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Vedanta Limited, one of the world's largest globally diversified natural resource majors, has today announced the creation of 'Eureka', which is a web-based platform that would nurture and incubate in-house innovation and technology to coincide with National Technology Day today. The platform will most probably go live on May 30, 2016.<br />
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A part of Vedanta's Innovation &amp; Technology programme, this has been created for Rs 200 crore, and would be funding in-house opportunities for research and development, said a company statement. <br />
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To be headed by Ajay Dixit, Vedanta Limited’s CEO – Power, this is currently busy assessing a clutch of prospects in the field of mining, exploration and production. 'MAGMA', a new technology to convert of red mud into pig iron is also a part of the programme, which if successful, would be instrumental in protecting the mining area from being filled with red mud. In turn, this red mud would be used for more productive purposes. <br />
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"Innovation is crucial to business success and sustainability in the natural resources industry. From assessing mineral deposits, cost management, ensuring worker safety to addressing environmental imperatives, innovative practices hold the key to value creation," Dixit said. <br />
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Other than MAGMA, the viability of recovering zinc and lead from slag, generated during the smelting of zinc, is also being evaluated. The programme has received a submission from the Black Mountain Mining (BMM) project in South Africa, which has submitted a technology named 'REFLEX', facilitating the effective survey of mines. <br />
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Some of the other areas under evaluation include: developing processes to reduce water consumption, converting fly ash into geo-polymer cement, and cutting down on paper consumption.<br />
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<a href="http://andhrapatrika.in/te/cms/upload/server/php/2015/0607/thumbnail/vedanta.jpg"><em>Image source</em></a><br />

Eureka, Vedanta’s web-based platform, to nurture and incubate in-house innovation and technology

<div style="padding: .125em 1em 1em; background-color: #eee;">
<p><table class="image-container float_right" width="200"><tr><td><div class="image"></div><p class="source">Steelcase</p></td></tr></table>Picture this: A person sits alone in an office, head in hands. Fingers drum on the desktop. The clock ticks as a deadline looms. Then: "Eureka!" Cue the light bulb, the widened eyes, the "I just had a brilliant idea" music. </p>
<p>As we all know, creativity doesn't always work that way. Innovation is critical when it comes to success in business, whether for a huge corporation or a tiny start-up; and more often than not, the seeds of that innovation will come from the minds of talented employees. But leaving people alone in rooms isn't the best way to spark their mad genius. (Unless, of course, they're all Steve Jobs.)</p>
<p>So how to achieve that "eureka" moment? <span>These days, the most</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> creative professional environments encourage employees to collaborate, share, and develop ideas with their peers. And building<span> a workplace that fosters inspiration doesn't happen by accident.</span></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.steelcase.com/en/pages/homepage.aspx" target="_blank">Steelcase</a> has been leading the charge when it comes to the importance of workplace design in driving innovation, which not only supports overall strategy and impacts the bottom line, but can also have a positive effect on employee culture. It's not a one-size-fits all approach: An office setup that energizes a team of 10 may not inspire employees at a bigger company, just as a business that uses contractors has different needs than one whose creative team is in-house. </p>
<p>In a white paper entitled <a href="http://360.steelcase.com/white-papers/how-place-fosters-innovation/" target="_blank">"How Place Fosters Innovation,"</a> Steelcase presented eight models of innovation that tailor office spaces to companies of varying workforces, needs, and strategies.<span> </span>Among them are:</p>
<p><strong>The "In-House Marketplace Model"</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Goal: </strong><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Every team and person </span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">within the organization</span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">—from the lowliest junior staffer to the top executives—is responsible for innovation.</span></li>
<li><strong style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Setup: </strong><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Collaboration takes place in</span><strong style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> </strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">"neighborhoods," with a central project area for visual presentations and updates. People can move to private areas to do more focused brainstorming, or to a cafe to talk informally.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The "In-House Share Model"</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;">Goal:</strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;"> Teams work on focused projects, sharing their information with other groups within the company.</span></li>
