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Vedanta Limited, one of the world's largest globally diversified natural resource majors, has today announced the creation of 'Eureka', which is a web-based platform that would nurture and incubate in-house innovation and technology to coincide with National Technology Day today. The platform will most probably go live on May 30, 2016. 
 
A part of Vedanta's Innovation &amp; Technology programme, this has been created for Rs 200 crore, and would be funding in-house opportunities for research and development, said a company statement. 
 
To be headed by Ajay Dixit, Vedanta Limited’s CEO – Power, this is currently busy assessing a clutch of prospects in the field of mining, exploration and production. 'MAGMA', a new technology to convert of red mud into pig iron is also a part of the programme, which if successful, would be instrumental in protecting the mining area from being filled with red mud. In turn, this red mud would be used for more productive purposes. 
 
"Innovation is crucial to business success and sustainability in the natural resources industry. From assessing mineral deposits, cost management, ensuring worker safety to addressing environmental imperatives, innovative practices hold the key to value creation," Dixit said. 
 
Other than MAGMA, the viability of recovering zinc and lead from slag, generated during the smelting of zinc, is also being evaluated. The programme has received a submission from the Black Mountain Mining (BMM) project in South Africa, which has submitted a technology named 'REFLEX', facilitating the effective survey of mines. 
 
Some of the other areas under evaluation include: developing processes to reduce water consumption, converting fly ash into geo-polymer cement, and cutting down on paper consumption. 
 
<a href="http://andhrapatrika.in/te/cms/upload/server/php/2015/0607/thumbnail/vedanta.jpg">Image source</a>

Eureka, Vedanta’s web-based platform, to nurture and incubate in-house innovation and technology

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KFVLWX7eEY">YouTube</a></div></div>
You're innocently shampooing your scalp when - bam! - an unforeseen solution pops into your head.
Psychologists have a name for that soapy eureka: <a href="http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~unsio/Sio_Ormerod_meta_analysis_incubation_PB.pdf" target="_blank">incubation</a>.
In the same way that an embryo incubates in an egg before becoming a full-fledged chick or a virus incubates in your body before becoming a full-blown disease, thoughts incubate in the back of your mind before popping into your awareness as fully formed ideas.
But this process doesn't seem to happen while we're actively concentrating on trying to find a solution. Instead, you need some element of distraction to properly incubate. 
One example, care of <a href="http://qz.com/238681/the-complete-guide-to-having-a-creative-breakthrough/#/h/89710,2/" target="_blank">a Quartz report</a>:
A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16019229" target="_blank">study</a> done by Dutch researchers Ap Dijksterhuis and Teun Meurs asked participants to invent new pasta names, after being prompted with five examples of fake names, all ending with an "i." The researchers found that participants who were given three minutes of a distractor task were much better at generating original pasta names that didn't end in "i" than those who were simply asked to sit and think of new pasta names for the same amount of time.
This finding - that casually occupying yourself as you putter around an idea increases the quality of ideas - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941876" target="_blank">has been</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Creativity-the+unconscious+foundations+of+the+incubation+period.&amp;_ga=1.28291577.455206414.1403103531" target="_blank">confirmed in lots of</a> <a href="http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~unsio/Sio_Ormerod_meta_analysis_incubation_PB.pdf" target="_blank">other studies</a>.
It's the same reason that "sleeping on it" helps with a major decision: Even if you're not actively weighing the costs and benefits of buying that car, renting that apartment, or taking that job, <a href="http://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2013/february/feb13_unconsciousthought.html" target="_blank">neuroimaging shows that your brain is still working on the problem while your attention is otherwise occupied.</a>
With its trademark mix of warm water and familiar routine, showering provides an activity where you just barely have to pay attention to what you're doing - the perfect setting for incubation to bear fruit.

