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The selling accelerated on major stocks on the markets as bears remained firmly in control of Dalal Street. The <keyword id="6354813" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="nifty">Nifty</keyword> fell to its lowest level since August 2014 as it sank below the 7,600-point mark. Here is a snap shot of what is happening in the cash markets on Monday. BENCHMARKS Nifty fell 0.9% to 7,584 points. <keyword id="6484188" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sensex">Sensex</keyword> dropped 226 points to 24,975 points. 

	MAJOR INDICES

	CNX 100 Index fell 1.1% to 7,718 points.

	CNX 200 down 46 points to 3,986 points.

	CNX 500 fell 1.2% to 6,346 points.

	CNX Mid Cap drops 1.8% to 12,362 points.
 SECTORAL INDICES Bank Nifty down 1.6% to 15,865 points CNX PSU Bank falls 1.4% to 2,883 points CNX Realty drops 1.4% to 156 points CNX <keyword id="34523" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="fmcg">FMCG</keyword> down 1.2% to 19,439 points CNX Auto drops 1% to 7,487 points 

	TOP NIFTY LOSERS

	GAIL

	Coal India

	Idea

	Lupin
 TOP NIFTY GAINERS HDFC Maruti <keyword id="6357157" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Cipla">Cipla</keyword> <keyword id="42747" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tata-Motors">Tata Motors</keyword> 

	NEW LOWS

	Allahabad Bank

	Andhra Bank

	Bhushan Steel

	Coromandel International
 NEW HIGHS Abbott India <keyword id="442339" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Ester-Industries">Ester Industries</keyword> JHS Svendgaard Labs Rama Steel Tubes 

	ADVANCE-DECLINE RATIO

	Nifty: 12/38

	Sensex:5/25

	Futures: 51/109

	Broader Market: 796/1,558

	 
	 
	(Image credits: Indiatimes)

Nifty fell to its lowest level in a year, sank below 7,600

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Virgin Atlantic Airways flew a Boeing 787 across the Atlantic in November using 100% SAF.</li><li>The world first comes as airlines push biofuels as an effective way to decarbonize aviation.</li><li>Critics are not convinced the industry can produce enough SAF by 2050 to make an impact.</li></ul>Virgin Atlantic Airways just operated "Flight100" — the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/transatlantic-flight-green-fuels-takes-off-campaigners-say-gimmick-2023-11">world's first transatlantic commercial flight using 100% sustainable aviation fuel</a>, flying a Boeing 787 Dreamliner from London's Heathrow Airport to New York's JFK Airport with a mix of two different biofuels.These included 88% HEPA — hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids — made from waste fats, and 12% synthetic aromatic kerosene, or SAK, made from plant sugars. Virgin said SAK makes 100% SAF possible because it produces the required aromatic compounds needed to meet engine-performance requirements.This same SAK fuel allowed United Airlines to perform its one-off operation in December 2021 when it <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/united-operates-passenger-flight-with-100-sustainable-aviation-fuel-2021-12">flew the world's first passenger flight using 100% SAF</a> in one engine.Current standards only allow up to 50% SAF in commercial jet engines, though Virgin received special permission to operate Boeing's Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines on the greener fuel. There were no paying passengers on the flight.The historic trek comes as dozens of international regulators push to decarbonize the aviation industry and achieve <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aviation-industry-net-zero-by-2050-disagree-decarbonization-2023-12">net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050</a>.Along with building <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/airbus-new-zero-emission-aircraft-history-of-sustainable-planes-2020-9">more efficient aircraft and engines</a>, SAF has become a key factor in this industry goal. Forty global airlines, including United, Lufthansa, Air France, and Australia's flag carrier Qantas, have all invested in biofuels, according to the International Air Transport Association, or <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/pressroom/presentations/saf-gmd2023/">IATA</a>.<div type="image" title="United Airlines is the first airline in the world to use 100% SAF on a passenger flight." height="724" width="965" msid="106133795" hostid="261" sizebytes="70332"></div>Aviation makes up about 2% of global emissions, according to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/transport/aviation">International Energy Agency</a>. But the IATA estimates that SAF <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iata.org/en/programs/environment/sustainable-aviation-fuels/">could contribute to</a> 65% of reduced aviation emissions by 2050.With a strong focus on sustainability amid the age of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/flight-shaming-threatens-air-travel-demand-beyond-europe-iata-chief-2019-9">"flight shaming" and rising climate-crisis concerns</a>, some experts see Virgin's milestone flight as a significant step forward in the SAF market."I think the Virgin flight is really exciting because it shows it can be done," Andy Williams, a senior associate at law firm Reddie &amp; Grose and former in-house attorney at General Electric, told Business Insider. "The advantage of this kind of fuel is that it will be a direct replacement, so you don't have to go to the expense of radically changing the engine design. That's the good thing about SAF."Commenting on Virgin's public display of SAF capabilities, Richard Branson, the founder of Virgin Group who was on board the flight, boasted the airline's "pioneering spirit" and ability to question the "status quo.""The world will always assume something can't be done until you do it," he said. "The spirit of innovation is getting out there and trying to prove that we can do things better for everyone's benefit."Despite Branson's optimism, the UK does not currently have any commercial SAF plants available — one factor greatly limiting SAF production, though the government <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sustainableaviation.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Update-on-UK-Sustainable-Aviation-Fuel-potential.pdf">said it plans to start construction</a> on five plants by 2025.This lack of infrastructure, combined with costs and other supply-chain factors, has prompted critics to cast doubt on the industry's ability to mass produce the needed amount of SAF by 2050.<h2>Critics are not convinced SAF is a realistic solution</h2><div type="image" title="Sustainable aviation fuel" height="1664" width="2219" msid="106133797" hostid="261" sizebytes="208526"></div>Since Virgin announced its 100% SAF flight, experts and climate activists have debated what it means for the industry.According to data from the accounting firm <a target="_blank" href="https://kpmg.com/uk/en/home/insights/2022/11/sustainable-aviation-fuel.html">KPMG</a>, a surge in SAF supply is expected by 2030 thanks to continued investment in this "waste-to-fuel production," but the market will still be limited due to factors such as feedstock constraints.The firm also noted that future SAF mandates could outrun supply, forcing prices to further spike and turn off buyers. The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aviation-sustainable-fuel-saf-production-challenge-decarbonization-zero-emissions-planes-2023-1">high cost of biofuels is already one major obstacle</a> facing airlines, which have argued that using SAF could lead to higher fares for customers.Some activists have even taken a jab at Virgin, suggesting Flight100 represents an unrealistic way to decarbonize aviation."Unfortunately, running a plane on alternative fuels is less of a breakthrough and more of a gimmick," Alethea Warrington, a senior campaigner at the climate charity Possible, told BI, noting the immense cost and resources needed to meet the industry's 2050 net-zero goal.Leah Ryan, the managing director at the advisory firm Alton Aviation Consultancy's Dublin office, shared data with BI that shows where the industry's SAF production needs to be in the next 26 years to make an impact.According to the data, 500 flights used SAF in 2016. By the end of 2022, that number jumped up to 450,000 flights.Converting that to volume, 80 million liters, or 2 million gallons, and 150 million liters, or 40 million gallons, of SAF were used in each respective year, Ryan said."The big takeaway is if we consider IATA's net-zero goal and its estimate that SAF could account for 65% of all the carbon migration in 2050, that would require an annual production of 450 billion liters of SAF — that's billions," Ryan told BI, noting that SAF only amounts to 0.1% of all fuel airlines consume today.Data from IATA shows the same multibillion-liter number, noting the industry <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iata.org/contentassets/d13875e9ed784f75bac90f000760e998/saf-policy-2023.pdf">spent up to an estimated $510 million</a> extra on SAF in 2022.Ryan reiterated to BI that the lack of resources and the high costs of producing SAF drive its slow development: "We know we have to do this, but what does it mean for us and is it even going to be in our lifetime?"<h2>Virgin has acknowledged the industry's SAF-production challenges</h2><div type="image" title="A crowd of Virgin Atlantic staff including Sir Richard Branson pose in front of Virgin Atlantic's Flight 100" height="3333" width="4444" msid="106133798" hostid="261" sizebytes="1167950"></div>After Flight100 took off from London, Shai Weiss, the CEO of Virgin, acknowledged that "there's simply not enough SAF" available. He further said significant financial support and government backing are imperative in moving the needle.According to the <a target="_blank" href="https://atag.org/industry-topics/sustainable-aviation-fuel#:~:text=Aviation%20is%20pushing%20for%20government,or%20considering%20SAF%20policy%20options.">Air Transport Action Group</a>, around 40 countries already have or are considering implementing SAF-related policies.In the EU, regulators have passed the "RefuelEU aviation initiative" to kickstart the SAF market by placing obligations on fuel suppliers and EU airports regarding biofuel distribution and access.For the US' part, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/09/fact-sheet-biden-administration-advances-the-future-of-sustainable-fuels-in-american-aviation/">Biden administration's</a> "Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge" has set a goal to produce at least 3 billion gallons of SAF a year by 2030.In an IATA report published on Wednesday, the organization said SAF production is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/pressroom/presentations/saf-gmd2023/">estimated to hit 1.875 billion liters</a>, or 495 million gallons, in 2024, up from 625 million liters, or 165 million gallons, in 2023.But according to Williams, getting regulators and the general public to support SAF is going to be a tough road."The whole planet is so wedded to the use of fossil fuels, and they're still readily available — it's not like someone has turned off the tap," he told BI. "Human beings like taking the easy way out, and if they can avoid making a difficult decision, they will. It's human nature."

