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Remember the pictures of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin locked in a good-natured embrace that had surfaced on the internet not long ago? While they might not be indicative of the leaders’ alignment in their politics, it is certainly representative of the close ties between India and Russia on multiple strategic aspects, including their respective space programs. The two nations have been mostly pally with each other since India’s post-independence — despite tensions between the US and USSR. And what is perhaps the best example of this friendship would be how the Soviet Union has contributed to the establishment and growth of India's space program. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111577453" title="Modi&amp;#39;s Russia visit shows India isn&amp;#39;t worried about making the US mad" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>India's space program, conceived in the 1960s under the visionary leadership of Dr <keyword id="20550009" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vikram-sarabhai" source="keywords">Vikram Sarabhai</keyword>, was primarily focused on utilising space technology for national development. Unlike the space programs of the United States or the Soviet Union, which were heavily influenced by military competition and the Cold War, India's space endeavours were rooted in civilian and developmental objectives. Recognising the potential of space technology, India sought international cooperation, and the Soviet Union emerged as a crucial partner. As India celebrates its first <keyword id="18542869" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="national-space-day" source="Orion">National Space Day</keyword>, we would be remiss to not acknowledge all that Russia has done for our nation in terms of space exploration. And here are seven examples of the USSR's involvement during <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword>'s early years, with multiple instances of assistance. <h2>1. Aryabhata satellite (1975) </h2>The USSR was instrumental in the launch of India's first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. While the satellite was designed and developed by Indian scientists, it was launched using a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from the Kapustin Yar launch site in Russia. This marked India's first step into space and would not have been possible without Soviet support. <h2>2. Training of ISRO scientists</h2>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, many Indian space scientists received training in Soviet institutions. This included training in areas like satellite communications, telemetry, and space mission operations. The transfer of technical knowledge was crucial for ISRO as it developed its own capacity to build and operate satellites independently. <h2>3. Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara-II satellites (1979 and 1981)</h2>The USSR launched two Indian Earth observation satellites, Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara-II, which were crucial for remote sensing applications in areas like meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology. Both satellites were launched aboard Soviet rockets, contributing to India's development of satellite-based Earth observation capabilities. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="109511778" title="US satellites could face threat from Russia and China&amp;#39;s &amp;#39;unfriendly&amp;#39; space behavior, warn defense analysts" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><h2>4. Launch of apple satellite (1981)</h2>The Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) satellite, India's first experimental communication satellite, was launched in 1981 with Soviet assistance. While the satellite was launched aboard a European Ariane rocket, the Soviet Union provided crucial technical support during its development and also supported telemetry during its early operations. <h2>5. Tracking and telemetry support</h2>The USSR provided technical and infrastructural support to India by helping set up tracking and telemetry stations in India. These facilities were essential for controlling and receiving data from Indian satellites. Soviet technical assistance helped India develop its ground infrastructure for space missions. <h2>6. Interkosmos program (1984) </h2>Under the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program, India participated in a manned spaceflight mission. Rakesh Sharma, an Indian Air Force pilot, was sent into space aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 spacecraft, making him the first Indian to travel to space. This was a landmark event for India's space program, showcasing the close collaboration between ISRO and the Soviet space agency. <h2>7. Support for PSLV development</h2>In the early 1990s, during the development of ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), the Soviet Union provided guidance and support, particularly in rocket propulsion technology. This collaboration helped ISRO overcome technical hurdles and achieve greater self-reliance in launching satellites. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era in Indo-Soviet space collaboration. However, the legacy of the USSR's contributions to ISRO continues to influence India's space program. Russia, as the successor state of the Soviet Union, maintained friendly ties with India, and space collaboration continued, albeit with a different focus and scale. India’s manned space mission project, Gaganyaan, which aims to send Indian astronauts into space, involves training astronauts in Russia, demonstrating the lasting legacy of <keyword id="22892657" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indo-Soviet-space-cooperation" source="keywords">Indo-Soviet space cooperation</keyword>. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112569406" title="ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

7 times Russia aided India's space program — in chronological order

<keyword id="20021374" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="keywords">Sriharikota</keyword>: <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> on Friday launched its third and final <keyword id="22763595" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="developmental-flight" source="keywords">developmental flight</keyword>, <keyword id="22803030" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Small-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle-D3" source="keywords">Small Satellite Launch Vehicle-D3</keyword>, carrying <keyword id="21767253" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Earth-Observation-Satellite" source="keywords">Earth Observation Satellite</keyword> EOS-08. The rocket lifted off majestically from the first launch pad at the <keyword id="20021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Satish Dhawan Space Centre" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> here, situated about 135 km east of Chennai at a pre-fixed time of 9.17 am. The objectives of the SSLV-D3-EOS-08 mission include designing and developing a microsatellite and creating payload instruments compatible with the microsatellite bus, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said. Built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, EOS-08 carries three payloads--Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R) and SiC UV Dosimeter. The EOIR payload is designed to capture images in the Mid-Wave IR (MIR) and Long-Wave IR (LWIR) bands, both during the day and night, for applications such as satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental monitoring, fire detection, volcanic activity observation and industrial and power plant disaster monitoring. The GNSS-R payload demonstrates the capability of using GNSS-R-based remote sensing for applications such as ocean surface wind analysis, soil moisture assessment, cryosphere studies over the Himalayan region, flood detection, and inland waterbody detection. The SiC UV Dosimeter monitors UV irradiance at the viewport of the Crew Module in the Gaganyaan Mission and serves as a high-dose alarm sensor for gamma radiation.