Here's Why You Get Your Best Ideas In The Shower

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populism#/media/File:Donald_Trump_(27150701414).jpg">Gage Skidmore / Wikimedia Commons</a></div></div></div>In a <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/how-scientists-reacted-to-the-us-election-results-1.20965" target="_blank">recent news story published by Nature.com</a> (the same company that produces the well-known science journal <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/how-scientists-reacted-to-the-us-election-results-1.20965" target="_blank">o</a>f the same name), Michael Lubell, the director of public affairs for the American Physical Society, called Donald Trump "the first anti-science president."The story, which included public reactions from scientists around the world gathered from places like Twitter, featured more input from other researchers who appeared to share Lubell's concern."This is terrifying for science, research, education, and the future of our planet," tweeted María Escudero Escribano, a postdoc studying electrochemistry and and sustainable energy conversation at Stanford University in California. "I guess it's time for me to go back to Europe."Trump has never explicitly said that he wants to reduce funding for science in the US. However, his lack of policy and planning for the scientific community - <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/donald-trumps-utterly-ridiculous-budget-plan/2016/02/19/b6300002-d72b-11e5-be55-2cc3c1e4b76b_story.html" target="_blank">paired with his apparently ridiculous budgeting</a> - could be a worry in itself. Another concern that people in the research community have is Trump's apparent distain for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) - the federal agency that shells out billions for biomedical research. <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2015/10/donald-trump-has-big-plans-reform-nih" target="_blank">There's a famously quoted interview with Michael Savage</a> on a conservative radio show last year where Trump said: "I hear so much about the NIH, and it's terrible.""I do breast cancer research for my PhD," tweeted Sarah Hengel, a graduate student at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. "Scared not only for my future but for the future of research and next years @NIH budget."Without federal money, labs would crumble, because there simply aren't enough private donors to make up that amount of funding.Also, with private donors, they can often expect to see something ground-breaking very quickly, and unfortunately science very seldom relies on eureka moments. It's more like building blocks, with every small step getting a little bit closer to understanding a disease or metabolic function. That's where cures and treatments come from. <h2>It's more about what Trump hasn't said than what he has.</h2>Trump has pledged to cut federal spending, but he hasn't offered much information about how this could affect technological and scientific advancement, or exactly how he plans to balance lowered taxes with more innovation.Trump has said that the US "must have programs such as a viable space program and institutional research that serve as incubators to innovation and the advancement of science and engineering in a number of fields," but has also suggested that the massive tax cuts he has planned will reduce the amount of money available that funds these things.He told ScienceDebate.org that while "there are increasing demands to curtail spending and to balance the federal budget, we must make the commitment to invest in science, engineering, healthcare and other areas that will make the lives of Americans better, safer and more prosperous," offering no way of balancing the two issues.<h2>Still, what Trump says and does are two different things.</h2>But just because Trump has said these things, it doesn't necessarily mean that he'll stop funding scientific research. As <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/11/10/13588306/trump-public-funding-science-research-nih-nsf-budgets" target="_blank">Jennifer Zeitzer, the director of legislative relations at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology told The Verge</a>, he has remained a bit of a black box on the issue. "The good news is we don't know what it means for public funding," she said. "And the bad news is we don't know what it means for public funding."Trump hasn't exactly been a conventional candidate since his campaign began, so it's hard to predict what his moves will be in terms of research. In previous presidencies, Republicans have generally spent more on the NIH and National Science Foundation, while <a href="http://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/uploads/5/4/3/4/5434385/pa8_kushi_s_manuscript_clean.pdf" target="_blank">Democratic leaders have increased spending on NASA, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation</a>.However, this definitely doesn't mean Trump will follow suit. He could be swayed by Republicans around him, such as Mike Pence who doesn't believe in stem cell research or <a href="http://fortune.com/2016/07/15/mike-pence-donald-trump-science/" target="_blank">that evolution exists</a>, and who has said in the past that he <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/mike-pence-smoking-doesnt-kill-2016-11" target="_blank">doesn't believe smoking causes cancer</a>.Trump could lean more towards the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-the-freedom-caucus-2015-10?pundits_only=0&amp;get_all_comments=1&amp;no_reply_filter=1&amp;IR=T" target="_blank">House Freedom Caucus</a>, who are a populist group of Republican lawmakers who want to decrease federal spending everywhere, or he could take advice from people like <a href="http://www.sciencecoalition.org/ar.php?id=24" target="_blank">Tennessee Senator Lamar Alexander</a> who has called for more funding for research. The reality is that no-one really knows, and until Trump makes some announcements about what his presidency will mean for the future of American science funding, researchers will be left in the dark. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/photo-series-reveals-true-proportions-huge-objects-2016-11">These size comparisons show the true scale of enormous things</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="c1eWVnNzE6EEyJweXWOcYHRM1Gff7evr" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Researchers are calling Trump 'the first anti-science president'