Virgin Atlantic just operated the world's first transatlantic flight using 100% sustainable aviation fuel. Here's why critics aren't convinced it's game-changing.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The US accounts for 25% of global aircraft emissions.</li><li>Sustainable aviation fuel can be up to 80% less carbon intensive than conventional jet fuel.</li></ul>Of all global aircraft emissions, the US accounts for 25%. There's a goal to reduce that to zero by 2050, but it won't be easy. Aviation is one of the most challenging industries to decarbonize. The batteries we're using to electrify cars are generally too heavy for planes, and hydrogen-powered aircraft are many years off, at least from a commercial point of view. "The aviation sector does not have many options in terms of what it can do," Puneet Dwivedi, a professor at the University of Georgia who has been studying sustainable aviation fuel production, told Insider. "There's a 2,000-pound — 20,000 pounds! — gorilla in the room, and it's fuel. You have to sort out fuel." Sustainable aviation fuel, or SAF, is similar to conventional jet fuel, but it's much less carbon-intensive during its full lifecycle. From production to combustion, it releases up to 80% less carbon dioxide than conventional jet fuel, according to <a href="https://www.iata.org/en/programs/environment/sustainable-aviation-fuels/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">data</a> from the International Air Transport Association. Thanks to its similar physics and chemistry to conventional jet fuel, SAF is a "drop-in" fuel that can be mixed with other fuel and, for the most part, be stored in the same tanks and run in the same engines. It's so easy to swap in, that some industry experts have called it a "<a href="https://qz.com/delta-thinks-airline-carbon-emissions-could-peak-by-202-1849784433" target="_blank" rel="noopener">miracle drug</a>." Problem is, there's not enough. Current US production of sustainable aviation fuel is around 4.5 million gallons per year, according to <a href="https://rhg.com/research/sustainable-aviation-fuels/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recent research</a> by the Rhodium Group. The White House wants to up production to 3 billion gallons by 2030, in order to fully decarbonize aviation by 2050, but that's still not enough to replace the 4 billion gallons of fuel that were consumed in the US in 2022. "There are many refineries that can produce jet fuel from fossil fuel," Chris Cooper, US president of Neste, one of the main producers of SAF globally, told Insider. "There are very few that have seen the vision" of converting to SAF production. SAF is mostly made from chemicals called hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, usually in the form of vegetable oils and used cooking oil. But, as much as Americans like their french fries and donuts, there's still not enough used oil. Luckily, SAF can be made from a lot of other things: trash, wood, carbon dioxide, to name a few. Dwivedi, at the University of Georgia, for example, is working with a process that would turn a mildly poisonous grass called carinata that can be grown in the US into SAF. As more refineries get equipped to produce SAF, and more methods of production get approved, the goal of 3 billion gallons by 2030 is, according to experts, doable. Despite being potentially "miraculous," SAF won't be an overnight switch. It needs to be phased in incrementally. "There's a certain portion of the population that just wants to wait until they have a zero emissions aircraft," Carol Sim, assistant director for the Aviation Sustainability Center, told Insider. "That's not gonna be flying for many, many years to come. But we have this opportunity to have emission reductions before those vehicles are introduced. Because SAF is approved now, it's been used, it's accepted by airlines, it's accepted by the aircraft manufacturers, airports, the governments, globally, it is the immediate thing that we can do to reduce emissions."

Aviation's best bet for cutting emissions is a new kind of fuel &mdash; but there's nowhere near enough of it

<ul class="summary-list"><li>It's a myth that artificial vanilla flavoring comes from castoreum extracted from beaver castor sacs.</li><li>Flavor chemists explain that artificial vanilla flavor is made from synthetic vanillin.</li></ul>From cake mixes and candy to cereal and ice cream, artificial flavorings like vanilla, strawberry, and raspberry can be found in a wide range of processed foods. The FDA <a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/whats-name-what-every-consumer-should-know-about-foods-and-flavors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">doesn't require listing</a> all the ingredients in these additives, which leaves a lot open to interpretation and misunderstanding. For example, in recent years, a claim began spreading like wildfire on the internet that <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-is-artificial-vanilla-made-2016-5">artificial vanilla</a> — and to a certain extent raspberry and strawberry — flavorings <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/03/26/293406191/does-beaver-tush-flavor-your-strawberry-shortcake-we-go-myth-busting" target="_blank" rel="noopener">come from beavers' anal secretions</a>. While shocking and fodder for friendly conversation, the claims were over dramatized and over hyped. So where do these artificial flavorings come from? To find out, we spoke with some flavor chemists about how these artificial flavors are made — and spoiler alert: It doesn't actually involve beaver butts in any capacity whatsoever.<h2>Why most vanilla flavoring is artificial and not natural</h2><div type="image" title="A person in a lab conducting a test on some dark substance." height="1414" width="2121" msid="98502685" hostid="261" sizebytes="58012"></div><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-natural-flavors-really-means-2016-6">Natural flavors</a> come <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=501.22" target="_blank" rel="noopener">from edible sources found in nature</a> like fruits, vegetables, spices, herbs, leaves, and roots, whereas artificial flavors are produced in a lab where certified flavor chemists or "flavorists," experiment with chemical combinations. There are only an estimated 400 or so working certified flavorists worldwide, according to the <a href="https://flavorchemists.com/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Society of Flavor Chemists</a>. The career involves <a href="https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2004/winter/yawhat.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">highly-specialized training</a> for at least seven years and the flavor combinations they study and develop are considered top secret. Luckily, <a href="https://foodsci.oregonstate.edu/users/robert-mc-gorrin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Robert J. McGorrin</a>, PhD, a professor of flavor chemistry at <a href="https://oregonstate.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oregon State University</a> and fellow at the <a href="https://www.acs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Chemical Society</a>, was willing to speak with us. He said, many food companies use artificial flavors because extracting natural flavors from fruits and other plants is labor-intensive and <a href="https://www.ewg.org/foodscores/content/natural-vs-artificial-flavors/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">expensive</a>. And vanilla is no exception.McGorrin said the supply of vanilla beans can't even come close to meeting current demands. Additionally, he noted that the price of vanilla beans fluctuates too much depending on the weather and other factors that affect the crops.Not only can artificial flavors be <a href="https://nutrisci.wisc.edu/2021/07/26/natural-and-artificial-flavors/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sourced faster and at a much lower cost</a>, but they're more consistent and controllable in terms of taste. Natural flavors can vary a lot depending on the climate the plants grew in, how they were harvested, and other factors.<h2>What artificial vanilla flavoring is made from</h2><div type="image" title="Cross section fo a tree." height="1503" width="1995" msid="98502686" hostid="261" sizebytes="666100"></div>Artificial vanilla is made from synthetic vanillin, according to McGorrin. Vanillin is the compound in vanilla beans that gives them their distinct flavor. However, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/vanillin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">less than 0.3%</a> of vanillin used to flavor foods actually comes naturally from vanilla beans, primarily because extracting vanilla beans is a time-consuming, labor-intensive, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vanilla-expensive-stolen-madagascar-2018-9">costly process</a>.Originally, vanillin was <a href="https://www.britannica.com/video/195013/overview-history-chemistry-economics-vanilla" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mainly lab-produced</a> from <a href="https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/e/eugenol.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eugenol</a>, the main ingredient in clove oil. Today, McGorrin said the majority of commercial vanillin is <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26241489/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">synthesized from guaiacol</a> — a natural compound <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/guaiacol" target="_blank" rel="noopener">found in wood smoke and clove oil</a>. Guaiacol is the precursor for vanillin, which means it can mimic its taste because it's involved in a chemical reaction that produces vanillin.McGorrin also noted that a smaller amount of synthetic vanillin is <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01344" target="_blank" rel="noopener">made from lignin</a>, a natural substance <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/experimental-results/article/wood-and-bark-lignin-contents-of-trees-from-deciduous-forests-of-eastern-india/B2ADCABC0F4BD8B424DB41974209B2B5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">found in wood and bark</a>.As for artificial strawberry and raspberry flavors, McGorrin said they're usually made from mixtures of synthetic organic compounds — all of which must be recognized as safe and approved for use in foods."The formulas used to prepare synthetic flavors are closely-held trade secrets," he said. "But these flavors are generally composed of esters, ketones, lactones, and other compounds."For example, a chemical appropriately named "raspberry ketone" — which also occurs naturally in raspberries — is an essential component of artificial raspberry flavor.According to <a href="https://fscn.cfans.umn.edu/people/gary-reineccius" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gary Reineccius</a>, PhD, a flavor chemist and researcher as well as professor emeritus at <a href="https://twin-cities.umn.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The University of Minnesota</a>, artificial flavors typically have the same chemical structure as their naturally occurring counterparts. That explains why these flavors often taste remarkably close to the real thing.Still, you may be able to tell the difference between an artificial and natural flavor. For example, McGorrin said real vanilla contains flavor volatiles — <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/14580" target="_blank" rel="noopener">odor compounds</a> that contribute to a food's taste — which lend a depth of floral, woody, and rum- and bourbon-like notes.Scientists are still working out how to replicate these flavor volatiles, which is why artificial vanilla flavors tend to lack complexity.<h2>No, artificial vanilla, raspberry, and strawberry flavor don't come from beaver butts</h2><div type="image" title="Image of a North American beaver." height="1414" width="2121" msid="98502687" hostid="261" sizebytes="260302"></div>At some point, you may have come across one of the countless <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=7ada867260cb8a60724307f5d9c6a00e1a9e43cb88360b1adc79d9928c75ca5e&amp;postID=6408e67ca5f1ba3313530f37&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2Farticle%2Fbeaver-butt-goo-vanilla-flavoring" target="_blank" rel="noopener">online articles</a> and social media posts suggesting artificial vanilla, raspberry, and strawberry flavors come from castoreum, a chemical compound beavers release to mark their territory. In an <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/a3m885/a-history-of-flavoring-food-with-beaver-butt-juice" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article for Vice</a>, flavor historian <a href="http://nadiaberenstein.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nadia Berenstein</a> wrote that during the '60s and '70s food manufacturers did use very tiny amounts of castoreum to enhance artificial vanilla, strawberry, and raspberry flavors. However, this became significantly less common starting in the '80s as brands sought to make more of their products kosher.As of 2009, the total U.S. consumption of castoreum was only about 292 pounds per year — or about .00000088 pounds per person, according to the 5th edition of <a href="https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/pdf/doi/10.1201/9781439847503-c3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients</a>,What's more, when the <a href="https://www.vrg.org/blog/2011/06/17/beaver-gland-castoreum-not-used-in-vanilla-flavorings-according-to-manufacturers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vegetarian Resource Group (VRG) asked</a> five companies about the ingredients in their vanilla flavorings in 2011, all five stated they don't use castoreum. Not only that, but they all claimed that castoreum is "not used today in any form of vanilla sold for human food use."It's important to note that <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/castoreum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">castoreum</a> doesn't come from a beaver's anus — it comes from the animal's castor sacs. Since these are located very close to their anal glands — right between the pelvis and tail — the substance can contain anal gland secretions and urine. Castoreum has a <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/10915810601120145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sweet, and sometimes musky, scent</a> due to the beavers' diet, which consists mainly of bark and leaves — hence why there's a history of <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17365147/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">using it in perfumes</a>. This also helps explain why flavor scientists turn to natural substances from wood and bark for vanilla flavoring.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum as "generally regarded as safe." It also has the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's stamp of approval for use in foods.Still, rest assured that castoreum's use in artificial flavoring is extremely rare and<a href="https://www.insider.com/worst-animal-science-myths-2016-8#myth-there-are-bugs-in-your-strawberry-frappuccino-1"> mostly myth</a>. The reason being it's just too scarce, McGorrin said."If you think about this from an economic and supply chain perspective, there is no commercial source of beaver castor sacs," McGorrin said.Castoreum can only be obtained by anesthetizing a beaver and "milking" its castor gland. McGorrin noted that earlier in the 20th century, an abundance of beaver farms existed to supply the fur and felt hat trades. However, as the popularity of natural fur has waned, there's no longer an industry to make acquiring castoreum feasible. If food companies relied on castoreum for artificial flavoring, there would likely be constant shortages of their products — which would then skyrocket in price. Nowadays, there are many more widely available as well as cost-effective alternatives to castoreum, Reineccius said.