<li><strong style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;">Setup:</strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;">Specialized teams are grouped together, with individual workstations on the periphery.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;"> These areas host a "front porch" for the sharing of public information, yet include private spaces for more sensitive collaborations. </span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The "</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Partnership Model"</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;">Goal:</strong><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15px;"> Separate partners work on one collaborative project.</span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><strong>Setup: </strong>Each partner has its own company space, but all share one unified space (both physically and virtually). Team members </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">meet, break apart to consult with experts and work in specialized labs, and convene again.</span></li>
</ul>
<p>It's one thing to stay afloat in a competitive marketplace, but it's another thing to stand out. Before designing or rethinking your workplace, don't just consider what color to paint the walls and which cool chairs to buy—think about how the layout of your workplace can align with your business strategy and encourage innovation. Pretty soon, all your employees will be mad geniuses in their own right.</p>
<p>Find great advice for the organizational model that applies to your company in <span>Steelcase's</span> helpful white paper, <a href="http://360.steelcase.com/white-papers/how-place-fosters-innovation/" target="_blank">"How Place Fosters Innovation."</a></p>
</div>
<p><span>Find out </span><a href="../sponsor-posts">more about Sponsor Posts.</a></p>

How Rethinking Your Workplace Can Speed Innovation

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Higgins boat is one of the iconic vessels of World War II.</li><li>The Higgins boat, known as an LCVP, took US and allied troops ashore across Europe and the Pacific.</li></ul><p>A day after Japan's surprise <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-us-navy-aircraft-carriers-avoided-destruction-at-pearl-harbor-2020-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, New Orleans-based shipbuilder Andrew Higgins filed an idea with the US Patent Office for a landing craft that could transport US soldiers from ships at sea to enemy-controlled beaches.</p><p>Two and a half years later, on the morning of June 6, 1944, the LCVPs — short for Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel — designed and built by Higgins' firm were unloading wave after wave of American GIs on Normandy's Utah Beach during <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mulberry-harbors-help-dday-landings-by-supplying-troops-in-france-2019-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the D-Day landings</a>.</p><p>Equipped with an innovative ramp design, two .30-caliber machine guns, and room for some 36 infantrymen, "Higgins Boats" proved instrumental on D-Day. Those landings, still the largest seaborne invasion in history, were a major turning point in the war.</p><div type="image" title="US troops on LCVP Higgins boat Utah Beach Normandy D-Day" height="1403" width="2000" msid="98786482" hostid="261" sizebytes="125096"></div><p>The Normandy invasion was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-dangerous-jobs-american-troops-carried-out-on-d-day-2019-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a harrowing task of unprecedented scale</a>.</p><p>To succeed, the Allies needed the ability to put troops, vehicles, and other equipment ashore on beaches littered with fortifications and obstacles emplaced by the Nazi defenders. Higgins' landing craft made this possible.</p><p>Gen. Dwight Eisenhower later referred to Higgins as "the man who won the war for us." The shipbuilder's reputation extended to Germany, where Adolf Hitler begrudgingly complimented him as "the New Noah."</p><h2>Who was Andrew Higgins?</h2><div type="image" title="Andrew Higgins" height="1410" width="1880" msid="98786484" hostid="261" sizebytes="133758"></div><p>Higgins manufactured more than 20,000 boats during his decades-long career. His landing craft were used in every major amphibious assault of World War II, from the shores of Europe to the Pacific islands.</p><p>"He was the right person with the right ideas and the right drive at the right time," Joshua Schick, curator and restoration manager at the National World War II Museum in New Orleans, told Insider.</p><p>Two Higgins landing craft are on display in the main pavilion of the museum, which also named its World War II-themed Hilton property the <a href="https://www.higginshotelnola.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Higgins Hotel &amp; Conference Center</a> in a nod to the hometown hero.</p><p>Higgins, who Schick described as a "flamboyant industrialist," was relatively new to building military hardware when World War II began, but he had a long record of entrepreneurship, innovation, and problem-solving.</p><div type="image" title="Higgins boat" height="1540" width="2000" msid="98786485" hostid="261" sizebytes="388132"></div><p>Born in Nebraska in 1886, Higgins ran newspaper routes and started a lawn-mowing company as a child. Serving in the Nebraska Army National Guard exposed him to the boats used to move troops by water during militia maneuvers on the Platte River.