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>In lucid dreaming, every night offers up the ultimate choose-your-own-adventure-a dreamscape confined only by the limits of your imagination and entirely under your control.
The horizon-expanding results are often felt long after you've awoken. Which is why a growing number of LD practitioners aren't just having more fun in bed-they're using their dreams to get ahead.
I'm lost in the woods. It's nighttime. The light of a full moon shows me I'm surrounded by menacing-looking trees, curiously similar to the ones that pelted Dorothy with apples in The Wizard of Oz. Then I spot it, smack in the middle of the forest-a brightly lit office cubicle with a laptop inside. "That's funny," I say to myself. "You don't usually see office cubes in the woods." Suddenly it hits me: The cubicle is my dream sign, a signal to my subconscious that I'm actually asleep, that everything around me is a projection of my imagination. After weeks of practice, of studying ancient Tibetan dream techniques, of wearing a special sleep mask that flashed lights in my eyes in the middle of the night, of ingesting questionable subconsciousness-raising drugs purchased from untrustworthy sources over the Internet, I'm finally doing it. I'm having my first lucid dream.
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This clarity hits me even within my dream state. I'm so thrilled by the revelation, I plop myself down in the cubicle and start typing. Yes, I wrote this story in my sleep.
This is merely one manifestation of the state of being known as lucid dreaming. You're asleep. You're dreaming. But you're aware it's a dream-unconscious but conscious (or is it vice versa?). On the one hand, this is a common enough phenomenon-one study concluded that as many as 70 percent of people experience lucid dreaming at least once in their lifetime. On the other, the ability to have lucid dreams on demand can be a difficult skill to acquire.
A growing army of LD practitioners are training their sleeping brains to take maximum advantage of that lucid state, learning to control it in search of a mind-blowing natural trip. Imagine turning the inside of your head into the ultimate virtual-reality chamber, living out your deepest, most daring fantasies and desires, all without ever leaving your bed. Go ahead, fly to Zanzibar in your underwear. Play guitar like Jimi Hendrix-with Jimi Hendrix. Steer yourself not to a cubicle but to the corner office. Have sex with a supermodel. Or two supermodels. Literally anything you can imagine is possible in a lucid dream, because you have the keys to your subconscious.
Of course, the desire to control one's dreams is as old as dreaming itself, and unlocking the secret to lucid dreaming has long been a goal of philosophers, theologians, and scientists. Aristotle was said to have dabbled in it. Saint Augustine wrote about it. Eighth-century Buddhist monks devoted lifetimes to teaching a form of lucid dreaming known as dream yoga. Your hippie parents might have experimented with it at Esalen in the 1970s. But unlike many other New Age fads, lucid dreaming has a strong scientific foundation. And over the past 30 years, study after study has shown that lucid dreaming can have a profound impact on waking life. Researchers in Canada are using LD as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Sleep scientists in Germany are studying its applications for sports training-to improve both focus and performance in athletes. Closer to home, a doctor at a VA hospital in Los Angeles published a paper in January detailing the case of a patient with a 22-year history of chronic pain who cured himself overnight with a single lucid dream. "I'm no expert on lucid dreams," says Dr. Mauro Zappaterra. "But the man woke up with no pain. He said it was like his brain had shut down and rebooted. A few days later, he walks into the VA pharmacy and actually returns his medication-300 tabs of levorphanol. To me that's pretty convincing evidence."
Outside the scientific realm, lucid dreams serve as an idea lab for creative types: Actors and admen, inventors and game designers, fine artists, musicians, and filmmakers-like Michel Gondry and Guillermo del Toro-have practiced lucid dreaming. As the buzz about LD builds, it's gotten to the point where you can't stay up late drinking in the bar at the Chateau Marmont without overhearing a group of English indie musicians on their way home from Coachella going on and on about having lucid dreams in the desert or a starlet and a former professional athlete nearby gushing that LD is "better than TM."
There are now scores of lucid-dreaming websites offering online courses and dozens of LD-training apps on iTunes (one of which was downloaded more than 500,000 times in its first six weeks) promising to prepare your mind for dream flight. There are weeklong workshops in Hawaii, seminars in the Hamptons, and-the obligatory indicator of an incubating trend-TEDxTalks. And why not? Who wouldn't want to be "the producer, writer, director, and star of your dreams," as the promotional copy for one lucid-dreaming meet-up in New York City promised.