No, artificial vanilla flavoring doesn't come from beaver butts. Flavor scientists explain.

<ul><li><keyword id="10930883" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="laxmi-organic">Laxmi Organic</keyword> has launched its ₹600 crore initial public offer (IPO) today, and it will be open for subscription till March 17.</li><li>The price band is fixed at ₹129-130, and each lot consists of 115 equity shares.</li><li>Analysts are bullish on the company, pointing out its strengths and strategic measures undertaken.</li><li>The company has proposed to use the proceeds of the IPO towards capital expenditure for setting up new facilities and expanding its capacities.</li></ul> Laxmi Organic has kicked off its initial public offer (IPO) worth ₹600 crore today, March 15. It joins companies like Anupam Rasayan, Craftsman Automation, EaseMyTrip, MTAR Technologies among others. Laxmi Organic Industries Ltd’s initial share sale is now open and will be live till March 17, with a price band of ₹129-130. Each lot consists of 115 shares. A total of 4.65 crore shares are available for subscription in the IPO. 50% of the issue is reserved for qualified institutional buyers (QIB), 15% for non-institutional bidders and the remaining 35% for retail investors. The proceeds of the IPO are proposed to be used for repayment of certain borrowings, capital expenditure towards setting up a production facility, funding capital expenditure requirements towards expanding of specialty intermediates manufacturing facility, among other things. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What is the business of Laxmi Organic?" comment="subhead" text="What is the business of Laxmi Organic?">What is the business of Laxmi Organic?</cmsannotation> Laxmi Organic is one of the largest manufacturers of ethyl acetate, which is used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, cleaning mixtures and perfumes. Laxmi Organics is also the only manufacturer of diketene derivatives in India. Founded in 1989, Laxmi Organic is based in Mumbai and is a part of the Goenka Group. It has over three decades of experience in large scale manufacturing of chemicals. Currently, it is the largest manufacturer of ethyl acetate in India, with a market share of 30%. Its market share will be further augmented after the acquisition of Yellowstone Chemicals. At the moment, Laxmi Organic’s product line is divided in two categories – Acetyl Intermediates (AI) and Specialty Intermediates (SI). The AI category includes ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, fuel-grade ethanol and other proprietary solvents. Specialty Intermediates comprises ketene, diketene derivatives namely esters, acetic anhydride, amides, arylides and other chemicals. Its current manufacturing capacity totals to 2.39 lakh metric tonnes per annum, with each chemical having its dedicated manufacturing facility. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Here are some of the clients of Laxmi Organic" comment="subhead" text="Here are some of the clients of Laxmi Organic">Here are some of the clients of Laxmi Organic</cmsannotation> Laxmi Organic has clients in over 30 countries, including Netherlands, China, Russia, Singapore, UAE, UK and USA. Its clients include Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, <keyword id="672367" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Granules-India">Granules India</keyword>, Hetero Labs, Heubach Colour, Mylan Laboratories, Huhtamaki India, among others. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Brokerage </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Recommendation </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Motilal Oswal </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Prabhudas Lilladher </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe for long term </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">GEPL Capital </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Hem Securities </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Capital Market </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Arihant Capital </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Subscribe </td></tr></tbody></table> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Laxmi Organic – strengths and strategies" comment="subhead" text="Laxmi Organic – strengths and strategies">Laxmi Organic – strengths and strategies</cmsannotation> Leading manufacturer of ethyl acetate Laxmi Organic is one of the largest manufacturers of ethyl acetate with a market share of 30% in India. “Ethyl acetate is a highly versatile solvent used in multiple applications across industries. It is derived from nonaromatic raw materials. The bio-based origin of ethyl acetate gives it a distinct identity and makes it a preferred solvent over traditional solvents,” stated an <keyword id="6375760" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="axis-capital">Axis Capital</keyword> report. Only Indian manufacturer of diketene derivatives It is also the only Indian manufacturer of diketene derivatives. This is a significant strength as India has traditionally imported the chemical. Due to its research and development efforts, Laxmi Organic has captured 55% of the revenue share in the Indian market. Diversified customer base Laxmi Organic customers are spread across various sectors like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes and <keyword id="1540974" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pigments">pigments</keyword>, inks and coatings, paints among others. Pharmaceuticals is the biggest contributor to its top line, with a share of 35.7% of the company’s total revenue. Strategically located manufacturing facilities, vertical integration and supply chain efficiencies Laxmi Organic currently has two manufacturing facilities in Maharashtra, which are in close proximity to several ports, including major ones like Jawaharlal Nehru (Nhava Sheva) Port, JSW port and Mumbai port. The company also has distilleries located near sugar mills in Maharashtra, giving them easy access to supply for molasses. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/craftsman-automation-has-launched-its-824-crore-initial-public-offer-ipo-in-stock-market-in-india/articleshow/81506486.cms">The ₹824-crore Craftsman Automation IPO opens today – should you subscribe?</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/the-760-crore-anupam-rasayan-ipo-has-received-a-mixed-response-from-brokerages-heres-what-works-for-it-and-what-doesnt/articleshow/81462495.cms">The ₹760-crore Anupam Rasayan IPO has received a mixed response from brokerages — here's what works for it and what doesn't</a>

Laxmi Organic kicks off its ₹600 crore IPO – should you subscribe?

