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<p><div class="image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/author/robert-johnson">Robert Johnson </a></p></div></div></div>The circumstances by which <keyword id="118728" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="hawaii">Hawaii</keyword> was annexed by the U.S. are so sketchy that Congress felt obliged to issue an apology in 1993.</p>
<p>It all started 100 years earlier when a group of mostly American businessmen led a paramilitary coup to overthrow Queen Lili?uokalani. They were passively supported by U.S. Marines who were deployed "to protect American lives and property."</p>
<p>The coup resulted in a new Hawaiian government under the presidency of Sanford Dole, whose cousin would soon start the Hawaiian Pineapple Company, which became Dole Foods.</p>
<p>Although then-U.S. president Grover Cleveland criticized the events in Hawaii, which he had not authorized, his successor, William McKinley, had no problem annexing Hawaii in 1898.</p>
<p>With a history like this, it is not surprising that a <keyword id="2000639" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Hawaiian-Sovereignty-Movement">Hawaiian sovereignty movement</keyword> remains committed to reclaiming rights and land for native Hawaiians. While several contenders claim rights to the crown, <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Dayne Gonsalves of <keyword id="2000640" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="The-Polynesian-Kingdom-of-Atooi">The Polynesian Kingdom of Atooi</keyword> </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">has taken the movement to regain his peoples' rights and land in Hawaii to a whole new level.</span></p>
<p>Business Insider spent more than a week in Hawaii with Gonsalves, also known as Ali`i Nui Aleka Aipoalani. He guided us through his kingdom on two island, explained what his plans were, and how he plans to fight Washington.</p>