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"Yeah, it is becoming trendy," acknowledges Charlie Morley, a 30-year-old British lucid-dream teacher and the author of Dreams of Awakening: Lucid Dreams and Mindfulness of Dream &amp; Sleep (previously he was a rapper in a Buddhist hip-hop group). "But it's not just hipsters doing it. It's all sorts of people, because there's no equipment to buy, no club to join, no money you have to spend. Anybody can do it."
However, not everyone has the same aptitude for lucid dreaming. There are those who pick it up instantly-Morley taught himself at 16, with no training-zooming to the moon on their first trip, while lucidity-challenged dreamers plod along for months before achieving liftoff. The reasons elude scientists, though a recent-and perhaps unsurprising-study at MacEwan University in Canada discovered that gamers are more likely to experience lucid dreams than non-gamers ("Virtual reality is virtual reality," explains one of the researchers). Also, those who tend to remember their dreams seem to have an easier time mastering LD than those who wake with no memory of them. But another recent study, this one at Goethe University in Germany, holds out hope for even the hardest cases: Sleep researchers there found that a mild electric current delivered to the frontal lobe for 30 seconds during REM sleep triggered lucidity 77 percent of the time. Can it be long before wearable LD brain shockers start appearing alongside Google Glass and Oculus Rift?
The more people experiment with lucid dreaming, the more distinct manifestations of it we will find, yet there is a certain universality, too-almost all lucid dreamers have the impulse to do the same thing. They fly. "Oh, man, being able to fly," Morley says, smiling broadly at the memory. "Flying is amazing. The feeling of floating above the earth, free from gravity-it's so liberating. I used to go to bed early on Saturday nights just so I could fly in my dreams. I got stuck doing that for two years. All I did was fly around and go to orgies."
You'd think it would be addictive, but sooner or later boredom sets in. "After you've flown for the thousandth time, you start looking for other, less superficial applications," says Tim Post, the 30-year-old founder of the LD website Snoozon.com, who taught himself to lucid-dream after being inspired by The Matrix. "You start trying to bridge your lucid-dream experience with your waking life. You start asking, 'How can I learn from this? How can I use it to be a better person, or get ahead at work, or rehearse for a sporting event?' Eventually, you look for practical applications."
You don't have to look far. Like that case of the VA patient who cured his pain with a single lucid dream (involving beautiful musical tones and strands of giant DNA made out of cookie dough-hey, whatever works). It can be useful for coping with nightmares, overcoming shyness, or dealing with bereavement, and it can be helpful for practicing for a big presentation, pumping up one's confidence, or solving creative problems (Paul McCartney famously puzzled out the troublesome melody of "Yesterday" in a lucid dream). In many ways, LD is the perfect self-help trend for our super-busy, technology-obsessed times. Not only is it just the right mix of ancient Eastern philosophy and cutting-edge brain science, but it also lets you get twice as much done in a day by turning your sleep hours into a night shift.
Exactly how lucid dreaming works in the brain is still something of a mystery. Research shows that lucid dreaming stimulates the mind in the same ways as waking life. If you sing during a lucid dream, for example, the right hemisphere lights up, just as it would if you were awake. If you do math, the left hemisphere becomes active. And the effects reverberate through your body even after you wake up. It can, for instance, improve motor skills. Sleep researchers at Heidelberg University proved that practicing a task in a lucid dream-tossing a coin into a cup-makes the dreamer significantly better at it during waking hours. They're currently experimenting with more complex tasks, like running and jumping, to see if eventually athletes might be able to train in their sleep.
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But the real power of lucid dreaming, according to those who've mastered it, is how it alters your perception of, well, pretty much everything.
"When I'm flying in a dream, what's moving?" asks Robert Waggoner, the author of Lucid Dreaming: Gateway to the Inner Self and a popular speaker on the lucid-dream lecture circuit. "What's the nature of space in a lucid dream? It's just a mental construct. Early lucid dreamers, the Buddhists who practiced dream yoga, they wouldn't even bother to fly to the mountain in their dreams. They'd just pull the mountain to them."