</p><p>He moved to Mobile, Alabama in 1906 to break into the lumber business. By the 1930s, he'd formed Higgins Lumber and Export Company and was working as a lumber manufacturer in New Orleans. In the 1920s, Higgins developed the Eureka boat, a vessel designed for oil work that got the US Navy's attention for its effectiveness in shallow water.</p><p>As the US military sought new ways to move large numbers of troops and supplies to beaches during amphibious operations, Higgins Industries saw enormous demand and explosive growth.</p><p>Anticipating the government's need for boats and the size of the contracts to come, Higgins began building factories before the war started and began constructing boats in them before the factories had been completed.</p><div type="image" title="Army LCVP Higgins boat Anzio Italy" height="1553" width="2000" msid="98786488" hostid="261" sizebytes="328344"></div><p>Higgins eventually secured major government contracts that allowed him to expand production at an unprecedented rate and make extensive contributions to the war effort.</p><p>Higgins and his employees earned a reputation for quick and innovative design and construction. In one instance, Navy officials expressed interest in seeing a design for a new 56-foot tank landing craft three days before a scheduled visit to see another type of landing craft.</p><p>Using a tugboat they had on hand, and working without blueprints, Higgins and his engineers built a new landing craft that they successfully tested for the Navy officials during their visit.</p><p>The LCVP for which Higgins was famed was based on the design of a Japanese landing craft used in the late 1930s. Higgins had a mock-up made based on a photo of the Japanese vessel. Within a month of beginning work on the new boat, tests on Lake Pontchartrain showed its design was viable.</p><p>Each LCVP could carry 36 combat troops or 8,000 pounds of cargo, and 23,000 were built during the war.</p><div type="image" title="Higgins boat LCVP" height="1439" width="1919" msid="98786491" hostid="261" sizebytes="248594"></div><p>Designing and manufacturing amphibious landing vehicles was the focus of his organization, but he also branched into other initiatives, at one point securing a contract to produce carbon components and metal parts for the Manhattan Project.</p><p>Higgins worked tirelessly and innovated obsessively, Schick said. By 1943, Higgins Industries employed some 20,000 employees working across seven plants.</p><p>His facilities spread across New Orleans and extended into new activities, such as refurbishing trucks and manufacturing components for aircraft, plastics, and other equipment. "He just explodes onto the scene," Schick said.</p><p>Jerry E. Strahan, author of "Andrew Jackson Higgins and the Boats that Won World War II," details Higgins' progressive, efficiency-minded approach to business.</p><div type="image" title="Higgins boat LCVP Balikpapan Borneo" height="1498" width="1997" msid="98786494" hostid="261" sizebytes="283852"></div><p>Higgins rejected the discriminatory hiring practices that excluded women and people of color from wartime work. He prioritized employing people who could do the job. Higgins also felt illnesses would be costly to productivity and started a clinic to provide free healthcare for his workers.</p><p>Higgins remained at the helm of his company until he had a stroke and died in 1952.</p><p>Schick hopes Higgins' legacy will be celebrated through the museum's tributes to him — especially the Higgins Hotel, located on Andrew Higgins Boulevard, adjacent to the museum. The hotel's lobby displays a 1943 portrait of Higgins that once hung in his office.</p><p>"We look at all of these unnamed people who created this vast machine that ended up winning the war, and it's a really great symbol of the arsenal of democracy," Schick said of Higgins' work. "I encourage people to read more. There's always something to learn about Andrew Higgins."</p><p><em>Katie Sanders is a journalist based in New York City. Her reporting has brought her to prisons, JDate, the CIA, and the White House. Follow her at <a href="https://twitter.com/katiessanders" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@KatieSSanders</a>. Mara Storey is a people analytics manager at Deloitte. She lives in Nashville. Follow her at <a href="https://twitter.com/mtruslowstorey" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@mtruslowstorey</a>.</em></p>

How an often overlooked World War II-era shipbuilder designed the boat that Eisenhower said 'won the war for us'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>At least 63,456 tiny homes have been built in California backyards between 2018 and 2021. </li><li>A mini boom in accessory dwelling units, or ADUs, followed legislation promoting them.</li></ul><p>Eureka! As the US grapples with a massive housing shortage, one possible solution is playing out in California right now — and the state may have struck gold. </p><p>Over the past two years, tiny homes, known as accessory dwelling units, or ADUs, have filled backyards from San Jose to San Diego after state lawmakers began breaking down barriers for homeowners to build on their limited acreage. Single-family-zoning rules — often cited as a contributor to the affordable-homes shortage — were loosened under a series of laws enacted as the pandemic was exacerbating the housing crisis.