King Dayne Gonsalves Has A Strong Case For Why Hawaii Belongs To The Hawaiians

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Protests over state-mandated social distancing and business closures weren't started by extremist groups — but white supremacists and those with similar ideologies have seized upon them across the US.</li><li><strong>According to experts who study extremist groups, anti-lockdown demonstrations fit perfectly into the ideology of white supremacists and other far-right groups, such as sovereignty, rejecting the legitimacy of government, and anti-immigration sentiment.</strong></li><li>"The anti-lockdown protests are a magnet because they represent so many different things that dovetail so nicely with the pre-existing trends of right-wing and white supremacist extremism," Dr. Peter Simi told Business Insider.</li><li>One protest organizer, Michigan United for Liberty, told Business Insider it did not "agree with violent or hateful remarks or threatening rhetoric" expressed at rallies while noting that they "cannot control what people bring, do, or say."</li></ul><p>At the beginning of May, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3">states across the country began to relax stay-at-home orders</a> that closed non-essential businesses and ordered residents to practice social distancing. But while <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-united-behind-coronavirus-stay-at-home-orders-polling-shows-2020-4">the majority of Americans supported the continuation of social distancing</a> measures meant to prevent spikes in <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> cases that would overwhelm local medical systems, including lockdown and stay-at-home orders, state leaders across the country faced mounting pressure from protesters <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pro-trump-protesters-push-back-on-stay-at-home-orders-2020-4">to reopen</a> — even if doing so <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-models-early-lockdown-lifts-deaths-georgia-2020-4">didn't coincide with the advice of health experts</a>.</p><p>Texas, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-texas-lockdown-protesters-anti-vaxxers-chant-fire-fauci-2020-4">which saw anti-lockdown protests at its state capitol throughout April</a>, began to relax its stay-at-home at the beginning of May, and since then, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/texas-governor-greg-abbott-lifts-coronavirus-restrictions-new-cases-2020-5">infections have spiked as nail salons, restaurants, movie theaters, and even gyms reopened</a> to the public. On Saturday, state officials reported 1,801 new cases of COVID-19 — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/texas-highest-single-day-increase-after-relaxing-stay-at-home-2020-5">the highest the state had so far seen in a single day</a>. </p><p>Republican Gov. Greg Abbott attributed the increase in testing in the state — particularly in hardest-hit areas like meatpacking plants — and continued to push ahead with Texas' plan to reopen.  As of Wednesday, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/all-50-states-partially-reopen-after-coronavirus-lockdowns-2020-5">all 50 states have at least partially reopened.</a></p><p>Far-right groups, including some with white supremacist ties, have flocked to these protests around the US arguing against the state orders meant to curb the spread of COVID-19. </p><p>In April, protesters Michigan carried signs that compared Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, a Democrat, to Hitler, flashed Trump 2020 signs, and even waved Confederate flags — a symbol of modern-day white supremacists. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/michigan-lockdown-protesters-brought-rifles-into-the-state-capitol-2020-4">Some of the protesters were armed</a>. On April 30, armed protesters marched into the state capitol while the legislature was meeting.</p><p><div type="image" title="michigan protest" height="2667" width="3556" msid="75854248" hostid="261"></div></p><p>"The majority of the protesters were white," Michigan State Rep. Sarah Anthony Anthony told Michigan newspaper <a href="https://www.lansingcitypulse.com/stories/armed-citizens-escort-lawmaker-into-michigan-state-capitol,14339">City Pulse</a>. "I'm still not exactly sure about the connection between confederate flags and Nazi symbolism. They just had no connection to the stay-at-home orders. The fact they were carrying guns openly while we voted was unnerving."</p><p>Michigan United for Liberty, which has organized protests in the sate, told Business Insider it did not "agree with violent or hateful remarks or threatening rhetoric" and believed the "majority of our members would agree with us on this matter."</p><p>"While we respect everyone's constitutional rights to bear arms and we know Michigan is an open carry state, we do ask those who wish to carry to do so in a respectful and lawful manner," a spokesperson for the organization said. "We cannot control what people bring, do, or say, but we have made several statements in regards to keeping our events peaceful."</p><p>On May 1, a woman at a "Re-Open Illinois" demonstration held a sign that read, "Arbeit Macht Frei, JB," targeting Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker, who is of Jewish descent. </p><p>The phrase, which is German and means "work sets you free," is famous for being placed above the gates of Auschwitz —  <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/auschwitz-photos-nazi-camp-history-liberation-anniversary-2020-1?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">the largest Nazi extermination camp during the Holocaust</a>, as Business Insider previously reported. A group that has organized protests to reopen Illinois did not immediately return a request for comment.</p><p>As <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/01/anti-stay-home-protests/">the Washington Post</a> noted on May 1, protests across the US, which have been backed by "conservative megadonors," have had ties to a range of unlikely causes: the anti-vaccination movement, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/proud-boys-extremist-group-fbi-2018-11">the Proud Boys</a>, anti-government conspiracy theorists called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-qanon-crack-down-fringe-conspiracy-pages-groups-2020-5">QAnon</a>, and a group that advocates for a second civil war called the Boogaloo Boys.</p><h2>Anti-lockdown protests are a "magnet" for white supremacist and far-right agenda, according to experts</h2><p><div type="image" title="new hampshire protest" height="3291" width="4388" msid="75854251" hostid="261"></div></p><p>Dr. Peter Simi, a professor of sociology at Chapman University who studies political extremist groups, told Business Insider that joining these protests is a logical step for extremists, even if their concerns about the economy play a backseat to their true intentions.</p><p>"They're looking for ways to latch on to any kind of mainstream elements that can help further their narratives about racism, xenophobia, and immigration," Simi said.