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<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> is scheduled to launch its Venus mission in 2025 and France will participate in it, French space agency CNES said on Wednesday. The VIRAL (Venus Infrared Atmospheric Gases Linker) instrument co-developed with the Russian federal space agency Roscosmos and the LATMOS atmospheres, environments and space observations laboratory attached to the French national scientific research centre CNRS has been selected by the ISRO after a request for proposals, it said in a statement. ISRO chairman K Sivan and CNES president Jean-Yves Le Gall held talks and reviewed the areas driving cooperation between France and India in space. "In the domain of space exploration, France will be taking part in ISRO's mission to Venus, scheduled to launch in 2025. CNES will coordinate and prepare the French contribution, the first time a French payload will be flown on an Indian exploration mission," CNES said in a statement. However, there was no comment from ISRO. After the Mars Orbiter Mission (<keyword id="1506013" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword>) and Moon missions Chandrayaan-1 and 2, ISRO has set its eyes on Venus for carrying out its inter-planetary mission. France and India share a robust collaboration in arena of the space. It is one of the three nations with whom India collaborates in the strategic sectors of nuclear, space and defence -- the other two being the US and Russia. In March 2018, the two countries also issued a 'Joint Vision for Space Cooperation'. India and France are also working on ISRO's human space mission <keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword> project, which aims to send three Indians to space by 2022. Since September 2018, CNES and ISRO have set up a working group focused on cooperation in the field of human spaceflight, the French agency said. "The two nations are pooling their expertise, notably in the domains of space medicine, astronaut health monitoring and life support. Initial exchanges have concentrated on training for India's flight physicians and technical teams and the supply of CNES flight systems," it added. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/babri-masjid-demolition-case-cbi-special-court-acquits-all-accused-judge-says-demolition-was-not-pre-planned/articleshow/78401534.cms">Babri Masjid demolition case: CBI Special Court acquits all accused, judge says ‘demolition was not pre-planned’</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/rbi-records-its-largest-ever-current-account-surplus-but-thats-not-necessarily-a-good-thing/articleshow/78403696.cms">RBI records its largest-ever current account surplus — but that’s not necessarily a good thing</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/airtel-launches-new-cybersecurity-product-with-cisco-radware-vmware-and-forcepoint-for-enterprises-it-took-100-crore-and-over-a-year-to-set-up/articleshow/78403006.cms">Airtel launches new cybersecurity product with CISCO, Radware, VMware, and Forcepoint for enterprises — it took ₹100 crore and over a year to set up</a>