</p><p>Homeowners were primed for the opportunity. One <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-build-a-tiny-house-in-bay-area-backyard-2023-2">Bay Area native was able to raise her children near her family</a> by building a $325,000 unit in her parents' San Jose backyard. A San Diego landlord added a two-bedroom unit in his backyard, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/san-diego-california-adu-rental-passive-income-sports-team-2023-2">helping to ease the rental shortage for students in the area.</a> They all have the trappings of a regular home — kitchens, sleeping areas, and running water — just downsized to as little as 150 square feet.</p><p>California approved permits on 22,663 ADUs in 2021, up from 8,905 in 2018, <a href="https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Missing-Middle-Brief-December-2022.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to an analysis of state data</a> by the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at the University of California, Berkeley. Overall, the state paved the way for at least 63,456 ADUs to be built between 2018 and 2021, the Terner Center report showed. </p><p>While the increase in ADUs over the past few years has been significant, people aren't necessarily seeing lower housing prices or rents, Selma Hepp, the chief economist at CoreLogic, told Insider. The new ADUs have barely put a dent in the state's shortage of some 2 million homes, she said, though she's doing her part by building one of her own on her Burbank property.</p><p>"I think it's going to help affordability," Hepp said of the state's promotion of ADUs. "But I think that we're still a ways away" from where housing supply is expanded enough to increase affordability, she added.</p><div type="image" title="Headshot of CoreLogic Chief Economist Selma Hepp" height="1801" width="2400" msid="98215539" hostid="261" sizebytes="382416"></div><p>While California's ADU revolution is in its nascent phase, it offers a glimpse into how other states could implement their own affordable-housing strategies. Oregon, Maine, and Nebraska, as well as cities <a href="https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/miami-dade-county-allows-accessory-dwelling-units/635965/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">like Miami,</a> have enacted laws similar to California's. Other states — <a href="https://rpa.org/latest/lab/new-york-state-adu-legalization-fact-sheets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">including New York</a> and Washington— are considering ADU legislation, too. </p><h1>Dire shortage </h1><p>Advocates of higher-density building have a big tailwind: Housing affordability is waning, and fast.</p><p>The average American household — which brings in about $70,784 each year, <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=average+american+income&amp;source=lnt&amp;tbs=qdr:y&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj9gqne56n9AhXuEFkFHSi0A5QQpwV6BAgBEBk&amp;biw=1440&amp;bih=711&amp;dpr=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to the US Census</a> — can't afford to buy a home and is struggling to keep up with rising rents. For a <a href="https://www.redfin.com/us-housing-market" target="_blank" rel="noopener">typical US home, with a median price of $383,460</a> in January, monthly housing costs would be $2,260 if the buyer put 5% down and took out a 30-year mortgage <a href="https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">at 6.5%,</a> according to Redfin data and Insider's mortgage calculator.</p><p>Meanwhile, median rent was $1,942 in January and rising year over year, <a href="https://www.rent.com/research/average-rent-price-report/#:~:text=In%20January%202022%2C%20the%20national,to%20the%20median%20rent%20level." target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to Rent.com</a>. </p><p>That means that the typical renter would need to make at least $77,680 to avoid the threat of becoming house poor —  which is when people spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs. For a typical homebuyer to meet that measure of financial strength, they would need to earn $90,400. </p><p>Behind the rising costs is a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/economic-inequality-housing-shortage-causes-2023-1">severely undersupplied national housing market,</a> which by a <a href="https://www.fanniemae.com/research-and-insights/perspectives/us-housing-shortage" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fannie Mae estimate</a> is short about 3.8 million homes. Addressing that supply-demand imbalance <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-market-affordability-crisis-not-enough-homes-to-meet-demand-2022-8">would help alleviate the affordability crisis</a>, economists say, and nowhere is that more important than in California, where the shortage of homes accounts for half of national total.</p><div type="image" title="A villa adu" height="3000" width="4000" msid="98215540" hostid="261" sizebytes="1168252"></div><h1><strong>New territory</strong></h1><p>To attempt to solve the crisis, California lawmakers agreed on rules that made it easier for urban homeowners to build on their land, including the California HOME Act, which <a href="https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lets homeowners build up to four additional units on their existing lots</a>. Only individual homeowners are allowed to do this, not private companies. </p><p>Lawmakers pitched it as a win-win: Homeowners can add value to their property — and in some cases bring in some extra income by renting out their homes — while the state addresses its conundrum of how to incentivize more home building in its most populated areas, where building lots are expensive and few.