</p><p>"COVID-19 and the crisis surrounding it is custom-built for far-right extremist ideology and white supremacist ideology in particular," he continued. "The anti-lockdown protests are a magnet because they represent so many different things that dovetail so nicely with the pre-existing trends of right-wing and white supremacist extremism." </p><p>Simi said white supremacists and members of far-right organizations typically find the government to be "intrusive" and depriving them of liberty and their sovereignty. </p><p>"These are long tropes within right-wing extremists that have been around for a long long time," he said. Thus state leaders' decisions to close non-essential businesses and order residents to stay at home laid bare an opportunity for these groups to "further their narrative about excessive government, about government overreach, and about the government being completely corrupt and illegitimate," Simi said. </p><p>Cassie Miller, a senior research analyst at the Southern Poverty Law Center who conducts research on radical groups, also said far-right extremists and those with white supremacist ideology have found a home with these lockdown protests.</p><p>"It's not the first time," she said of radical groups latching on to more mainstream <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> and causes. "When there are uprisings of political frustration on the right it's something that extremists are always paying attention to and trying to harness their own ends." </p><p>Miller said white supremacists and far-right groups similarly co-opted movements related to the Tea Party around the time of the 2008 economic recession and more recently after the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charleston-church-shooter-roof-stopped-at-another-black-church-after-initial-shooting-2017-2">2015 shooting at a church in Charleston, South Carolina that left nine Black churchgoers dead.</a></p><p>"Riots broke out all over the country where people were arguing that the confederate flag should stay up at statehouses and other public places," Miller said. "There were hundreds of these rallies, and the extremists were there on the ground with them because they felt these were people who were kind of primed to accept their perspective."</p><p><div type="image" title="ohio protest" height="4480" width="5973" msid="75854264" hostid="261"></div></p><p>She added: "I think this is a similar thing — they're seeing this outbreak of frustration and they want to harness it for their own ends."</p><p>And there is cause for frustration — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-weekly-jobless-claims-unemployment-filings-recession-labor-market-coronavirus-2020-5">more than 36 million people have applied for unemployment benefits</a> over the past eight weeks — an all-time high. And <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-workers-afraid-to-work-will-go-without-pay-2020-5">those who can work amid the ongoing pandemic</a> are fearful they're risking their health.</p><p>"I'm sure there are some [protesters] who sincerely fear for their livelihood and are essentially mobilizing to open up the economy," Simi told Business Insider. "As far as the extremists — that element is really the side issue," he argued.</p><p>"Their concern is really much more about mobilization, getting their message out, expanding their narrative, and using crisis situations to spread fear and to spread anxiety." </p><p>Miller pointed toward the Boogaloo Boys — known both for their Hawaiian shirts and belief of an impending civil war known as the Boogaloo — who have appeared at anti-stay-at-home protests. While not all of those who believe in the Boogaloo identify as white supremacists, some "<a href="https://www.adl.org/blog/the-boogaloo-extremists-new-slang-term-for-a-coming-civil-war">conceive of the boogaloo as a race war or a white revolution," according to the Anti-Defamation League. </a></p><p>According to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/05/13/us/ap-us-virus-outbreak-boogaloo.html">the Associated Press</a>, armed demonstrators in April passed out fliers that read "Liberty or Boogaloo" at an anti-lockdown protest at the New Hampshire State House. A leader of the Three Percenters militia movement at a Washington state protest encouraged protesters to wear Hawaiian shirts, the group's de facto uniform.</p><p>On May 9, police in a Raleigh, North Carolina investigated a confrontation between a couple and an armed protester at a rally that had been publicized on Facebook by a group called "Blue Igloo" — a derivation of "Boogaloo," according to the report.</p><h2>White supremacists and other radicals feel emboldened by local and national leadership</h2><p>Simi said rhetoric from the top has further emboldened white nationalists looking to foster negative sentiment toward non-white people and immigrants.</p><p>President Trump and Republicans have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-blames-china-covid-19-but-mimics-its-authoritarian-behavior-2020-5">blamed the spread of the virus, which is believed to have originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan toward the end of 2019, on the Chinese government</a> — often calling the virus the "Chinese virus" even though that moniker is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/virus-from-china-exposes-racism-in-america-coronavirus-us-2020-3">largely considered racist</a>. </p><p>"The idea is that viruses are somehow connected to immigrants and foreigners," Simi said. "That becomes a key element for them to try to latch on to. When you have the president and other political leaders kind of espousing these ideas it makes it that much easier to spread their rhetoric as well."</p><p>In April, amid ongoing protests over lockdown measures, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-liberate-tweets-are-hailed-by-far-right-extremists-nbc-2020-4">president in a tweet called to " LIBERATE" states — Virginia, Michigan, and Minnesota</a>. In May, Trump tweeted that the armed protesters in Michigan were <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-protestors-with-guns-in-michigan-capitol-are-very-good-people-2020-5">"very good people" and urged the state's governor to "make a deal</a>" with them.</p><p><div type="image" title="Q anon protest" height="5774" width="7699" msid="75854276" hostid="261"></div></p><p>"Liberation is a very evocative and important term from [the far-right] perspective," Simi said. "They see themselves as a liberation movement that's all about liberty and justice they're being denied and being victimized. President Trump has consistently since his candidacy spoken the language of far-right extremists and white supremacy in particular."</p><p>He added that extremists groups are using familiar tactics in their fight against lockdown orders — such as de-legitimizing science and the news media.</p><p>"They are the groups that already spreading conspiracy theories, spreading disinformation, and spreading misinformation," Miller said, echoing Simi's remarks. "They already fit into that ecosystem quite well."</p>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-white-supremacists-have-protested-lockdown-orders-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