ISRO's final developmental flight lifts off from Sriharikota spaceport

The Sun has been throwing some major temper tantrums lately, its active sunspot AR13664 directing multiple intense X-class flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) towards our planet since the beginning of May. A recent <keyword id="1348421" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="geomagnetic-storm" source="Orion">geomagnetic storm</keyword>, deemed to be the strongest since 2003, struck Earth earlier this month, causing disruptions to communication and GPS systems. The Indian space agency <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword>, which had front-row seats to the debacle, was able to remain on top of these events. On high alert during the entire solar drama, the space agency’s satellites were able to dodge the worst of the storm’s impacts while its spacecraft Aditya-L1 and <keyword id="21526458" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2" source="keywords">Chandrayaan-2</keyword> managed to collect quite a bit of data on the event. Aditya-L1 is stationed at a special point between Earth and the Sun, constantly monitoring our fiery neighbour. It used its ASPEX instrument to measure the fast solar wind, hot plasma, and energetic particles released during the <keyword id="21412562" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-storm" source="keywords">solar storm</keyword>. It also used its X-ray sensors to directly see the powerful X-class flares, and its magnetometer picked up changes in the magnetic field between planets. While Aditya-L1 kept a watchful eye on the Sun, Chandrayaan-2, orbiting the Moon, provided another vantage point. The spacecraft used its X-ray monitor (XSM) to observe various aspects of the storm. It tracked X-rays from the Sun, automatically identified strong flares, and monitored the local high-energy particle environment. The data from XSM showed an increase in nearby charged particles starting around May 9, with brief dips due to the spacecraft's movement around the Moon. As for ISRO’s 30 other GEO spacecraft or <keyword id="21665619" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="earth-observation-satellites" source="keywords">Earth Observation Satellites</keyword>, no major upsets or anomalies were reported. However, the solar storm did spark an increase in atmospheric density, which led to increased orbit decay — where the orbital radius decreases due to atmospheric drag. According to ISRO, some satellites experienced decay 5-6 times higher than usual on May 11. The intense solar activity caused slight deviations in their momentum wheels, requiring adjustments. But these were just bumps on the road, and no major damage or loss of function was reported. By capturing the details of this solar storm, ISRO has gained valuable insights into the Sun's behaviour. This data will be crucial for developing better prediction models and safeguarding our infrastructure from future solar events. So, the next time the Sun throws a tantrum, we'll be even more prepared, thanks to ISRO's watchful eyes in space.

ISRO’s Aditya L1 and Chandrayaan-2 get front-row seats to the strongest solar storm in over 20 years

The <keyword id="19915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Space Research Organisation" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword>) is gearing up for a historic mission: landing a <keyword id="21695719" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rover" source="keywords">rover</keyword> and <keyword id="20334867" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="helicopter" source="keywords">helicopter</keyword> on Mars! This audacious feat, currently only achieved by the US and China, aims to solidify India's place as a major space player. The many features and objectives of the <keyword id="21695716" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mangalyaan-2" source="keywords">Mangalyaan-2</keyword> mission were presented on National Technology Day at the Space Application Centre last week. India's heaviest rocket — the <keyword id="21695717" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Launch-Vehicle-Mark-III" source="keywords">Launch Vehicle Mark-III</keyword> (LVM3) will facilitate this mission’s launch. Let’s take a look at what this illustrious mission will entail. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute" comment="subhead" text="Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute">Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute </cmsannotation>Forget airbags and ramps! ISRO's rover will arrive on Mars in style, courtesy of a sophisticated sky crane. Inspired by NASA's successful Perseverance rover landing and probably Tom Cruise’s in Mission Impossible, this ingenious system will gently lower the rover onto the Martian surface, ensuring a safe and precise touchdown even in tricky terrain. And to survive the fiery descent through the Martian atmosphere, ISRO is developing a supersonic parachute – a crucial piece of technology for this daring mission. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter" comment="subhead" text="Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter">Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter </cmsannotation>The real showstopper might be the helicopter that ISRO is designing for the mission. Indian engineers are busy crafting this rotorcraft specifically designed to fly in the thin Martian atmosphere. This high-tech marvel will carry a suite of scientific instruments, including "MarBLE" (Martian Boundary Layer Explorer), which will study the Martian atmosphere during its daring 100-metre flights. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Staying connected with a relay satellite" comment="subhead" text="Staying connected with a relay satellite">Staying connected with a <keyword id="21695718" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="relay-satellite" source="keywords">relay satellite</keyword> </cmsannotation>Maintaining steady communication with your parents while living in a different city may get challenging due to subpar mobile reception. But ISRO will be able to do so with the Mangalyaan spacecraft even while it is over 200 kilometres away from Earth! To ensure seamless communication with the wandering rover and helicopter, ISRO plans to deploy a relay satellite ahead of the mission. This crucial link will act as a bridge between Mars and Earth, guaranteeing uninterrupted data flow and mission control. With a powerful Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3) propelling the mission toward Mars, ISRO's second attempt promises to be a technological marvel. This ambitious project not only showcases India's growing space prowess but also paves the way for further exploration of our cosmic neighbour. So, stay tuned as India takes its giant leap for Martian exploration – it's sure to be a thrilling ride!