ISRO to carry first-ever French payload abroad Venus mission scheduled for 2025

<ul><li><keyword id="7940647" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-mangalyaan">Mission Mangalyaan</keyword> is commended for being the cheapest ever <keyword id="452868" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mission-to-Mars">mission to Mars</keyword>, which was successful on a budget of ₹4.5 billion. </li><li>Its cost was less than the budget of the upcoming movie based on the event, <keyword id="1961443" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-mangal">Mission Mangal</keyword> which was produced for ₹5 billion. </li><li>But its limited budget meant that it was only a technology demonstration mission for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) rather than one focused on collecting scientific data. </li></ul>The upcoming Bollywood movie, Mission Mangal, set to release on August 15th celebrates India's successful maiden mission to Mars — Mangalyaan. An ensemble cast consisting of <keyword id="2823" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Akshay-Kumar">Akshay Kumar</keyword>, Vidya Balan and Sharman Joshi all star in a movie that showcases India's space mission. <div type="image" title="66816772_10156986660608283_8557114509213302784_n_edited" msid="70498336" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cast of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mission Mangal &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Mission Mangalyaan, or the Mars Orbiter Mission (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/India-Is-Pioneering-The-Low-Cost-Mission-To-Mars/articleshow/25239899.cms">MOM</a>), is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Mangalyaan-Makes-Its-Way-To-Times-Best-Inventions-of-2014-List/articleshow/45260385.cms">lauded</a> for being the cheapest ever mission to Mars which a budget of ₹4.5 billion (₹450 crore). It's also how India came to be the fourth country to land on Mars and the first one to do it successfully on its first attempt. <div type="image" title="mars1_edited" msid="70498480" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan captures its first image of Mars taken from a height of 7300 km&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Ironically Mission Mangal's <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-mission-mangal-my-film-2-0-had-a-budget-of-500-crore-india-s-mars-mission-cost-less-than-that/story-bQBoxtyvC1ewHgJXNRhYFN.html">budget</a> is more than that of the actual Mars mission at ₹5 billion (₹500 crore), according to Kumar. But unlike the movie, the story of Mangalyaan doesn't quite end happily ever after. Defying the odds Mission Mangal's trailer shows that the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had proposed a budget ₹8 billion (₹ 800 crore) to launch Mangalyaan but were only allotted a little more than half that amount for the project. <div type="image" title="mom_edited" msid="70498449" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;First image of the Earth by MCC of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft taken on Nov 19, 2013&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Innovation and jugaad (cheap quick fix solutions to problems) did help turn the mission. This is in spite of the fact that its ‘chances of success were less than 1%'. And, while Mission Mangal seems to highlight the obstacles that India had to overcome in order to launch Mangalyaan — it could fail to illustrate the fact that it came at a cost. Cost of science In the movie, the project team worries about getting the payloads aboard the rocket. In typical movie fashion, the narrative seems to be skewed towards how they finally managed to ‘fix' it. In reality, ISRO had to drastically cut down on the instruments it had planned to send to Mars because it lacked a rocket with the requisite capacity. Technology like the ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-most-powerful-launcher-will-carry-chandrayaan-2-on-moon-mission/articleshow/70202043.cms">Bahubali</a>' GSLV-Mark III heavy launch vehicle which recently launched the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> mission into space wasn't available back in 2013. Instead, India used its lighter PSLV XL launch vehicle — originally built for the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-were-the-challenges-with-chandrayaan-1/articleshow/70202192.cms">Chandrayaan 1</a> and the largest available rocket at the time — to reach Mars. <div type="image" title="pslv-c25-23 (1)_edited" msid="70498392" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan&amp;#39;s PSLV XL C25 rocket taking off in 2013&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 A smaller rocket also meant that it could only carry so much weight. Mangalyaan's payload was only 15 kilograms and it could only take five payloads along. And since ISRO only had 18 months to pull the mission together, the instruments were relatively simple, and could only send back to the most basic of information. <div type="image" title="mars06_edited" msid="70498540" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan&amp;#39;s spacecraft undergoing EMI/EMC test at ISITE ISAC Bangalore&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 To put it in perspective, US' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) had five years to work on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (<keyword id="443648" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="MAVEN">MAVEN</keyword>) — which launched a mere 13 days after MOM. It had a capacity of 65 kilograms, carried eight payloads and cost a total of $671 million. And so, its contribution towards scientific advancement and the understanding of Mars was also much higher. Mangalyaan, on the other hand, the aim was just to get there. ISRO, in the past, stated that Mangalyaan was merely a technology demonstration mission to show India's capabilities in outer space technology. In that sense, it could be termed successful, yet its contribution to understanding the elusive planet, is quite less. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">India's low cost space missions come at a price</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-commercial-operations-clock-in-over-60-billion-in-revenue-but-leaves-private-players-out-of-the-equation/articleshow/70375311.cms">ISRO's commercial operations clock in over ₹60 billion in revenue but leaves private players out of the equation</a>

The truth of ISRO's Mangalyaan which Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal could miss

