rapid development of the information technology (IT) industry in the late 90s and early 2000s saw stocks like Infosys and TCS entering the index, replacing older companies. More significantly, banks and financial services companies make up a third of the stocks on the index - an indicator of the credit boom that has fuelled private investment and consumption by a rising middle class. As a result of liberalisation, India’s largest companies are less dependent on domestic sales and have been deriving a larger bulk of their revenues from <keyword id="35090" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="exports">exports</keyword>. While companies like Infosys benefitted from the IT outsourcing boom, automobile manufacturers like Tata Motors ventured into developed markets like the UK, <a href="https://www.tatamotors.com/press/tata-motors-completes-acquisition-of-jaguar-land-rover/">closing big acquisitions in the process. </a> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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