</p><p>There's been opposition to ADUs from homeowners worried about the density of their neighborhoods and sometimes the aesthetics of the structures. Shain Haug, the president of a neighborhood community council in San Diego, <a href="https://sdnews.com/groups-voice-opposition-to-adu-rules/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">complained to SanDiegoNews.com</a> that single-family homeowners shouldn't be burdened with fixing problems that he said were due to poor urban planning or supporting "growth for the sake of growth."</p><p>He also decried "giving our communities over to the construction industry."</p><p>To be sure, the state laws are no panacea. Even though ADU construction is legal at the state level, homeowners still have to comply with local ordinances — some of which make it very hard to build. And building an ADU usually costs between $100,000 and $300,000, which is financially prohibitive for many people.</p><p>For example, Hepp — a person who follows the housing market professionally — detailed the long and arduous process she had to endure when building her ADU.  Zoning ordinances in Burbank seemed opaque to her and the real-estate agents she consulted, and she couldn't get any "real answers" from local officials or real-estate experts, she said. </p><div type="image" title="Selma Hepp's ADU in Burbank" height="2168" width="2892" msid="98215696" hostid="261" sizebytes="412570"></div><p>"I have a Ph.D. in housing, and it was still so complicated, confusing, and stressful for me," she said. "I just can't imagine what it's like for other folks." After about three years, Hepp's ADU is complete and awaiting inspection. </p><p>Despite her struggles, Hepp predicted that if the state keeps throwing its weight behind the issue and educates people about how they can build tiny homes, a more meaningful wave of building will ensue. Ultimately, the housing shortage could be alleviated, she said.</p><h1>A tiny-home gold rush</h1><p>California homeowners aren't the only ones making money from the new laws. </p><p>From the Gold Rush of 1849 to California's 21st-century rise as the technology capital of the world, ambitious entrepreneurs aiming for social and economic transformation have been a part of the state's DNA. Tiny homes as a solution to the housing crisis is no different. </p><p>Venture capitalists have poured millions into startups that help to permit, manufacture, and install ADUs over the past few years.</p><p>Villa, a San Francisco-based company that has built hundreds of prefabricated ADUs, <a href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/villa-homes-8162/company_financials" target="_blank" rel="noopener">received $15 million</a> from Atomic, an investment firm led by Jack Abraham, the founder of the <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HIMS/key-statistics/?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJWvz1YVWce5EqD7Ft1ONrcFae5r928UJs_9jAk_OHMr2LJ9vtDVPAlJjLPNKnXAKizi7hSY7K3YXz2EFOBECan1Ej-PcfxUK-rat2_SlSUQ9e0gx2Hw6IBktzwuBELZDhVPepD6UTCLk44I2DLLKipXw4Fr8_DaSzzdhxVYy6Oy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$2 billion telehealth company</a> Him &amp; Hers, in August 2021<a href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/villa-homes-8162/company_financials" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>. Adobu, another Bay Area company that builds tiny homes in California and Washington, has<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hottest-tiny-home-startups-affordable-housing-shortage-crisis-2022-6#abodu-1"> raised $25 million</a> since 2018 from investors like Redfin CEO Glenn Kelman.</p><div type="image" title="James Connolly, co-founder and CEO of Villa." height="3015" width="4020" msid="98215697" hostid="261" sizebytes="481998"></div><p>Both companies are looking to expand to other states.</p><p>"The way California goes, so will the rest of the nation," said James Connolly, Villa's cofounder. "I feel really bullish about not just the company, but also our ability to make an impact on the broader housing crisis."</p>

Inside California's tiny-home takeover

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populism#/media/File:Donald_Trump_(27150701414).jpg">Gage Skidmore / Wikimedia Commons</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>In a <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/how-scientists-reacted-to-the-us-election-results-1.20965" target="_blank">recent news story published by Nature.com</a> (the same company that produces the well-known science journal <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/how-scientists-reacted-to-the-us-election-results-1.20965" target="_blank">o</a>f the same name), Michael Lubell, the director of public affairs for the American Physical Society, called Donald Trump "the first anti-science president."</p><p>The story, which included public reactions from scientists around the world gathered from places like Twitter, featured more input from other researchers who appeared to share Lubell's concern.</p><p>"This is terrifying for science, research, education, and the future of our planet," tweeted María Escudero Escribano, a postdoc studying electrochemistry and and sustainable energy conversation at Stanford University in California. "I guess it's time for me to go back to Europe."