Why anti-lockdown protests are a 'magnet' for white supremacists and far-right extremists

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Sylvain Lefevre/Getty</span></p><p class="caption">Emmanuel Macron in April 2017.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>New Caledonians have roundly rejected a proposal to detach itself from France, with 56% voting against independence this weekend, and 44% voting in the affirmative.</strong></li><li><strong>The results were closer than expected, and with two more referendums lined up for 2020 and 2022, the nickel-rich Pacific possession may yet slip through President Emmanuel Macron's fingers.</strong></li><li><strong>New Caledonia has been part of France since 1853, a tortuous colonial history has slowly improved post-war, with the island enjoying some of the highest living standards of all Pacific nations, despite considerable inequality.</strong></li></ul><p>It was far from the 'Absolument Non' that many French loyalists had hoped for, but following Sunday's historic independence referendum in New Caledonia, the archipelago will remain a French posession for at least a couple more years.</p><p>Provisional results, released by French officials on Sunday night, had the count in favor of staying with the republic, with 78,400 people voting "no" to independence, while 60,600 voted "yes," to independence, representing a tighter-than-expected margin of 56.4% to 43.6%.</p><p>Delighted to claim victory and with a scarcely hidden relief, French President <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/tag/emmanuel-macron/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced the results in a nationally televised address from the Élysée Palace.</p><p>The referendum, the latest step in a rocky road of French decolonization, is the first independence vote to be held in French territories jealously guarded by Paris since <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/r-no-vote-well-ahead-in-new-caledonia-independence-referendum-2018-11/?r=AU&amp;IR=T">Djibouti voted "yes" for independence in 1977.</a></p><p>The landmark<a href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181103-new-caledonia-polls-open-independence-referendum-vote-french-territory-france" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vote</a> had been a pledge made by the French government almost 20 years ago in an effort to strike an accord and halt a violent separatist campaign run by supporters of the indigenous Kanak people.</p><p>The referendum literally put France to the vote in its far-flung remaining Pacific territory, which is heavily dependent on French state subsidies, yet where many are divided or conflicted, regarding a republic that is seen to have often forgotten many of its historic obligations.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes</span></p><p class="caption">French President Emmanuel Macron reacts after a meeting and family photo with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Evaluation Commission at the Elysee Place in Paris, France May 16, 2017.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Macron's " immense fierté"</h2><p>"Nouvelle-Calédonie" is known in Paris as a "special collectivity" of France, and this, the third-largest in the Pacific Ocean after Papua New Guinea and New Zealand, sits some 1,200 kilometers (750 miles) east of Australia and 20,000 kilometers (12,427 miles) from the French capital.</p><p>New Caledonia is home to as much as a quarter of the world's known nickel supply and is a strategic foothold for France in a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com.au/china-took-over-abc-australia-radio-presence-in-the-pacific-2018-6">Pacific region</a> coming under intense strategic focus.</p><p>Macron spoke of his "immense fierté" or "immense pride" that the Pacific archipelago, just a few hours' flight from Auckland and with an eclectic population, dominated by indigenous Kanaks and European populations, voted to remain part of the French Republic.</p><p>"The majority of Caledonians have chosen France: it's a sign of confidence in the French Republic, in its future and its values," Macron said.</p><p>New Caledonia's economy is underpinned by French annual subsidies around $1.5 billion, and while it has secured a notable degree of autonomy, it still relies heavily on Paris for investment, defense, and education.</p><p>Its location also has immense strategic import, providing Paris with a toehold in the Indo-Pacific region where an ever-assertive Beijing is seeking to expand its own interests.</p><p><em><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-soft-power-in-australia-examples-taiwan-trade-deal-2018-10">Australia's former foreign minister let slip how casually easy it is for China to tell another country what to do</a></em></p><p>On the final count, the little Pacific archipelego, with a standard of living some ten times higher than its independent neighbor Vanuatu, in a clear majority rejected the basic proposition that the islands of <a href="https://www.newcaledonia.travel/au/islands" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New Caledonia</a> become independent.</p><p>The fact that the result went down to the wire all but guarantees a sometimes-toxic and sometimes-tepid national debate over sovereignty will continue to dominate political life in this Pacific territory, for the foreseeable future.