New Delhi, Aug 29 (IANS) The mysterious death of late actor, Sushant Singh Rajput now has an accompanying narcotics angle with drug cartels being raided, in its latest report, the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) is grappling with the issue of diversion of precursors or chemical entities as mundane as potassium permanganate used for water treatment and fruit preservation which are misused by traffickers to manufacture cocaine. The investigation into Rajput's death has again brought into the focus the issue of recreational drugs with his girlfriend Rhea Chakraborty alleging that the late actor was on marijuana for some time. In addition, there are WhatsApp conversations between Chakraborty and associates seeking recreational drugs which have brought into focus the drug link in Bollywood and how it is being so widely used. There are also conspiracy theories that a drug trafficker based in the Middle East had something to do with Rajput's death. NCB in its latest report on "Drug situation in India and contributing factors" shared with BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) enforcement agencies highlighted the misuse of such chemical entities diverted for drugs trafficking and the need for enhanced cooperation between the leading emerging markets countries. Highlighting the dual use of precursors, NCB has flagged the issue of how chemicals used for otherwise legitimate purposes can be subverted and misused to manufacture narcotics. For instance, acetic anhydride is used legally in chemical and pharmaceutical industry as a textile sizing agent, manufacture of paracetamol (aspirin), production of brake fluids and production of dyes but can be diverted for illegal use to make heroin. Similarly, potassium permanganate is widely used for water treatment, fruit preservation, synthesis of organic compounds and medical use but can be misused to make cocaine. Anthranilic acid is used in the production of Azo dyes and saccharin and for esters used in making perfumes but can be misused for making methaqualone (Mandrax). Similarly, N-acetyl Anthranilic acid, an organic compound which gets metabolized into anthranilic acid can also be used to make mandrax. Ephedrine is used in medicines (stimulant, bronchodilator, increase BP) can be diverted to make narcotic substance, ATS and pseudoephedrine used in medicines (nasal decongestant) is also an ingredient for ATS. The NCB has been flagging the issue that seizures of precursors have not kept pace with the seizures of the end-product. The reasons are evident as India has a robust pharma industry which opens the possibility of diversion of precursors. The seizures made by the NCB reflect diversion towards Myanmar (even sourced from China), diversion to Africa and Afghanistan and shift towards designer precursors to evade detection for which continuous monitoring is undertaken. On enhanced cooperation between BRICS countries, NCB highlighted real time sharing of information, focal points/nodal officers and multi faceted workable inputs having tele subscribers/IPs. It also called for a focus on money laundering aspects, mechanisms for postal interdictions, use of control delivery mechanism and sharing of best practices. India took the lead in early warning system generated alerts of misuse and diversion of Tramadol. "Most of the tramadol seized worldwide in the period 2012-2016 originated in India and China. There were significant seizures of Tramadol by India and other countries. The major drug trafficking routes are some of the neighbouring countries. In the land route, it is spread across borders. On the north and north west border (neighbouring Pakistan). The north-east border includes (neighbouring Myanmar, Bangladesh) and Northern border (neighbouring Nepal). The maritime route for trafficking is through the Arabian Sea (Heroin, Meth, Cocaine) and Bay of Bengal (Heroin, Meth). The air route constitutes of human carriers and concealment in baggage and body. In addition, there is the postal route and the Dark Net route used for drug trafficking. --IANS san/in

After drug angle in SSR case, NCB warns of diversion of widely-used chemicals in narcotics-making

<ul><li>The influencers include dignitaries such as <keyword id="6354361" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kiran-Bedi">Kiran Bedi</keyword> and Ravi Shankar Prasad and many prominent women leaders. </li><li>The list comprises influencers from diverse industries such as financial services, startups, HR, social impact, and IT Services. </li><li>Indian contributors are three times more likely to respond to comments on posts and received over ten times more engagement in the past year.</li></ul>Social media platform <keyword id="28120" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Linkedin">LinkedIn</keyword> has put out its third annual list of 25 most-influential voices for India that has featured Indian dignitaries like Kiran Bedi, Ravi Shankar Prasad and several other prominent women leaders like Debjani Ghosh, Pooja Kapur, Ester Martinez, and Sairee Chahal. The list features contributors who have shaped industry opinion, analysed key trends, and used the platform in innovative ways inspiring other professionals to join conversations and share opinions. The influencers hail from diverse industries such as financial services, startups, HR, social impact, and IT Services who are industry leaders writing about a range of topics from HR policies and work culture to data privacy, women issues, entrepreneurship, and technology. Influencers who made to the list for the first time include <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kiran-bedi-15154b57/">Kiran Bedi</a>, Lt. Governor of Puducherry and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravishankarprasad/">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a>, Minister for Law &amp; Justice &amp; Electronics &amp; IT of India, who have regularly shared updates on the progress they are making regarding government campaigns such as <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6465414101538566144">Digital India</a> campaign and have been vocal about the growing security concerns with the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/whatsapp-building-india-team-to-curb-fake-news-but-government-is-not-satisfied/articleshow/65292048.cms">spread of fake news</a> via social platforms. The contributors have shared opinions on trending topics such as <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/orbits-ankur-warikoo/">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/womens-way-leading-sairee-chahal/">women in leadership roles</a>,<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6440158559043973120">developments in technology</a>, and the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6405420129366179840">startup ecosystem</a> that have kickstarted engaging industry discussions. The posts that performed exceptionally well and earned the highest social signals and public engagement include <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sidpai/">Siddharth Pai’s</a> article on ‘<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/limbic-thought-artificial-intelligence-siddharth-sid-pai/">Limbic thought and artificial intelligence</a>’ and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vartika-kashyap-30653245/">Vartika Kashyap's</a> article on ‘<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/morning-habits-keep-my-productivity-levels-sky-high-vartika-kashyap/">Morning Habits That Keep My Productivity Levels Sky High</a>’. Also, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/warikoo/?originalSubdomain=in">Ankur Warikoo’s</a> video series <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/content/?keywords=%23WarikooWednesdays&amp;origin=GLOBAL_SEARCH_HEADER">#WarikooWednesdays</a> has drawn more than 44,000 video views and more than 1,000 social signals. Here’s the full list: <ul><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/swatyaggrawal/">Swati Agarwal</a>, General Manager, Social Venture Partners</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tamal-bandyopadhyay-818b2b9/">Tamal Bandyopadhyay</a>, Consulting Editor, Business Standard</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kiran-bedi-15154b57/">Kiran Bedi</a>, Lt Governor, Puducherry, Government of Puducherry</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sairee/">Sairee Chahal</a>, Founder, CEO Sheroes</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/schandra100/">Subhash Chandra</a>, Founder, CrowdWisdom360</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/annesha-dutta/">Annesha Dutta</a>, Consultant &amp; Corporate Trainer- Communications &amp; Branding</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/debjani-ghosh-48298b1/">Debjani Ghosh</a>, President, <keyword id="6372077" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="nasscom">NASSCOM</keyword></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jraja/">Raja Jamalamadaka</a>, Leadership coach, Advisor to startups</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/poojakap/">Pooja Kapur</a>, Ambassador of India to Bulgaria and Macedonia</li><li><a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/vartika-kashyap-30653245">Vartika Kashyap</a>, Marketing Manager, ProofHub</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/estermartinez/">Ester Martinez</a>, CEO &amp; Editor-in-Chief at People Matters</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/hansimehrotra/">Hansi Mehrotra</a>, Founder, The Money Hans</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/menonpurnima/">Purnima Menon</a>, CMO, Microland Limited</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/procyon/">Procyon Mukherjee</a>, Chief Procurement Officer, LafargeHolcim</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sidpai/">Siddharth Pai</a>, Founder and General Partner, Siana Capital</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jayashreepatnaik/">Jayashree Patnaik</a>, Chief Strategy Officer, CFA Technologies</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravishankarprasad/">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a>, Minister for Law &amp; Justice &amp; Electronics &amp; IT of India</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/pooja-sareen-23874151/">Pooja Sareen</a>, Editor in Chief &amp; Co-founder at Inc 42</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/limasehgal/">Lima Sehgal</a>, Senior HR Advisor &amp; job market specialist</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kunalshah1/">Kunal Shah</a>, Advisor to the Board, Bennett Coleman and Co. Ltd.</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/riteshbusinesseconomist/">Ritesh Kumar Singh</a>, Founder and Chief Economist, Indonomics Consulting</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tapansinghel/">Tapan Singhel</a>, Managing Director and CEO, <keyword id="113665" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance">Bajaj Allianz General Insurance</keyword> Co. Ltd. </li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/thesomani/">Amit Somani</a>, Managing Partner, Prime Venture Partners</li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/harimrinal23577532/?originalSubdomain=in">Hari T. N</a>, Head HR, <keyword id="964794" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="BigBasket">BigBasket</keyword></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/warikoo/">Ankur Warikoo</a>, Cofounder &amp; CEO, <a href="http://nearbuy.com/">nearbuy.com</a></li></ul>