ISRO announces plans to make India the third country to reach Mars, draws inspiration from NASA’s probes

More than 27 per cent of the identified glacial lakes in the Himalayas have notably expanded since 1984 and 130 of those are in India, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said on Monday. In a statement, the space agency said long-term <keyword id="20423869" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="satellite-imagery" source="keywords">satellite imagery</keyword> covering the catchments of Indian Himalayan river basins from 1984 to 2023 indicates significant changes in glacial lakes. "Of the 2,431 lakes larger than 10 hectares identified during 2016-17, 676 glacial lakes have notably expanded since 1984," it said. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said 601 of the 676 lakes have expanded more than twice while 10 lakes have grown between 1.5 to two times and 65 lakes 1.5 times. It said 130 of the 676 lakes are situated within India, with 65, seven, and 58 located in the Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra river basins, respectively. An elevation-based analysis revealed that 314 lakes are located in the 4,000-5,000-metre range and 296 above 5,000 metres. The glacial lakes are categorised based on their formation process into four broad categories -- moraine-dammed (water dammed by moraine), ice-dammed (water dammed by ice), erosion (water dammed in depressions formed by erosion), and other glacial lakes. Among the 676 expanding lakes, the majority are moraine-dammed (307), followed by erosion (265), other (96), and ice-dammed (eight) glacial lakes. ISRO highlighted long-term changes in the Ghepang Ghat glacial lake (in the Indus basin) at an elevation of 4,068 metre in <keyword id="19905191" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="himachal-pradesh" source="keywords">Himachal Pradesh</keyword>, showing a 178 per cent increase in size from 36.49 hectares to 101.30 hectares between 1989 and 2022. The rate of increase is about 1.96 hectares per year. In October, at least 40 people were killed and 76 went missing in Sikkim after the South Lhonak Lake -- a glacial lake situated in the state's northwest at 17,000 feet -- burst due to incessant rains. The Himalayas, often referred to as the Third Pole because of the extensive glaciers and snow cover, are highly sensitive to changes in the global climate -- both in terms of their physical characteristics and their societal impacts. Research conducted worldwide has consistently shown that glaciers across the globe have been experiencing unprecedented rates of retreat and thinning due to human-caused climate change. This retreat leads to the formation of new lakes and the enlargement of existing ones in the <keyword id="20128077" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Himalayan-region" source="keywords">Himalayan region</keyword>. These bodies of water, created by the melting of glaciers, are known as glacial lakes and play a crucial role as freshwater sources for rivers in the Himalayan region. However, these also pose significant risks such as Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), which can have devastating consequences for communities downstream. GLOFs occur when glacial lakes release large volumes of meltwater due to the failure of natural dams, such as those made of moraine or ice, resulting in sudden and severe flooding downstream. These dam failures can be triggered by various factors, including avalanches of ice or rock, extreme weather events, and other environmental factors. Monitoring and studying the occurrence and expansion of glacial lakes in the Himalayan region is challenging due to inaccessible and rugged terrain. Satellite remote sensing technology proves to be an excellent tool for inventory and monitoring due to its wide coverage and revisit capability. Assessing long-term changes in glacial lakes is crucial for understanding glacier retreat rates, assessing GLOF risks, and gaining insights into climate change impacts, ISRO said.