The <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) turned some heads by becoming the first country to enter the into orbit around <keyword id="47638" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> on its first attempt, and now it wants to be the first to explore the dark side of the moon. Yes, you know, the same side where the Transformers found Sentinel Prime in <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1399103/">that movie</a>. And, it’s not just about going where no nation has gone before. The moon apparently has abundant supplies of a resource that not only, <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>’s energy demands, but the whole world’s - an isotope called <keyword id="6656023" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="helium-3">Helium-3</keyword>. What is helium-3? Everyone’s heard of nuclear energy. And, it’s also fairly well known that the reason that many are apprehensive about fusion reactors is because of the possible impacts of radiation. And, of course, the <a href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx">toxic waste</a>. Helium-3, on the other hand, is <a href="https://www.explainingthefuture.com/helium3.html">speculated</a> to take away these harmful effects of nuclear energy. That being said, it’s only because of its <a href="http://www.asi.org/adb/02/09/he3-intro.html">efficient energy generation</a> capabilities that its an economically viable option to even consider mining it on the moon. First off, there isn’t really a lot of it on Earth. The moon, on the other hand, has nearly a million metric tons of it according to <a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2006-07/26/content_649325.htm">reports</a>. But here’s the thing, nobody even knew that the isotope was for real until moon samples from the Apollo missions were analysed. And, just because something exists, doesn’t necessarily mean that we have the <a href="https://thewire.in/science/isro-helium3-fake-news">technology to use it</a>. Anti-climatic This isn’t the first time that there’s been a fuss over mining helium-3. Russia had plans back in 2006 to have an industrial plant up and running on the moon <a href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060203/science.htm">by 2020</a>. That clearly hasn’t happened. Even the US has expressed its aspirations to establish a base on the moon with helium-3 mining as their main prerogative. That being said, the Chinese probe Queqiao has already been launched and <a href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/963057/china-news-space-race-satellite-launch-dark-side-of-the-moon">reports</a> state that it could be the relay point between the dark side of the moon and Earth. India’s rover, as of now, is scheduled to go up with the <keyword id="53289" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</keyword> in October this year. It’s going to have a lander and an orbiter on board as well. The launch was originally scheduled for March.

After Mangalyaan, India wants to be the first to explore the dark side of the moon

<keyword id="6358064" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO">ISRO</keyword>’s <keyword id="6625456" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</keyword> (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan, is all set to enter the orbit of Mars on September 24. 
 The <keyword id="823674" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Kerala-State-Science-and-Technology-Museum">Kerala State Science and Technology Museum</keyword> (KSSTM) is planning various programmes on September 23 and 24 to mark the event. It has collaborated with <keyword id="833847" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Vigyan-Prasar">Vigyan Prasar</keyword>, an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, and the Rajya Sabha TV to telecast special programmes. 
 
“KSSTM is one of six centres which are part of this programme. Live telecasts of various events that we are planning and comments by experts and also the public will be aired from 10.30 am on September 23 to 4 pm on September 24 from the campus,’’ said KSSTM Director Arul Jerald Prakash. 
 
The Mangalyaan will enter the orbit of Mars shortly after 7 am on September 24, however, it will be difficult to spot the planet in the morning sky. 
 
ISRO had earlier said that the MOM spacecraft was in the “pink of health,” and was sending crucial information from a distance of 211 million km after having covered 95% of its journey. 
 
Here is a timeline of the Mars mission: 
· November 5, 2013: MOM launched aboard PSLV-C 25 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. 
· December 4, 2013: Exits Earth’s sphere of influence. 
· February 11, 2014: Completes 100 days. 
· April 9: Covered 50% of its journey 
· September 24: Set to enter the orbit of Mars 
 
Stay tuned for more!

Mangalyaan’s Rendezvous With Mars

<keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>'s <keyword id="6625456" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars orbiter Mission</keyword> (MOM), <keyword id="1506013" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword>, is just two days away from its much talked-about date with the <keyword id="6385434" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Red-Planet">Red Planet</keyword>. Scientists at ISRO have successfully tired-fired its main liquid engine at 2:30 pm (IST) on Monday. Soon after the test-firing of the MOM, the Indian space agency's <keyword id="6354576" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Facebook">Facebook</keyword> page said, "We had a perfect burn for four seconds as programmed. The trajectory has been corrected. MOM will now go for the nominal plan for <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> Orbit Insertion." 
 