Here are the 25 most influential people on LinkedIn in India

Gain a better understanding of how COVID-19 has impacted business around the world. Join us for the inaugural Business Insider Global Trends Festival, a five-day virtual event with more than 60 hours of content. We're bringing together business leaders from Asia, Europe, the US, and the UK onto four virtual stages for a truly global perspective. From live talks to dedicated workshops, the week's programming will be insightful, thought-provoking, and surprising — and accessible from your office or home office.<h2>Buy tickets for the event <a href="https://trendsfestival.com/en/tickets-for-trends-festival.html?utm_source=tf_usa&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=ticketn=ticket">here.</a></h2>This year's speakers are experts in their fields, and more are signing up to participate every week, so watch this space for updates. Check out the lineup so far:<ul><li>Reed Hastings, CEO and co-founder, Netflix</li><li>Nouriel Roubini, Economist</li><li>Blake Chandlee, Vice President-Global Business Solutions, TikTok US + EU</li><li>Sebastian Thrun, Founder, Udacity; Founder, Google X</li><li>Wolfgang Ischinger, Chairman, Munich Security Conference</li><li>Prashanth Chandrasekar, CEO, Stack Overflow</li><li>Adena T. Friedman, President and CEO, NASDAQ, Inc</li><li>Robert Lewandowski, Footballer, investor and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador</li><li>Michael Miebach, President and CEO-Elect, Mastercard</li><li>Jennifer Jordan, Professor of Leadership and Organizational Behavior, IMD</li><li>Shéhérazade Semsar-de Boisséson, CEO, POLITICO.EU</li><li>Poppy Gustafsson, CEO, Darktrace</li><li>Sergio P. Ermotti, CEO, UBS Group</li><li>Carlos Watson, CEO and co-founder, OZY Media </li><li>Alexa von Bismarck, Country Manager Germany, Adyen</li><li>Christoph Franz, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Roche Holding</li><li>Mathias Döpfner, CEO, Axel Springer SE</li><li>Audrey Tang, Digital Minister, Taiwan</li><li>Alain Dehaze, CEO, Adecco Group</li><li>Marc Walder, CEO, Ringier AG</li><li>Prof. Marcel Salathé, Epidemiologist</li><li>Philip Vanhoutte, Founder, Ozadi</li><li>Jean-Francois Manzoni, President, IMD in Lausanne</li><li>Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Strategy Professor, Harvard Business School</li><li>Bob Dignen, Director, York Associates</li><li>Ritesh Agarwal, Founder and CEO (group), OYO Hotels &amp; Homes</li><li>David Folkerts-Landau, Group Chief Economist, Deutsche Bank</li><li>Dr. Friedrich von Bohlen und Halbach, Managing partner and co-founder, Hopp BioTech Holding GmbH &amp; co. KG.</li><li>Hannes Schmid, Photographer, Philanthropist, Founder of Smiling Gecko</li><li>Christian Lindener, Head of Airbus BizLab</li><li>Deepak Parekh, Chairman, HDFC Ltd. </li><li>Roksana Ciurysek-Gedir, Founder of Possible X</li><li>Geoff Ramsey, Chief Evangelist Officer, Co-Founder, Insider Intelligence</li><li>Shinichiro Isago, Director of AI, LINE</li><li>Ajay Piramal, Chairman, Piramal Group</li><li>Koen Gonnissen, Partner, Coach and Trainer, Mentally Fit</li><li>Ray Dalio, Founder, Co-CIO, Co-Chairman of Bridgewater Associates</li><li>Laura A. Hambley, President, Co-Founder of EvOHlution</li><li>Mukesh Aghi, President and CEO, USISPF</li><li>Markus Krebber, CFO, RWE</li><li>Tarek Müller, Co-founder and Co-CEO, ABOUT YOU</li><li>Arndt Rolfs, Founder and CEO, CENTOGENE</li><li>Kristin Peck, CEO, Zoetis</li><li>Mark Mader, President and CEO, Smartsheet</li><li>Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Former Trader, Risk Specialist and Best-Selling Author</li><li>Özgür Burak Akkol, Chairman of the Board, President of the Turkish Employers' Association of Metal Industries (MESS)</li><li>Seiko Noda, Chairperson of the Committee on Budget, Member of the House of Representatives</li><li>Takuya Miyata, Founding Partner, Scrum Ventures</li><li>Werner Baumann, Chairman of the Board Management, Bayer AG</li><li>Boyan Slat, CEO and Founder, The Ocean Cleanup</li><li>Panos Panay, Microsoft Chief Product Officer</li><li>Shin Murakami, Japan Country Manager, LinkedIn</li><li>Nick Bloom, Professor of economics, Stanford University</li><li>Keiko Hamada, Executive Editor-in-Chief, Business Insider Japan</li><li>Niklas Östberg, Co-Founder and CEO, Delivery Hero</li><li>Shada Islam, New Horizons Project</li><li>Philipp Peitsch, Managing Director, Idealo</li><li>Mark T. Maybury, CTO, Stanley Black &amp; Decker</li><li>Markus Duesmann, CEO, AUDI</li><li>Claudia Kessler, Visionary Founder Space Ambassador, CEO Astronautin GmbH</li><li>Ester Asin, Director for WWF's European Policy Office</li><li>Brunon Bartkiewicz, CEO, ING Bank Śląski, Poland</li><li>Marcin Lewenstein, InnoEnergy Innovation Officer, Thematic Field Leader-Energy for Circular Economy</li><li>Richard Mosley, Employer Brand Author and Chief Strategist, Universum</li><li>Tom Hidvegi, Creative Strategy Director for Coca-Cola, Central and Eastern Europe</li><li>Dariusz Mazurkiewicz, President of the Management Board, BLIK</li><li>Anna Brussa, Design Partner, EIT Climate-KIC</li><li>Lee Olesky, CEO, Tradeweb <keyword id="31671" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="markets">Markets</keyword> Inc.</li><li>Dorian Gorr, Co-founder, Veritas Entertainment</li><li>Stav Erez, Partner, Labs/O2</li><li>Filip Thon, CEO, Innogy Polska S.A.</li><li>Beata Mońka, Business Partner, Business Partnering Solutions, Ringier Axel Springer Polska</li><li>Satoshi Sugie, CEO, WHILL Inc.</li><li>Hiltrud Dorothea Werner, Member of the Board of management of Volkswagen AG for Integrity and Legal Affairs</li><li>Ugur Sahin, Co-founder, BioNTech</li><li>Romanus Otte, Editor in Chief and Managing Director, Business Insider Deutschland GmbH</li><li>Inga Michler, Journalist, Writer</li><li>Leonard Stiegeler, Founder of Pulse</li><li>Sohn Young, Corporate President and Chief Strategy Officer, Samsung Electronics, and Chairman of the Board for HARMAN</li><li>Phil Graves, Vice President, Corporate Development at Patagonia</li><li>Maximillian Jell, Head of Regulatory Affairs and Reduced Risk Products</li><li>Lukas Stricker, CEO of Gravity Global AG</li><li>Nikolay Kolev, Managing Director of WeWork</li><li>Brian Brackeen, General Partner, Lightship Capital</li><li>Lyinoluwa Aboyeji, General Partner oand Co-founder of Future Africa</li><li>Stuart Kronauge, Chief Marketing Officer at Beyond Meat</li><li>Manny Maceda, Worldwide Managing Partner of Bain &amp; Company</li><li>Krijn de Nood, CEO and co-founder, Meatable</li><li>Carlos Nueno, President International, Teladoc Health</li><li>Marek Andryszak, CEO, TUI Deutschland</li></ul>

Announcing BI Global Trends Festival 2020 speakers: Don't miss Reed Hastings, Carlos Watson, Nouriel Roubini, Jennifer Jordan, and more!