Satellite monitoring shows large expansion in 27% identified glacial lakes in Himalayas: ISRO

After landing on the Moon's southern pole and deploying an Indian solar observatory in space, the latest endeavour by the <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) involved placing an advanced eye in the sky to closely monitor the Earth's surface and oceans. Now, the initial fruits of this ambitious venture have come to light. <keyword id="18493390" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="INSAT-3DS" source="Orion">INSAT-3DS</keyword>, a <keyword id="2829864" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="meteorological-satellite" source="Orion">meteorological satellite</keyword> pivotal for <keyword id="424037" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="weather-forecasting" source="Orion">weather forecasting</keyword>, climate monitoring and understanding atmospheric processes, has unveiled the first batch of images captured by its meteorological Imager and Sounder payloads. Launched on February 17, 2024, the satellite swiftly completed orbit-raising operations and reached its designated geostationary slot for In-Orbit Testing (IOT) by February 28, 2024. The first imaging session for the <keyword id="20926618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Meteorological-Payload" source="Orion">Meteorological Payload</keyword> IOT took place on March 7, 2024, yielding the images that have now been released. <div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="isro" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1767155560645071344"></div> Equipped with a 6-channel imager, the satellite captures images of the Earth's surface and atmosphere across various spectral channels. These channels enable the gathering of data on diverse atmospheric and surface phenomena, including clouds, aerosols, land surface temperature, vegetation health and water vapour distribution. Moreover, the imager can be tailored to capture specific features of interest. In contrast, the 19-channel sounder captures radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere, with channels carefully selected to measure radiation emitted by different atmospheric constituents and properties like water vapour, ozone, carbon dioxide and other gases. Some channels are dedicated to measuring temperature variations across different atmospheric layers. Together, these payloads can generate more than 40 geophysical data products, including sea-surface temperature, rainfall (precipitation) products, land surface temperature, atmospheric motion vectors and high-resolution winds, among others, catering to diverse user needs. INSAT-3DS Satellite represents a continuation of the Third Generation Meteorological Satellite from Geostationary Orbit. Fully funded by the <keyword id="158211" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Earth-Sciences" source="Orion">Ministry of Earth Sciences</keyword> (MoES), this mission aims to enhance meteorological observations, monitor land and ocean surfaces for weather forecasting, and provide timely disaster warnings. Its primary goals include monitoring the Earth's surface, observing the oceans, offering vertical profiles of various meteorological parameters of the atmosphere and facilitating satellite-aided search and rescue operations.

Earth through Indian eye in the sky: ISRO’s meteorological satellite INSAT-3DS unveils its first batch of images

<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword> has targeted to <keyword id="19997100" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="launch" source="keywords">launch</keyword> the first mission of the ambitious <keyword id="19945102" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Gaganyaan" source="keywords">Gaganyaan</keyword> project by December, a top official said here on Friday. Currently, some of the rocket hardware for the human <keyword id="41531" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword> programme has reached the <keyword id="20021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre" source="keywords">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> here and the integration of the crew module was going on at the <keyword id="20054184" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vikram-Sarabhai-Space-Centre" source="keywords">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</keyword>, Trivandrum, ISRO Chairman <keyword id="19929547" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="s-somanath" source="keywords">S Somanath</keyword> said. "Today, we are working on the first mission of the Gaganyaan called G1. The first unmanned mission. The status today is the rocket, the S200 stage, the L1, C32 stage are all at Satish Dhawan Space Centre," he said. He said the Crew Module integration was going on at VSSC Trivandrum while Crew Escape hardware was also ready. "So, we have to complete with full wiring and testing should be done. Our target is by November the whole system will reach here, possibly by December launch will happen," he said, responding to a query. Somanath was talking to reporters after successfully launching the third and final developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle that placed the Earth Observation Satellite into orbit earlier in the day. The success of the third and final developmental flight would pave the way for launch of commercial missions using the smallest vehicle by ISRO's commercial arm <keyword id="20038721" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NewSpace-India-Ltd" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="NewSpace India Ltd" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="NewSpace India Ltd">NewSpace India Ltd</keyword> (NSIL). Today's successful mission of <keyword id="21471593" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SSLV" source="keywords">SSLV</keyword> allows industry to forge a partnership with ISRO for placing satellites into Low Earth Orbit. Besides, it would also allow a company to gain knowledge on rockets, launch vehicles, and satellites in the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle missions. To a query about the requirement for industries to partner with the ISRO for taking up commercial launch of SSLV missions, Somanath said a day-long meeting was recently held with the industry. "I am hoping that the first technology transfer will happen in India between ISRO and industry. The Request for Interest (RFI) was released and as a single (entity) or as consortia, a company can show interest on the technology transfer (from ISRO) and what were the expectations from ISRO and how to qualify for such missions," he said. From the interactions held with the industry it emerged there was a huge amount of interest for them to learn about space, he added. "We told them it will be a huge challenge for anyone to learn rocketry from scratch. It is not just transferring technology, we are transferring the knowledge on how things are done (at ISRO). It is not the drawings alone, it is the knowledge behind those drawings we transfer to industry," according to Somanath, also the Secretary, Department of Space. Through the industry partnerships, ISRO would teach them on how to build a rocket, he said and added that the industry should qualify as per the criteria put forth by ISRO. The company should possess manufacturing capabilities, manufacturing facilities and financial strengths of a company would be assessed, he said. "We will add weightage and marks based on the performance of the company and based on that the companies will be shortlisted and a contract would be given to them after the companies which have to pay a technology transfer fee," he said. Some of the unique features of SSLVs are -- it provides low-cost access to Space, offers low turn-around time and flexibility in accommodating multiple satellites, 'launch on demand' feasibility and SSLV missions demand minimal launch infrastructure.

ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman

President Droupadi Murmu on Friday voiced concern over increasing <keyword id="20715750" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-debris" source="keywords">space debris</keyword> as a result of numerous satellites being placed in orbit and lauded <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> for setting itself a target to make future <keyword id="20018231" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-missions" source="keywords">space missions</keyword> debris free by 2030. Murmu was speaking at the celebration of the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword> celebrations to mark the first anniversary of the landing of India's Chandrayaan-3 project. "Space debris can cause problems for space missions," she said during the event at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi that was attended by Union minister Jitendra Singh, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath, engineers, ISRO scientists and representatives of the country's nascent space industry. The president appreciated the ISRO System for Safe &amp; Sustainable Operations Management facility, which ensures continuous progress of space research activities. "I am also happy to note that India is moving forward to make all its space missions debris free by 2030," Murmu said. The president presented awards to winners of the Robotics Challenge and the Bharatiya Antariksh Hackathon on the occasion. The president said ISRO had made remarkable achievements in the space sector as well as invaluable contributions to the country's social and economic development. She appreciated the dedicated scientists who placed India's space programme among the best in the world by using minimum resources. Murmu also expressed confidence that the country would make continuous progress in space science and continue to set new standards of excellence. The president said the progress of India's space sector was extraordinary. "Be it a successfully completed Mars mission with limited resources or the successful launch of more than a hundred satellites at once, we have made many impressive achievements," Murmu said. The president said space exploration had increased the capabilities of human beings and transformed imagination into reality. "But space exploration is a challenging task. Research conducted to solve the problems during space exploration accelerates the development of science and improves human life," she said. The president said many sectors, including health and medicine, transportation, security, energy, environment and information technology, had benefited from developments in the space sector. The president pointed out that with the opening of the space sector to private entities, the number of start-ups had increased at a very rapid pace. "This has not only brought progress in space research but also given new opportunities to our youth to showcase and hone their talents," Murmu said. The president said she was happy to note that just a few months ago, an Indian company successfully launched a single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine-powered rocket, the first such achievement. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/webstories/2024-tvs-jupiter-vs-honda-activa-6g-which-110cc-scooter-should-you-buy/slidelist/112730069.cms">2024 TVS Jupiter vs Honda Activa 6G – which 110cc scooter should you buy?</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/how-to-add-music-to-instagram-profile/articleshow/112732934.cms">You can now add music to your Instagram profile – here's how</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/audi-q8-facelift-launched-in-india-with-a-1-17-crore-price-tag/slidelist/112707701.cms">Audi Q8 facelift launched in India with a ₹1.17 crore price tag</a>

President Murmu voices concern over increasing space debris

President Droupadi Murmu, on Friday visited an exhibition to showcase space technologies and achievements, at Bharat Mandapam, on the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword>. Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh and <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> Chairman S Somanath were also present. <keyword id="19939985" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="President-Murmu" source="keywords">President Murmu</keyword> extended her greetings on the occasion of the first National Space Day and welcomed the decision to celebrate Space Day on the day <keyword id="19990220" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan" source="keywords">Chandrayaan</keyword> landed on the <keyword id="19899207" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon" source="keywords">Moon</keyword>. "It was a glorious moment for all the Indians when ISRO's Chandrayaan landed on the moon. I saw the live telecast of that moment, I was so proud that day like other Indians. To celebrate National Space Day on this occasion is a commendable step. I congratulate all of you on the first National Space Day. ISRO has achieved many feats since its inception". She also expressed her happiness with the student's participation in the event "Happy to see students' participation in this event." Highlighting the significance of <keyword id="19929542" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-exploration" source="keywords">space exploration</keyword>, she added "Space exploration has extended human's ability and help complete the imagination of humankind. Space exploration is exciting and challenging at the same time. Health, transportation, environment, energy, security and information technology are benefitted due to the growth in the <keyword id="20242397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-sector" source="keywords">space sector</keyword>". The president termed the growth of the ISRO as extraordinary, "The growth of <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword>'s space sector is extraordinary, be it Mangalyan mission that was accomplished through minimum resources or launching more than 100 satellites at a time. we have achieved many such feats". She also praised the introduction of private players in the space sector in the country, "Introducing of the private sector in Indian has led to the formation of many <keyword id="22829456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-start-ups" source="keywords">space start-ups</keyword> in India. This has allowed the youths of India to explore the space sector". Expressing her happiness about ISRO's plan to make <keyword id="20793131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-mission" source="keywords">space mission</keyword> debris-free she said "I am happy that India is moving towards making India's space mission debris-free by 2030". India celebrated its first-ever National Space Day on Friday on the theme "Touching Lives While Touching the Moon: India's Space Saga". On 23 August 2023, India achieved a historic milestone when the Chandrayaan-3 lander completed a soft landing on the moon. This remarkable accomplishment made India the 4th country to accomplish this feat and the 1st to land on the lunar South Pole. In recognition of this achievement, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has declared August 23 as National Space Day.