India also became the first Asian country to reach the Martian neighbourhood earlier during the day. "Our navigators' calculations show that MOM has entered the gravitational sphere of influence of Mars around 9am," said ISRO’s Facebook page. 
 Reports suggest that on September 24, Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> is scheduled to witness the historic occasion when the ISRO’s spacecraft will be inserted into the Mars orbit around 7:30 am at a distance of 423 km from its surface and 215 million km away (radio distance) from Earth. Researchers believe that this step will certainly boost up the morale of Indian space scientists. 
 
The Mangalyaan probe, which is India’s first interplanetary mission, has a Rs 450-crore price tag. The mission was launched on November 5, 2013 to find evidence of life on the Red Planet. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Mission-Mars-ISROs-Mangalyaan-Heads-For-Final-Destination/articleshow/42791735.cms">Earlier, we had reported that the mission is simply to test the ISRO’s ability to take something all the way upto Mars and make it go around the planet.</a> 
 
If ISRO’s MOM reaches its destination successfully, India will become fourth country after the US, Russia and Europe to send a probe to Mars. 
(Image: indiatimes)

India's Voyage To Mars: ISRO's Mangalyaan Wakes Up After 300 Days Of Sleep!

Starting June 8, space scientists at <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="ISRO">ISRO</keyword>) will face a tough time for 15 days in order to communicate with <keyword id="6625456" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</keyword> (<keyword id="6356585" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mom">MOM</keyword>). Well, <keyword id="1506013" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword> isn’t going on a winter break; rather the Sun will act as a barrier between the Earth and <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>, former ISRO chief Dr K <keyword id="62601" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</keyword> told TOI at the Indian Science Congress, in Mumbai. 
 
During the blackout phase the Mars orbiter will be "in an autonomous mode," Dr Radhakrishnan added. He also asserted, "If we could regain control over the craft after that period, it would be one more major achievement." 
 
Since November 2013, the month when the orbiter was launched by ISRO from Sriharikota, this will be longest break in communication with MOM, as per a report by Times of India. 
 
In May 2016, the Earth would come between Mars and Sun and this would lead to another loss of communications for about a fortnight, the leading daily also quoted Subbiah Arunan, Mangalyaan project director, as saying. 
 
<a href="http://www.gizmodo.in/indiamodo/ISROs-Mangalyaan-Successfully-Enters-Martian-Orbit-Celebration-Time/articleshow/43350643.cms">India's mission Mars had scripted history</a> on September 24, 2014, when it successfully entered the Martian orbit in its maiden attempt. The "supersmart spacecraft" has been named among the 25 <a href="http://www.gizmodo.in/indiamodo/Mangalyaan-Makes-Its-Way-To-Times-Best-Inventions-of-2014-List/articleshow/45260202.cms">'Best Inventions of 2014'</a> listed by Time magazine. 
 
On January 2, the much-talked about ISRO orbiter had <a href="http://www.gizmodo.in/indiamodo/ISROs-Mangalyaan-Completes-100-Days-In-Martian-Orbit/articleshow/45728115.cms">successfully completed 100 days</a> around the <keyword id="6385434" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Red-Planet">Red planet</keyword>. 
(Image: Wikipedia)

ISRO To Face A Tough Time In Communicating With MOM For A Fortnight In June

<ul><li><keyword id="1961443" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-mangal">Mission Mangal</keyword> is an upcoming Bollywood movie based on India’s mission to Mars — Mangalyaan.</li><li>The film is being celebrated for having a female centric cast but that actual mission was not dominated by female scientists.</li><li>The movie’s message is also coming off a little skewed with <keyword id="2823" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Akshay-Kumar">Akshay Kumar</keyword> getting more space on the posters and the movie’s teaser highlighting makeup, sindoor and mangalsutras.</li></ul>Mission Mangal, an upcoming Bollywood movie based on India’s mission to Mars, is attempting to showcase Mangalyaan as accurately as possible — including the people who were a part of the mission. 
 <div type="image" title="66816772_10156986660608283_8557114509213302784_n_edited" msid="70553174" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cast of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mission Mangal&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 The movie starring Akshay Kumar as the lead has a predominantly female star cast including <keyword id="3844" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vidya-Balan">Vidya Balan</keyword>, Sonakshi Sinha, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari and Nithya Menon is set to release on August 15 — India's Independance Day and the the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) 50th anniversary. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/akshay-kumars-mission-mangal-could-miss-facts-about-mangalyaan/articleshow/70498232.cms">Mission Mangal</a> is poised to showcase the role that women had to play in the mission’s success. Only a cloak of feminism While it’s true that women had a lot of key contributions to Mangalyaan, the mission wasn’t as dominated by women as Mission Mangal’s trailer would have you believe. At the time of the launch, the <a href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/isro-scientists-who-made-mangalyaan-possible-all-you-need-to-know-about-them-1727791.html">control room</a> had as many as 14 senior male scientists present and only 3 female scientists. 
 <div type="image" title="isro-women-scientists-celebrate-mission-mangal" tempid="143684" msid="70553372" hostid="261"></div>