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Noble Experiment in Brooklyn, NY is New York City's first <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/rum">rum</a>-only <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/distillery">distillery</a> since before Prohibition.</li><li>Founder Bridget Firtle named Owney's rum after a famed New York rum runner and gangster, Owen Madden.</li><li>We visited The Noble Experiment distillery to see how it makes its signature rum.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a> </li></ul>Following is a transcript of the video. Narrator: You might not guess it, but here, on an empty street in Brooklyn, there is a rum distillery. Founded in 2012, The Noble Experiment is New York City's first rum-only producer since Prohibition. We got a peek inside to see how they're bringing rum back to the Big Apple after nearly a century.Bridget Firtle: We mash everything by hand. We measure everything out by hand. We pump everything from the mash tank to the fermenters.Narrator: That's Bridget Firtle, the founder and head distiller at The Noble Experiment. She taught herself how to distill rum by watching videos and reading books.Firtle: One-hundred percent of the distillation process is done by hand as well. We pick and choose specifically what distillate we want in terms of flavor profile, proof, and aroma.Narrator: After two years of research, Bridget began experimenting on stills she imported from Germany. It took her about three months to come up with the recipe for Owney's, her signature rum.Owney's is made with just three ingredients: New York City tap water, molasses, and yeast. The molasses comes in from Florida and Louisiana. One batch of rum takes about 300 liters of molasses. The water and molasses are mixed together and heated in a process known as mashing. The liquid is cooled and the yeast is added in. The three ingredients are fermented in 75-degree cold tanks for six to eight days.During fermentation, the yeast turns the sugars into alcohol and esters, which are essentially the flavor profile. Throughout the process, Bridget checks for pH levels and specific gravity so she can see just how much of the sugar was actually converted to alcohol. By the end, there's no sugar remaining. The resulting wash is pumped into a pot-column still, where a process called low rectification distillation occurs.Firtle: We make our hearts cut at about 164 proof, which accounts for more heavy alcohol molecules and more flavor profile in the distillate, as opposed to a neutral cane spirit or a pure ethanol spirit.Narrator: That 164 proof is blended back in with New York City tap water to get to 80 proof, or 40% alcohol by volume. The finished product is then bottled up, and finally, one by one, the team labels the bottles. The whole process takes between eight and 10 days from start to finish, and it's a process that hasn't been legally attempted in New York City in nearly 100 years.Commercial rum distilling first appeared in the United States on Staten Island, New York, in 1664. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, it expanded up and down the Eastern Seaboard until the Sugar Act slowed American rum production in 1764.By the early 1800s, rum distilling had regained its footing, and producers in New York City popped up next to sugar refineries. But then came a perfect storm: the War of 1812, the Civil War, and, finally, Prohibition, taking effect in 1920, ultimately toppled the legal rum industry in New York City.During Prohibition, thirsty and desperate New Yorkers turned to rum produced in the Caribbean, where the spirit was first distilled in the 17th century. Gangsters, nicknamed rum runners, would drop anchor off the coast of New York and smuggle the illicit Caribbean rum into the city. Rum running went on until the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. But rum distilling wouldn't return to New York City for another 80 years.Firtle: I had this aha moment where I'm like, I see American distilling, I see crafts beer, I see this industry growing and I think that there should be a place for rum in it and I think that rum is being neglected within it.Narrator: Bridget is a born and bred New Yorker. She grew up in a house with a speakeasy in the basement in Rockaway, Queens. She started her career on Wall Street, but in 2011, she saw an opportunity. No one was making rum in New York City. So she quit her high-paying finance job, moved back in with her parents, and took a gamble on the city's first rum-only distillery in nearly a century.Firtle: My mom thought I was crazy, leaving this successful dream job on Wall Street to go drive a forklift around a distillery and make rum.Narrator: To pay homage to the city's rum roots, Bridget named her rum Owney's after notorious New York rum runner and gangster Owen Madden.Firtle: I'm like, hey, rum hustler had an estate in my hometown, badass New Yorker, OK, this makes sense. Like, we'll go with that, he's our inspiration.Narrator: And Bridget's gamble paid off. Owney's rum won multiple awards from the New York International Spirits Competition and the San Francisco Spirits Competition. And Bridget herself was even put on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list.Today, Bridget and her team make three kinds of rum, and they have the capacity to fill 240,000 bottles a year. But she's a small-batch distiller, working to introduce New York rum to an already well-established category. Two brands, Bacardi and Captain Morgan, control the majority of market share in the US rum industries. And in 2018, rum sales dipped by 1% across the board, lagging behind other spirits, such as tequila. But high-end brands like Owney's have been saving the rum category. The premium rum segment has grown by 57% in the last five years.Firtle: The American rum category is dominated by literally two liquids that are commercially made, and I really wanted to help use a local product and my story and a liquid to change perception on what rum is.Narrator: And she's doing just that in the city that needed a little reminder of its rum roots.Firtle: I had this dream, this vision, to bring rum distilling back to New York, make a really interesting, flavorful, and complex white rum. Seven years later, people finally understand the concept of making rum and what I'm doing here, and what I'm trying to do in sort of leading a rum revolution in the US again, and so it's been real fun journey. Cheers.

Inside New York City's first rum-only distillery since the Prohibition

The action in markets has shifted beyond the benchmarks on Wednesday. While the <keyword id="6354813" type="COMPANY" weightage="80" keywordseo="nifty">Nifty</keyword> and the <keyword id="6484188" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Sensex">Sensex</keyword> move between gains and losses during the late afternoon session, traders are concentrating their attention to other indices. Here is a snapshot of the wider cash market. 
 
MAJOR INDICES: 
 
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Nifty">Nifty</a> fell 0.3% to 7,764 points 
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Sensex">Sensex</a> lost 85 points to 25,610 levels 
 
 
BROADER INDICES: 
CNX 100 Index fell 0.3% to 7,917 points 
CNX 200 Index down 0.2% to 4,089 points 
CNX 500 Index down 0.2% to 6,512 points 
 
 
SECTOR INDICES 
Bank Nifty fell 1.3% to 16,314 points 
CNX Auto Index down 1% to 7,664 points 
CNX Finance lost 1.6% to 6,676 points 
CNX PSU Bank dropped 2.7% to 2,975 points 
 
CNX IT Index rose 1.8% to 11,684 points 
CNX FMCG Index gained 1.4% to 20,044 points 
CNX Metal Index added 0.4% to 1,777 points 
 