</p><p>Some pro-French politicians have spent the lead-up talking of a looming landslide victory, even predicting independence would be rejected by a count as high as <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=new%20caledonia&amp;src=tyah">7 to 3.</a></p><p>That did not happen, providing encouragement to the yes-vote and suggesting this political goose is far from "bien cuit."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Mathurin Derel</span></p><p class="caption">Polling station officials count the votes as part of the independence referendum in Noumea, the New Caledonia's capital, Sunday, Nov. 4, 2018.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Not so black and white</h2><p>Of the 174,150 Caledonians registered to vote, fewer than half are Kanak. But with a troubled and complex history, the question of independence and a severing of ties with the French Republic is not as simply black-and-white as some post-colonial observers have tried to characterize.</p><p>While the name "Kanak" follows from the Hawaiian "kanake," or "true" (person), and was in fact used broadly by early European colonists in the Pacific, the last 30 years of debate in New Caledonia has also seen the emergence of pro-republican Kanaks who support the French settlers, known as "Caldoche" - though they prefer to be called "Caledonians."</p><p>Into this mix are thrown citizens of French Polynesia, Wallis, Chinese, Japanese, and Algerian backgrounds all spread across the archipelego from Noumea to the Isle of Pines, all eligible to vote.</p><p>Noumea is also the financial capital, with a strong tourism and resources-based economy.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/David Guttenfelder</span></p><p class="caption">French foreign legionnaire arrive in Darwin, Australia, from New Caledonia and Paris as some 164 French troops and medical personnel to join the international peacekeeping force in East Timor Sunday, Sept. 19, 1999.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>A sad, familiar history</h2><p>French soldiers first landed in New Caledonia in 1844. In a sadly familiar narrative from the period, massacres of poorly armed local populations were first reported 2 or 3 years later.</p><p>Formal annexation by the French government in 1853 began the total disenfranchisement of the Kanaks. Massacres and land seizures ensued, particularly in and around what is now the capital Noumea, still a largely Eurocentric enclave to this day.</p><p>After fighting with courage under a French flag during both world wars, the Kanak people won a hard-fought citizenship and New Caledonia emerged from its colonial yoke and became French territory in 1956, with universal suffrage granted a year later.</p><p>At the time, population numbers were roughly even between Kanak and non-Indigenous - but reinvigorated migration, encouraged by a post-war Paris seeking to recover its prestige, soon saw the balance tilt in favor of a Eurocentric population enriched by burgeoning nickel exports.</p><p>Since 1984, the independence movement has called for the September 24 anniversary of the French annexation to be made the "Kanak Mourning Day" public holiday.</p><p>The militant pro-independence <a href="https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Kanak_and_Socialist_National_Liberation_Front.html">Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front</a> (FLNKS), Front de Libération Nationale Kanak et Socialiste - which was formed the same year, called for the boycott of French institutions and elections.</p><p>Led by <a href="https://inhabitat.com/jean-marie-tjibaou-cultural-center-inspired-by-native-architecture/">Jean-Marie Tjibaou</a>, whose life inspired the magnificent cultural center that carries his name, the provisional government of the Kanak Socialist Republic was declared in December 1984.</p><p>Following further cycles of conflict and violence, a 1998 deal culminating in the processes that led to the weekend's historic ballot, guaranteed a referendum on independence before 2018.</p><p>And while New Caledonia pushed back again from independence this weekend, according to reports from the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-05/new-caledonia-rejects-independence-from-france/10464248">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, Kanak pro-independence voters also took to the streets of Noumea to celebrate the unexpected closeness of the vote.</p><p>They are certain to carry this momentum into campaigning ahead of the next referendum, in just two years time.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-nfl-league-usfl-sued-tweet-three-dollars-2017-9">Trump once won a lawsuit against the NFL - but the result was an embarrassment</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

French President Emmanuel Macron holds on to New Caledonia, but with another referendum in just 2 years, Paris is further from paradise than ever

You Searched For "Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement" and got 3 results

King Dayne Gonsalves Has A Strong Case For Why Hawaii Belongs To The Hawaiians

Robert Johnson

Why anti-lockdown protests are a 'magnet' for white supremacists and far-right extremists

Connor Perrett

French President Emmanuel Macron holds on to New Caledonia, but with another referendum in just 2 years, Paris is further from paradise than ever

Christian Edwards,Christian E…

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