"A glorious moment for all Indians when Chandrayaan landed on moon" says President Murmu on National Space Day

Watching the <keyword id="19915128" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="keywords">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> lander complete its soft-landing on the far side of the Moon was undoubtedly one of the most proud moments for all Indians in 2023. And yet, we tend to forget that this was an achievement that was somehow completed with a budget less than that of some Bollywood movies. Thanks to monumental achievements such as Chandrayaan and Aditya-L1, in addition to increased government support and a surge in private sector involvement, India’s <keyword id="20242397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-sector" source="keywords">space sector</keyword> has been rapidly evolving. However, a defining theme of all the past successful missions in the space sector for <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> has been its ability to achieve them in the most economical way possible, often at one-tenth of the cost compared to its western counterparts. Now, as more funds flow in from both public and private routes, India’s space sector is at the precipice of a unmatched growth phase. With another hike in the pipeline for the space sector, the <keyword id="19955368" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Budget-2024" source="keywords">Budget 2024</keyword> is poised to further boost India’s position in the <keyword id="22469635" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-space-race" source="keywords">global space race</keyword> by enhancing funding, providing incentives, and fostering international collaborations. <h2>How does India’s space budget compare to other countries?</h2>As per the interim budget announcement, India’s space budget for 2024-25 will stand at around Rs 13,042.75 crores, a 4% increase from the previous year’s Rs 12,545 crore. To truly contextualise this, let’s compare it with other leading space-faring nations. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111827903" title="Union Budget 2024 for Railways: Expectations focused on improving passenger safety, experience, infrastructure" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The USA, through <keyword id="19935155" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASA" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="NASA" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="NASA">NASA</keyword>, allocated about Rs 2,12,000 crores ($25.4 billion) in 2023, focusing on the Artemis program, <keyword id="20999262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-exploration" source="keywords">Mars exploration</keyword>, and advanced satellite technologies, as per the The Planetary Society. China’s space program received approximately Rs 1,18,000 crores ($11 billion), supporting lunar missions, Mars exploration, and building its own space station, as per media reports. Meanwhile, The European Space Agency (ESA) had a budget of around Rs 63,700 crores ($7.6 billion) last year to fund a range of scientific missions, Earth observation, and international collaborations. While India's budget remains categorically minuscule in comparison, it prioritises cost-effective missions and innovative technologies, often achieving impressive results with fewer resources. However, many are concerned how this financial constraint could affect infrastructure development, cause delays in critical projects like <keyword id="6797456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gaganyaan" source="Orion">Gaganyaan</keyword>, and restrict the private sector's growth and innovation. Furthermore, it may also limit India's influence in global space governance and international collaborations, at a time when most countries seem to be set on a race to transform themselves into a space-faring society. <h2>Upcoming missions and international collaborations</h2>While space spending can be useful for many quality of life aspects — such as agriculture and climate preparedness — it is often the major space missions that steal the spotlight. Key projects in the 2024 budget include the Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts into space. Additionally, the Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (<keyword id="20475168" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mangalyaan" source="keywords">Mangalyaan</keyword> 2) is slated for a 2024 launch, which — if successful — could mark a significant step in India's interplanetary exploration prowess. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111689743" title="Union Budget 2024: A handy FAQ guide to decode the upcoming budget" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>International collaborations are also a significant cornerstone of India’s space strategy. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, scheduled for 2024, exemplifies such partnerships. This mission will provide critical data for understanding Earth’s changing ecosystems, ice mass, and natural hazards. International collaborations are crucial because they help a great deal with enhancing technical expertise and shared resources. As such, joint ventures like NISAR and partnerships with other space agencies help India stay competitive globally. Another significant collaboration is with the United States, where an Indian astronaut will be sent to the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of 2024. <h2>Indian leadership in space tech</h2>The budget may be low, but India’s space spirit is certainly not weak. Despite limited resources, India has demonstrated strengths in many aspects of space technologies. For instance, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is known for its reliable and cost-effective launch vehicles, like the PSLV and GSLV, which have successfully placed numerous satellites into orbit. In a tremendous feat, the PSLV-C37 successfully launched 104 satellites in a single flight in September 2023! <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111688482" title="Budget A-Z, for the GenZ: A fun and handy guide for major terms around upcoming Union Budget" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>India also excels in manufacturing satellites for communication, weather monitoring, and Earth observation. The upcoming deployment of 50 AI-powered GEOINT satellites will enhance national security and surveillance. With the right investments, India could lead globally in low-cost space missions and innovative satellite technologies. <h2>Long-term visions for India’s space program</h2>The long-term vision for India's space program, as outlined in the Budget, includes establishing a dedicated space station by 2035 and increasing the country’s share in the global space economy. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111807009" title="Despite pandemic and growing health scares, India’s budget share for healthcare continues to decline" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The Indian government aims to capture nearly 10% of the global space market by 2030, up from its current 2-3% share. This ambition aligns with broader geopolitical and economic goals, positioning India as a key player in space exploration and satellite services. Budget 2024 will be crucial for strengthening India’s position in the global space race. As the country gears up for upcoming missions and technological advancements, the global space community will be closely watching India's progress.