TOP NIFTY GAINERS 
Tech Mahindra 
Idea 
TCS 
UltraTech 
 
TOP NIFTY LOSERS 
M&amp;M 
BHEL 
PNB 
Power Grid 
 
NEW HIGHS 
Abbott India 
Dishman Pharma 
Ester Industries 
 
NEW LOWS 
Andhra Cements 
Bank of India 
EID Parry 
Federal Bank 
 
ADVANCE-DECLINE RATIOS 
NIFTY: 17/33 
SENSEX: 10/20 
FUTURES: 80/79 
BROADER MARKET: 1,208/1,303 
 
Image credit: Indiatimes

Here's how the Cash Markets are doing

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">YouTubeEsther Bahne, BMW-Mini's head of impact ventures.</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>BMW and Mini have announced their 5th class of startups in their URBAN-X lab in Brooklyn, New York. </li><li>Esther Bahne, BMW Group's head of impact ventures, said the selection process is incredibly competitive.</li><li>It's all about taking risks on emerging companies, she said, rather than just buying startups to eliminate competition or bolster their offerings. </li><li>Mini is also building an apartment building in Shanghai as it transitions into more lifestyle offerings.</li></ul>When BMW's sub-brand Mini arrived in Brooklyn to establish a technology incubator and accelerator in 2017, it took a different approach to the Silicon Valley norm.Today, its A/D/O (an acronym derived from Mini's original Amalgamated Drawing Office) space in Brooklyn's hip Williamsburg neighborhood isn't full of the company's branding, nor does it look much like the countless WeWork buildings and similar spaces that dot the area.Speaking to a group of journalists in the sun-drenched building - most of which is made up by a public space, a coffee shop, art gallery, and high-end restaurant - Ester Bahne, BMW's head of impact ventures and brand strategy for Mini, explained the company's approach to innovation. "Obviously we knew about the disruptions that were coming for the car industry, and we were in the middle of it," Bahne told a group of journalists. And while some of her team's recommendations, like making more electric Mini models and changing sales strategies, are similar to moves other old-guard automakers are making in order to stay relevant, the other arm of her team's mission involves zero cars whatsoever: making mini into a lifestyle brand.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Graham Rapier/Business Insider</div></div></div><h2>A brand beyond cars</h2>Through its now five classes of startups, Mini is clearly thinking beyond a traditional notion of an automobile and its function in our lives. Executives are quick to boast that the selection process for the incubator is more competitive than the famous YCombinator, which accepts about 1.5% of applicants.Seven companies have joined the A/D/O accelerator for its newest cohort, it announced Wednesday. The group spans a wide range of products and services from Free Ride, a free service offering rides in electric golf-carts to and from events, to GreenQ, which uses digital analytics to improve trash collection, and Borrow, a peer-to-peer vehicle rental app."Our teams are with them in the trenches every day," Bahne said. "They have business support, they have financial advisors. I mean, we have to get them onto a stage on demo day in front of millions of dollars in a room, so they have to have their shit down." This is a key distinction for Mini, according to Bahne. Other automakers are snapping up small companies to make headlines, add to their product line, take competition off the market, or do all three.Ford, for example, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ford-is-buying-scooter-startup-spin-2018-11">recently did this with its buyout of scooter startup Spin</a>. Other automakers have purchased <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gm-cruise-division-new-ceo-dan-ammann-2018-11">self-driving startups, mapping companies, and more for high prices in recent years.</a>Mini in contrast is making small, early stage investments in companies that could very well fail when their products finally go to market. "For what we want to do, it is not a smart idea to take them off the market," Bahne said. "It's a really smart idea to have them on the market and make exactly those connections so we can understand where it's going, and be there for the ride."<h2>Mini wants to be a lifestyle brand - starting with apartments</h2>Mini's plans for its diversification don't end with mobility either - it wants to be in every part of your life, even your home. Armed with an array of sampling data, the company saw three major trends that customers valued more than mobility. At the top of the list was living, followed by style and experiences.So the team set out to create Mini Living - a high-flying luxury apartment building in Shanghai, which aims to take the design-thinking process used by Mini to create its first car in as little space as possible, beyond the commute."The idea is that you live on a small personal footprint, but have shared amenities like a great kitchen and community lounge," explained Bahne. "It's like a luxury flat-share, but you can still close your door and still have your bathroom."Mini hopes to set up coworking and design spaces similar to A/D/O in Shanghai and other future Mini Living sites. Similar to Brooklyn, these will also be a fusion of office space with public areas."The mobility space is just damn exciting right now," Bahne said. "Yes, there are a lot of players out there, but I think we have a very good shot at coming up with quite a few that will work."<h2>Here's the full list of URBAN-X's 2018 cohort: </h2><ul type="disc"><li><a href="http://thefreeride.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://thefreeride.com/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNHCsfLFsRc0xXQ3hkTaRCyAd8UnXA">The Free Ride</a> - The Free Ride is an all-electric, short-range, ridesharing company providing city-goers with free, sustainable <keyword id="34991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="transportation">transportation</keyword>.</li><li><a href="https://joinborrow.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://joinborrow.com/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNG6Sy2c7VSIpSuPn_HUr__fCTInGg">Borrow</a> - Borrow is bridging the gap between leasing, ownership and on-demand ridesharing by providing short term electric vehicle leasing.</li><li><a href="https://shopthrilling.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://shopthrilling.com/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGMcW4WZ3wcXmy95m4owmhdHi-oig">Thrilling</a> - Thrilling is reducing carbon, waste and water footprints by encouraging the reuse of clothing through vintage and second-hand store online marketplaces.</li><li><a href="https://www.treau.cool/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.treau.cool/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEXKrfhzKqunqSTrsPwXHdjos4maA">Treau</a> - Treau is building advanced climate control systems to bring sustainable, comfortable, and efficient cooling and heating to buildings everywhere.</li><li><a href="https://greenq.gq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://greenq.gq/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNF9mgZTYVsYjj35AmDWRH3Eyup52Q">GreenQ</a> - GreenQ is creating truck-based waste analytics systems to improve logistics, diversion and recycling.</li><li><a href="https://www.toggle.is/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.toggle.is/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNF7SVHKDGQaH1OrJak-TfcLEDGzzA">Toggle</a> - Toggle is building an automated process that utilizes software and industrial robotics to reduce costs and increase productivity of rebar cages used in reinforced steel projects.</li><li><a href="https://gearbuddy.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://gearbuddy.io/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1544034083574000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEd7oZpV3LcZfSev2NVTe8r4e4JrQ">Gearbuddy</a> - GearBuddy uses IoT and machine learning to digitize every aspect of construction, including equipment, to make construction more efficient, effective and safer.</li></ul> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/computer-technician-built-life-size-rc-delorean-knight-rider-corvette-2018-11">How a computer technician turned his sixth-generation Corvette into a fully remote-controllable sports car</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

The head of BMW's impact ventures explains how the auto giant is moving beyond the car - and how building apartments will help it get there