</p><p>Trump has never explicitly said that he wants to reduce funding for science in the US. However, his lack of policy and planning for the scientific community - <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/donald-trumps-utterly-ridiculous-budget-plan/2016/02/19/b6300002-d72b-11e5-be55-2cc3c1e4b76b_story.html" target="_blank">paired with his apparently ridiculous budgeting</a> - could be a worry in itself. </p><p>Another concern that people in the research community have is Trump's apparent distain for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) - the federal agency that shells out billions for biomedical research. <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2015/10/donald-trump-has-big-plans-reform-nih" target="_blank">There's a famously quoted interview with Michael Savage</a> on a conservative radio show last year where Trump said: "I hear so much about the NIH, and it's terrible."</p><p>"I do breast cancer research for my PhD," tweeted Sarah Hengel, a graduate student at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. "Scared not only for my future but for the future of research and next years @NIH budget."</p><p>Without federal money, labs would crumble, because there simply aren't enough private donors to make up that amount of funding.</p><p>Also, with private donors, they can often expect to see something ground-breaking very quickly, and unfortunately science very seldom relies on eureka moments. It's more like building blocks, with every small step getting a little bit closer to understanding a disease or metabolic function. That's where cures and treatments come from. </p><h2>It's more about what Trump hasn't said than what he has.</h2><p>Trump has pledged to cut federal spending, but he hasn't offered much information about how this could affect technological and scientific advancement, or exactly how he plans to balance lowered taxes with more innovation.</p><p>Trump has said that the US "must have programs such as a viable space program and institutional research that serve as incubators to innovation and the advancement of science and engineering in a number of fields," but has also suggested that the massive tax cuts he has planned will reduce the amount of money available that funds these things.</p><p>He told ScienceDebate.org that while "there are increasing demands to curtail spending and to balance the federal budget, we must make the commitment to invest in science, engineering, healthcare and other areas that will make the lives of Americans better, safer and more prosperous," offering no way of balancing the two issues.</p><h2>Still, what Trump says and does are two different things.</h2><p>But just because Trump has said these things, it doesn't necessarily mean that he'll stop funding scientific research. As <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/11/10/13588306/trump-public-funding-science-research-nih-nsf-budgets" target="_blank">Jennifer Zeitzer, the director of legislative relations at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology told The Verge</a>, he has remained a bit of a black box on the issue. </p><p>"The good news is we don't know what it means for public funding," she said. "And the bad news is we don't know what it means for public funding."</p><p>Trump hasn't exactly been a conventional candidate since his campaign began, so it's hard to predict what his moves will be in terms of research. In previous presidencies, Republicans have generally spent more on the NIH and National Science Foundation, while <a href="http://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/uploads/5/4/3/4/5434385/pa8_kushi_s_manuscript_clean.pdf" target="_blank">Democratic leaders have increased spending on NASA, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation</a>.</p><p>However, this definitely doesn't mean Trump will follow suit. He could be swayed by Republicans around him, such as Mike Pence who doesn't believe in stem cell research or <a href="http://fortune.com/2016/07/15/mike-pence-donald-trump-science/" target="_blank">that evolution exists</a>, and who has said in the past that he <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/mike-pence-smoking-doesnt-kill-2016-11" target="_blank">doesn't believe smoking causes cancer</a>.</p><p>Trump could lean more towards the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-the-freedom-caucus-2015-10?pundits_only=0&amp;get_all_comments=1&amp;no_reply_filter=1&amp;IR=T" target="_blank">House Freedom Caucus</a>, who are a populist group of Republican lawmakers who want to decrease federal spending everywhere, or he could take advice from people like <a href="http://www.sciencecoalition.org/ar.php?id=24" target="_blank">Tennessee Senator Lamar Alexander</a> who has called for more funding for research. </p><p>The reality is that no-one really knows, and until Trump makes some announcements about what his presidency will mean for the future of American science funding, researchers will be left in the dark.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/photo-series-reveals-true-proportions-huge-objects-2016-11">These size comparisons show the true scale of enormous things</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="c1eWVnNzE6EEyJweXWOcYHRM1Gff7evr" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

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