 The photo of women celebrating the Mangalyaan launch that’s recently been making the rounds is of the administrative staff, as <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38253471">clarified by ISRO</a>, and not of female scientists at the helm of the mission. Only 27% of the key executive positions in the mission to Mars were held by female scientists while Mission Mangal’s trailer only shows one senior male scientist on a team dominated by women. Some people are <a href="https://www.shethepeople.tv/blog/film-mission-mangal-poster-vidya-balan">calling out</a> Kumar for using feminism as a ploy to sell more tickets to his movies rather than actually tell the story for what it was. Mission Mangal belongs to the ladies When the movie’s poster was launched it faced some criticism for giving Kumar a bigger display and then female actors. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="janiceseq85" handlename="Janice Sequeira" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1124213290421215232/sG31bAcN_normal.jpg" favoritecount="1416" retweetcount="356" status="There are 5 leading ladies on this poster. And one Akshay Kumar. Guess whose face got the most mileage?… https://t.co/1jQeokV3Sx" createdat="1562244220000" id="1146761493544951808"></div>



 Rebuffing any misconceptions, Kumar told <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-mission-mangal-belongs-to-its-female-actors/articleshow/70288960.cms">TOI</a>, “This film belongs to these ladies and it will always belong to them.” But, soon after, the actor stirred another controversy tweeted a poem dedicated to women scientists that spoke mostly of makeup, bracelets and their hair touching the sky. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="akshaykumar" handlename="Akshay Kumar" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1085067824840822785/ychTUtB8_normal.jpg" favoritecount="20404" retweetcount="2318" status="Jitna uncha ho asmaan, yeh sindoor utni door tak jaayega! Here’s celebrating the women of India who make dreams com… https://t.co/ybh72HrIcO" createdat="1564642762000" id="1156821708667441155"></div>



 The teaser in the tweet highlights women being ‘determined’, ‘fearless’ and ‘inspiring’ but speaks of attributes that define Hindu married woman like sindoor and mangalsutra. Twitter users have pointed out that it’s all too common to see Bollywood — even Hollywood for that matter — using feminism as nothing more than a marketing tool to inadvertently serve the patriarchal interests of the film industry. But others states that the problem could lie with the audience that needs to be sold a movie that has a strong male lead because of fears that an entirely female led cast might bomb at the box office. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/akshay-kumars-mission-mangal-could-miss-facts-about-mangalyaan/articleshow/70498232.cms">The truth of ISRO's Mangalyaan which Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal could miss</a>