<ul class="summary-list"><li>We made a <keyword id="281888" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Big-Mac">Big Mac</keyword> Using all 54 <keyword id="6378093" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mcdonalds">Mcdonald's</keyword> Ingredients.</li><li>The resulting Big Mac cost over $100 but wasn't as far off as you might expect.</li><li>The Big Mac Sauce was hard to replicate, as was the pillowiness of the bun.</li></ul>Following is a transcript of the <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword>.Harry: This is a Big Mac. And this is everything that's in a Big Mac. Welcome to <keyword id="41941" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="fast-food">Fast Food</keyword> Chemistry.Now, I've been desperate to try an authentic American Big Mac, but unfortunately there's no way I can get my hands on one in the UK. The simple solution was to get ahold of every ingredient which goes into one -- there are over 50 -- and then to build one myself.Joe: Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. You're not making a US Big Mac without me. I'm going to oversee this whole operation to see how close you actually get. What I love about this show is that it combines all the things I love about making <keyword id="6181" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Food">Food</keyword> Wars, and also I do literally nothing. So I am a fan of this format.Harry: I've always wanted to say this, but please do not try this one at home.This one right here is alum. This is potassium aluminium sulfate, and it's primarily used in things like leather tanning and dyeing and in fireproofing textiles. It's pretty strong stuff. For example, if you boil some of this, it can actually dissolve steel in just a few hours.Joe: OK, we're one chemical in and already we're talking about dissolving steel, did he say? Um, no. Harry, please be careful. Put on some gloves for God's sakes.Harry: This one right here is soy lecithin. You've probably heard my Food Wars cohost, Joe, mispronounce this one a million times.Joe: Lechithin. Leckithin. Lecithin. Leckithin. Lechithin. Leechithin. Soy lecithin.Harry: It's a lubricant and an emulsifier. It's considered safe for consumption, but there have been some preliminary studies to suggest that overconsumption may promote depression, which is kind of the last thing I need. But what exactly do we mean by emulsifier?Well, as we all know, oil and water don't usually mix. An emulsifier is something which helps you get around that problem. In the Big Mac it's used in the cheese and the sauce, just to kind of help everything stay together. And finally we have polysorbate 80, otherwise known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, or the more catchy "tween."Now this might come in a handy applesauce-style pouch, but it's probably our most controversial chemical here. Studies have shown that it can lead to an increase in colon cancer and infertility in mice. It's not a guarantee to say that it will do the same to humans, but it's probably not the best sign.Joe: OK, oh Jesus. Slice, ugh. Pasteurized American cheese. Ingredients are milk, cream, water, sodium citrate, salt, cheese cultures, citric acid, enzymes, soy lecithin, and colors added. Get a load of this guy right here.Harry: This one's a little tricky. We don't have an exact recipe for the pasteurized processed American cheese which McDonald's uses in the States. What we did find are the FDA requirements for processed cheese. Now to meet the legal definition of American cheese, it must be made of cheddar, colby, granular, or washed curd cheese. We're choosing to go with a mild cheddar because it already kind of tastes similar to the Big Mac cheeses that I've had in the past.From the ingredients list, we can see the ones that belong to the cheese and the ones which are added at a later stage. The cheese itself is basically just made of milk, salt, cultures, and enzymes. Whereas later on, you will add the sodium citrate as an emulsifying agent, the citric acid as an acidifying agent, and the soy lecithin as an anti-sticking agent.The FDA requirements also specify how much of each of these you're allowed to have in the finished cheese. For example, we know that the soy lecithin can only be 0.03% of the finished weight. I think it's chemical time. The chemicals have changed the consistency of the cheese almost immediately. It's gone from what was a very liquidy melted cheddar with some cream in it to like, a very shiny-looking, almost like a squeezy cheese. And last but not least, the color. That's good. So in a relatively short space of time we've turned this cheddar, which is quite a firm, inflexible, very pale cheese, into this classic American cheese.It's amazing how little sodium citrate it took and how quickly the change took effect. Honestly, it was a tiny amount, and as soon as it was sprinkled in, made a whole world of difference.Joe: Obviously it looks like American cheese, but this is how we test if this is real, authentic American cheese. Ready? Let's check it out. Damn it, I was hoping it would stick.The pickle slices at an American McDonald's contain cucumbers, water, distilled vinegar, salt, calcium chloride, alum, potassium sorbate as a preservative, natural flavors, polysorbate 80, extractives of turmeric for color. Ugh.Harry: Now some of these chemicals can actually be quite dangerous. Calcium chloride can lead to burns in the mouth and throat, excess thirst, vomiting, stomach pain, and low blood pressure. So I'm going to put some gloves on. Now, despite its potential dangers, calcium chloride is actually a great way to improve the saltiness in food without increasing the sodium content.Alum is one that we've mentioned before. And apparently this improves the crunchiness of pickles. Potassium sorbate, as it says on the label, is a mold inhibitor, which will get the pickles a longer shelf life. And finally, we have polysorbate 80. Now this is an emulsifier which will thicken liquids. However, it is also the one that gives mice cancer.It's forming like, can you see this? It's forming crystals, like stalactites.Joe: Oh, it's like, solidifying or something right now. What is happening? Get away from it. I feel like I'm watching someone making an explosive. I just, the way he's shaking it, it's like, gah, it's going to explode. Looks like this is the first time Harry's ever cut a cucumber.The Big Mac bun in the US contains the following ingredients: enriched flour, which is ... and diglycerides, enzymes, and vinegar.Harry: We'll start with the flour. This is British white bread flour, which contains wheat flour, calcium carbonate, iron, niacin, and thiamin. So we're missing the malted barley flour, the riboflavin, and the folic acid. None of these are too suspect. Malted barley flour contains enzymes that break down starch to sugar, and riboflavin and folic acid are actually just vitamins B2 and B9. So let's fortify our flour.The only way to actually get the extra ingredients that we needed was in vitamin form. So we've got some folic acid and some riboflavin tablets here. It's like a pregnancy supplement. You're supposed to take them when you're trying to get pregnant. Now that we have our fortified flour, the next few ingredients are fairly simple: water, sugar, yeast, and soybean oil.Now these might seem fairly normal, but we actually had some difficulty finding soybean oil here in the UK. In the US, apparently it's one of the most common cooking oils. But in the UK, it's used for two things, massage oil and as a horse supplement.Joe: So I'm going to need clarity on this. When you say a horse supplement, you're giving it as a supplement to a horse? Or you take it as a supplement instead of eating horse? Which is it? Both are really weird.Harry: Nailed it. We looked up soybean oil in the USA, and it was a much lighter color than this. So this might not be as refined as the soybean oil that you get in the US, but fingers crossed, it should still be edible. And finally, the extra ingredients. Now the ingredients list has these as less than 2%, so we have some idea of how much of each of these we should be adding.Joe: Oh, is that how chemistry works? Just eyeballing it? What are you doing? We have just a little bit of this, a little bit of that. Again, there's nothing too surprising until we get to this one, which is DATEM. Now, DATEM is diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides.Harry: Now, if you ever wondered how McDonald's gets their buns so kind of soft, but also quite springy, this might be the difference maker. It improves the strength of the gluten network.Joe: It's like, really soft, right? I know it's not supposed to be that way, but it's kind of like, it's got a bounce to it, right?Harry: So our buns have risen. We're going to put them into some ring molds, top them with sesame seeds, and then bake.Joe: It appears that Harry has raided someone's dorm room and stolen their microwave-hot plate combo. I don't know how this is going to turn out.Harry: OK, here we go. So here is the bun we made today, and here is a bun we made earlier. Now the differences between these two are that this one has all the chemicals McDonald's uses, whereas this one is literally just water, flour, and yeast.Visually, the one we've made today looks like a much better color. It's a nice, even golden brown all around. As you see with the one on the left, without the chemicals, it's actually got this big tear around the side as well. Now it's unclear exactly why this happened, but it could be because this one has some chemicals which help the gluten stay strong and withstand the expansion in the oven.Joe: But that looks, actually looks pretty good. I'm very surprised by that.The Big Mac big sauce is made -- Our American Big Mac sauce contains soybean oil, from before, remember that? Sweet relish, which is diced pickles, sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, distilled vinegar, spices, onion powder, salt, extractives of paprika, and soy lecithin.Harry: Now, kind of like the soybean oil, we had some real difficulties getting hold of high-fructose corn syrup in the UK. It's just really not used at all. We were able to track down some regular corn syrup, but only as a kind of specialty imported product. But the only difference is that high-fructose corn syrup goes through a process which converts some of its glucose into fructose, which makes it even sweeter.Joe: Yup, corn syrup is very common in the United States. You can get it in the baking aisle. I've gotten it before. It's good for when you're making barbecue sauces, like pulled pork. I could not get high-fructose corn syrup. I looked it up, and sure enough, you can only get it at industrial-level, five-gallon drums. It's pretty cheap.Harry: Now we've already talked about what some of these chemicals do, but we haven't talked about xanthan gum yet. Xanthan gum is a thickener. And I can understand why you might want to put it into a sauce to thicken it up. But just before we do that, we're going to test it out on some water to see how effective it is.Joe: Harry, my friend, you just invented thick water, which we've got here in the States. So this is for people with swallowing issues. It actually makes it easier. I mean, is it really like -- It doesn't -- Hmm. Ooh, that's weird. It's like a gel. Where have you been all my life, thick water? Silky, smooth. Props to the people over at Thick-It. They're not a sponsor. You make a hell of a thick water.Harry: Just about a half a teaspoon of it turned about 100 milliliters of water into this. So now we've made our sweet relish, but that's just one of the ingredients in the Big Mac sauce. Now we have to make the rest. Now it's worth pointing out, a couple of the chemicals in there are noting what they do. So we'll start with the propylene glycol alginate. Now this is usually used in the beer-making process, and it will also give our sauce a nice glossy finish. As for the hydrolyzed vegetable protein, we have this small bottle of it here.Now what this is is primarily a flavor enhancer. But it's also a not-too-distant cousin of MSG. The main component of this is glutamate, which is the same as the G in MSG. And last but not least, we have this, which is caramel color. Now caramel color is worth pointing out because one of the by-products it can contain is on the state of California's list of chemicals known to cause cancer. What we don't know is if McDonald's uses the specific type of caramel color that contains that by-product.Joe: That chemical that is on California's list of cancer-causing chemicals, just pick a different color. I don't, I mean -- I know you eat with your eyes, but it's OK if the color is a little different.Harry: Aren't you supposed to like stream in the oil very gently? Oh, God. More than that? Loads more, just like, oh, gosh, that's a bit aggressive. Oh, God. Feel free to get involved. I'm hearing lots of criticism from you guys. Not many solutions.Joe: It's like when you first started living on your own, and you had a roommate. And you like, tried cooking something, and you're both like, I don't, you hold it, I'll mix it, having no idea, having no skill on how to do this. Just watching you guys do this is just like, oh, my God.Harry: Wow. Look at that. Nailed it, guys. And with that, we have our Big Mac sauce. The color looks pretty good. The consistency is pretty good. It was very hard work trying to emulsify that by hand, but honestly, not too disappointed with the result.Joe: Wow. That looks like Big Mac sauce, I have to say. I'm very surprised by that. That actually looks just like the sauce. In the US, our Big Mac beef patty is made up of 100% beef patty. It is prepared with grill seasoning, which is salt and black pepper.Harry, get a spatula, man. You knew you were going to do this. Why are you using a spoon? I've got to say, this is a very sad sight to watch you try and make this burger, on this hot plate, with a spoon, in an office.Harry: So after all that, we've made all of the components of a Big Mac. The only things we've added are some freshly diced onion and some shredded lettuce. These, thankfully, are just made of onion and lettuce. There's no additional chemicals.Joe: OK, he hasn't even put it together yet, and I, honestly, am pleasantly surprised. At this point before assembly, my hat's off to you, Harry. That actually looks pretty good.Harry: So there you have it. Can you tell which one is ours?Joe: Visually, Harry, I'll give you a 6. If I got a Big Mac at McDonald's and that's what was in the box, I'd be like, what the hell's going on back there? But it looks a lot closer than I thought it was going to be. The fact that that bread, and that sauce, and that cheese looks the way it did is very impressive.Harry: The last thing to do is taste our burger to see how it stacks up against an actual Big Mac. I think the bun is good. It's a great homemade bread. I just don't think I've ever made bread this good at home without those chemicals. However, it doesn't quite have that real soft pillowiness that the McDonald's one does.There's not a huge amount to say about the beef. The lettuce and the pickles are also pretty good, honestly. No real difference noted. And I think I actually almost prefer the cheese that we've made. I don't know if that's because we used better cheddar, but I actually like our cheese.We've got a nice thick slice, kind of holds up. It also has a good flavor. I think the sauce on ours is not quite as good as the original Big Mac sauce. While we followed the ingredients list as exactly as we could, there are still some herbs and spices which they keep as a closely guarded secret.

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