Budget 2024: How will budget affect India’s position in the global space race?

Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword>, is getting ready for its launch soon, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said on Monday. The satellite, realised at U R Rao Satellite Centre here, has arrived at the ISRO's spaceport in <keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said in an update on the mission. "Mostly September first week," an ISRO official told PTI when asked about the date of the launch. The spacecraft is expected to be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has a major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/eclipses, ISRO noted. "This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time," it said. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads would carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. "The suits of <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="Aditya-L1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> payloads are expected to provide most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields etc.," ISRO said. The major science objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission are: study of solar upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics; study of chromospheric and coronal heating, physics of the partially ionised plasma, initiation of the coronal mass ejections, and flares; observe the in-situ particle and plasma environment providing data for the study of particle dynamics from the Sun; physics of solar corona and its heating mechanism; diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loops plasma: temperature, velocity and density; development, dynamics and origin of coronal mass ejections; identify the sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers (chromosphere, base and extended corona) which eventually leads to solar eruptive events; magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona; drivers for space weather (origin, composition and dynamics of solar wind). The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona, while the in-situ instruments will observe the local environment at L1.

ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

<ul><li>The iPhone 15 Pro and 15 Pro Max come with <keyword id="3341273" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="navic" source="Orion">NavIC</keyword> integration with the new Apple A17 Pro chipset.</li><li>NavIC is a stand-alone <keyword id="557990" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="satellite-navigation-system" source="Orion">satellite navigation system</keyword> developed by <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>.</li><li>The government is now considering making NavIC mandatory for smartphones and other devices.</li></ul>Navigation with Indian Constellation, also known as NavIC, is a stand-alone satellite navigation system, which is similar to <keyword id="6362652" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gps" source="Orion">GPS</keyword>. The Indian government is now considering making it mandatory for smartphones launched in the country. This comes soon after the recently launched <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/iphone-15-pro-pro-max-can-record-3d-videos-that-can-be-viewed-on-vision-pro-in-a-magical-way/articleshow/103616220.cms">iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max</a> were integrated with NavIC, thanks to the new Apple A17 Pro chipset. This is the first time the iPhone maker has extended support for NavIC to its iPhone models. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What is NavIC" comment="subhead" text="What is NavIC">What is NavIC</cmsannotation> NavIC has been developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is a constellation of seven satellites and a network of ground stations operating round the clock. Three satellites of the constellation are placed in geostationary orbit and four satellites are placed in inclined geosynchronous orbit. NavIC’s coverage currently includes India and around 1,500 km beyond India’s boundaries. NavIC signals are interoperable with the other global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals namely GPS, Glonass, Galileo and BeiDou. The Glonass system has been developed by Russia, Galileo by the European Union and BeiDou by China. Calling the inclusion of NavIC on iPhones a significant achievement for the country, the government is considering making it a standard practice that all devices using GPS technology should have NavIC-powered chipsets inside, Minister of State for Electronics and IT, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, said on Thursday. "We're planning to make it a standard practice that all devices using GPS technology should have NAVIC-powered chipsets or NAVIC chips inside. When you look at the IT PLI scheme this time, it includes incentives for system designers and manufacturers who incorporate Indian-designed chips into their products," said Chandrasekhar. Interestingly, smartphones powered by chipsets from Qualcomm and MediaTek have supported NavIC for a long time, going back to 2020. Few devices from Android smartphone makers also support NavIC. India, in its 2021 satellite navigation draft policy highlighted the importance of NavIC and its plans to promote the technology. The government also mentioned that it will work towards “expanding the coverage from regional to global”. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Significance of NavIC for India" comment="subhead" text="Significance of NavIC for India">Significance of NavIC for India</cmsannotation> The most important driver behind India developing NavIC was to reduce dependency on GPS and other global navigation systems which are controlled by other countries. For those unaware, the United States which owns and controls GPS prevented India from using the technology during the Kargil war in 1999, making it difficult for India to identify the positions taken by Pakistani troops. In addition to this, NavIC uses dual bands to offer improved accuracy and positioning. As per ISRO, NavIC is expected to offer a positional accuracy of 5 metres, compared to 20 to 30 metres offered by GPS. With inputs from IANS. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/honor-90-mobile-review-smart-design-and-display-at-a-premium/articleshow/103668340.cms">Honor 90 Review – Smart design with sharp display at a premium</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/one-cable-to-charge-them-all-what-apples-jump-to-usb-c-means-for-customers/articleshow/103629666.cms">One cable to charge them all – What Apple’s jump to USB-C means for customers</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/iphone-15-pro-pro-max-can-record-3d-videos-that-can-be-viewed-on-vision-pro-in-a-magical-way/articleshow/103616220.cms">iPhone 15 Pro, Pro Max can record 3D videos that can be viewed on Vision Pro in a ‘magical way’</a>