Mangalyaan was not as female centric as Mission Mangal would have you believe

<ul><li>India is lauded for bringing about cost-effective space exploration globally. </li><li>But, most of India’s missions, like Mangalyaan and the upcoming Gaganyaan, are technology demonstrators rather than long term voyages to collect data. </li><li>Bringing the Space Activities Bill to fruition to allow for private participation might be one way that India can plan for longer and more indulgent space missions. </li></ul>India is globally touted for its cost effective space missions. <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2, for example, is revered for being cheaper than producing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers: Endgame</a>. Mangalyaan is celebrated as the <a href="https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/23/how-india-mounted-the-worlds-cheapest-mission-to-mars/">most affordable</a> mission to Mars in the world. But there’s a catch. Cutting down on costs for space exploration means that India is able to collect less data and its missions are quick. "There are many factors. The entire cycle, the entire process of building a space mission is compromised," Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean studies at Gateway House — a think tank focussing of India’s global relations — told Business Insider India. Shorter timelines "So, we’re not investing in these missions as long duration missions. So, if you look at the European Space Agency (<a href="https://m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/How_a_mission_is_chosen">ESA</a>), for instance, classifies its space missions into three categories — the S class, the M class and the L class (small, medium and large class)," explains Giri. The National Aeronautics and Space Agency (<a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20180007026.pdf">NASA</a>) also classifies its missions from Class A to D depending on the priority of the mission, its national significance, the mission’s lifetime and how much it’s going to cost. "For instance, there are a few American missions that have been going on for over a decade. And, that takes a lot of money," Giri adds. In India, on the other hand, most of the projects have very short timelines. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/after-mangalyaan-india-wants-to-be-the-first-to-explore-the-dark-side-of-the-moon/articleshow/64793523.cms">Mangalyaan</a> was sanctioned and deployed within a span of two years. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-india-is-inching-a-step-closer-to-its-mission-of-sending-an-astronaut-into-space-by-2022/articleshow/66632355.cms">Gangayaan</a> was announced in 2018 and has plans to get astronauts off the ground by 2021. Even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-were-the-challenges-with-chandrayaan-1/articleshow/70202192.cms">Chandrayaan 1</a>, India’s mission to the moon that led to the discovery of water was announced in 2003 and launched by 2008. It was planned that the mission would operate for 2 years, but communication with the probe was lost after 10 months. MAVEN vs MOM The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">Mars Orbiter Mission</a>, or Mangalyaan, was sanctioned in 2011 and launched a mere two years later in 2013 on a budget of $74 million. NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, on the other hand, cost $671 million and launched a little later in 2013. Explaining the difference between the Mars missions, Giri states, "MOM, when it was launched, was touted as a technology demonstrator mission. We had never gone to Mars before, so the prerogative was to reach there and take those sojourn of months and do some basic science. Secondly, we went there on a PSLV rocket. PSLV can only carry a spacecraft, that’s at most, 1.5 tonnes." "And, if you look in comparison, the MAVEN was much heavier. MAVEN was laden a lot of diverse instruments and we were carrying only 5 instruments. So, we can’t really expect much science from those five instruments," Giri adds. More money more power India’s smaller budgets aren’t a matter of choice but necessity. ESA and NASA aren’t exclusively dependent on government spending — they nurture the private space industrial sector as well. In India, private participation in what is largely considered to be ISRO’s domain, is absent. And, one of the things standing in the way is the Space Activities Bill. "Space Activities Bill has not been discussed in the Parliament. The first version was tabled but it was never taken up. There needs to be some consensus within the space industrial sector in India. If there is unity among them, then things might proceed," says Giri. The government is reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-activities-bill-addresses-damage-in-outer-space/articleshow/69960212.cms">processing the bill</a> to align its liabilities in outer space with international standards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-is-spending-1-4-billion-on-a-space-trip-and-there-are-bigger-plans-involved/articleshow/65591318.cms">India is spending $1.4 billion on a space trip and there are bigger plans involved</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/union-budget-2019-isros-new-commerical-arm-is-new-space-india-limited/articleshow/70086097.cms">India forms a new space company to sell ISRO’s space technology products</a>

You Searched For "ISROs Mangalyaan" and got 8 results

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The truth of ISRO's Mangalyaan which Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal could miss

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After Mangalyaan, India wants to be the first to explore the dark side of the moon

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Mangalyaan’s Rendezvous With Mars

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India's Voyage To Mars: ISRO's Mangalyaan Wakes Up After 300 Days Of Sleep!

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ISRO To Face A Tough Time In Communicating With MOM For A Fortnight In June

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Mangalyaan was not as female centric as Mission Mangal would have you believe

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India’s low cost space missions come at a price

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