"It does tend to blur the lines between reality and dream life," agrees Sean Kelly, a 27-year-old longtime lucid dreamer from California who studied perception and cognitive science at the University of California, Berkeley, and now splits his time between Thailand and India, studying yoga and consciousness. "Not to the point where you can't function. It's not like, 'Oh my God, I can't cook this egg because I don't know if it's real.' But when you start to experience a lucid dream-consciousness without being encased in a physical body-it starts to shift your idea of the world, of what reality really is. Reality in a dream and reality in the physical world-they're both constructs of your consciousness. You start to realize that we don't have any idea at all what reality really is."
If taking flight via lucid dreaming sounds like a different sort of trip, there's a reason.
 "I was climbing K2 and there were snowdrifts all around," says Dr. Stephen LaBerge, recalling the dream that would ultimately bring LD into the mainstream. "But I was dressed in shorts. And I thought, 'Wait a minute, I'm not properly prepared to go to the top of a mountain. Of course, it's a dream!' I was so reeled by it, I just flew off the mountain."
Meet the godfather of lucid dreaming, the researcher who brought LD from the fringes of alternative psychology to the razor-sharp edge of modern sleep and dream science. LaBerge, who bears a passing resemblance to Christopher Lloyd's Doc from the Back to the Future movies (though he drives a Subaru, not a DeLorean), is 67 now, living in Arizona and leading seminars. His dream about climbing K2 in shorts came when he was a graduate student in chemical physics at Stanford in the late sixties. Like so many others of his generation, he was drawn to psychedelics-only in his case, as a subject for study. He was researching their effects on consciousness. The substances, though, were illegal, making research difficult. LaBerge's eureka moment-his mountain-climbing dream-"set the seed," he says. "I couldn't study psychedelics, but here was a state-one that happens naturally in the REM cycle-that had similar potential."
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The breakthrough came in the early eighties, while LaBerge was conducting research at Stanford's prestigious Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine. He had come up with an ingeniously simple study that proved once and for all the reality of lucid dreaming: Subjects with a history of lucid dreaming were given instructions to send specific signals-two pairs of left-to-right eye movements-once they slipped into the deepest level of REM sleep, where lucidity occurs. "That was something," LaBerge recalls proudly. "A communication from the dream world while it was happening."
He spent the following decades sharing his findings in books (Lucid Dreaming, Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming), establishing the Lucidity Institute, and inventing devices like the NovaDreamer, a now-discontinued sleep mask designed to nudge dreamers into lucidity with light pulses powerful enough to penetrate the unconscious and alert dreamers that they're asleep, but not so disruptive as to wake them.
Whether you're delivered there by light or by luck, the moment you achieve awareness that you're in a dream is when it becomes lucid. LD practitioners train themselves to recognize dream signals-in my case, an office cubicle in the middle of a forest; in LaBerge's, inappropriate mountain-climbing attire-that tip them off to the fact that they're dreaming (think of them as unreality checks). Sean Kelly suggests giving yourself the finger: He pushes his middle finger into the flesh of his palm, and if it goes through, he knows he's dreaming.
During my first few unsuccessful weeks attempting lucidity, none of this worked. Nor did the Remee, a red-light-emitting LD mask made by a Brooklyn company, which just kept me from sleeping at all.
There is another, chemical option for those stuck on the lucidity launchpad, something that several lucid dreamers had quietly clued me in to: galantamine, a brain-boosting drug used as a treatment for Alzheimer's that's said to have powerful lucid-dream-triggering side effects. Like many other nootropics, a.k.a. smart drugs, galantamine requires a prescription in the U.S., but low-dosage capsules containing its active ingredient-derived from the flowers of the Galanthus causcasicus plant-can easily be obtained. You wake up to take it at three in the morning, then go back to sleep, perchance to lucid-dream.
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It didn't have an effect on me, at least not initially. But then, a couple of nights later, when I wasn't expecting it, I had my lucid dream. It may have been a delayed reaction to the galantamine. Or perhaps it was simply because I'd been concentrating on lucid dreaming so intensely (all the experts agree that a strong desire to lucid-dream is a key factor in achieving lucidity)-and on my looming deadline. But there I was, in a cubicle in the forest, typing these words into a laptop: This is exhilarating. Although next time, I want to try to dream bigger. I'm going to fly.

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