Explained: What is NavIC, developed by ISRO, that the government wants to make mandatory for smartphones

Before we knew the astronomical phenomenon that eclipses were, most cultures had their own explanations for them. In a weird twist of fate, however, these stories often ended up as a celestial buffet for some mythical creature or another — leading to these cultures considering the event as a bad omen. For instance, the Sun is eaten by a demon in Hinduism, a dragon in ancient Chinese cultures, and a wolf according to Norse mythology. Now, imagine telling all these anxiety-struck people that we were planning to artificially induce an eclipse. The European <keyword id="41531" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">Space</keyword> Agency (<keyword id="191401" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="esa" source="Orion">ESA</keyword>) is set to embark on an unprecedented mission this autumn: the launch of Proba-3, the world's first man-made eclipse machine. This revolutionary project involves two satellites working in tandem to create a prolonged, man-made <keyword id="6699518" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-eclipse" source="Orion">solar eclipse</keyword> in space, a feat that has never been achieved before. Proba-3 is composed of two satellites that will fly in close formation, maintaining a precise distance of 144 metres apart. This alignment will allow one satellite to cast a shadow onto the other, effectively creating an <keyword id="22055746" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="artificial-solar-eclipse" source="Orion">artificial solar eclipse</keyword> for the other satellite. However, if you were expecting a massive difference on Earth, it is unlikely we'll see the eclipse we're used to. The reason this mission is so crucial is because the Sun is somewhat of a massive attention-seeker. The star’s brilliant beams are so all-encompassing that they wash out everything in their path, making it hard to discern specific waves of radiation. Imagine how difficult it would be to spot a firefly while a massive forest fire burns behind it. Proba-3’s primary scientific goal is to study the Sun's corona, the faint outer atmosphere usually obscured by the Sun's intense light. By blocking out the Sun's bright face, Proba-3 will provide a rare and sustained view of the corona. Interestingly enough, the mission will be launched using the PSLV-XL rocket, operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>). Formation flying requires an extraordinary level of precision, akin to maintaining the configuration of a 'large rigid structure' in space. This is achieved through a sophisticated blend of guidance and navigation technologies. Proba-3 will demonstrate these capabilities by conducting rendezvous experiments and maintaining its formation for up to six hours at a time. The primary instrument aboard Proba-3 is an external coronagraph, designed to study the Sun's corona closer to the solar rim than ever before. By providing a clear and extended view of this region, scientists hope to gain insights into solar phenomena such as coronal mass ejections and solar winds, which have significant impacts on space weather and, consequently, on Earth's technological infrastructure According to the ESA, both <keyword id="6375764" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="spacecraft" source="Orion">spacecraft</keyword> will orbit the Earth every 19.7 hours, at a maximum height of 60,530 kilometres. The coronagraph spacecraft will weigh 340 kg, while the one casting the shadow will weigh 200 kg. The mission antenna will be stationed on the Santa Maria island in Portugal, with a ground station in Redu, Belgium.

You Searched For "ISRO Satellites" and got 13 results

7 times Russia aided India's space program — in chronological order

Ashmita Gupta

ISRO's final developmental flight lifts off from Sriharikota spaceport

PTI

ISRO’s Aditya L1 and Chandrayaan-2 get front-row seats to the strongest solar storm in over 20 years

Ashmita Gupta

ISRO announces plans to make India the third country to reach Mars, draws inspiration from NASA’s probes

Ashmita Gupta

Satellite monitoring shows large expansion in 27% identified glacial lakes in Himalayas: ISRO

PTI

Earth through Indian eye in the sky: ISRO’s meteorological satellite INSAT-3DS unveils its first batch of images

Kunal Kambli

ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman

PTI

President Murmu voices concern over increasing space debris

PTI

"A glorious moment for all Indians when Chandrayaan landed on moon" says President Murmu on National Space Day

ANI

Budget 2024: How will budget affect India’s position in the global space race?

Ankush Banerjee

ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

PTI

Explained: What is NavIC, developed by ISRO, that the government wants to make mandatory for smartphones

Sourabh Jain

ESA, ISRO to soon launch Proba-3, which will create the world’s first man-made solar eclipse

Ankush Banerjee

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