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Imagine you are in <keyword id="2062831" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ancient-Egypt" source="Orion">ancient Egypt</keyword>! A healer, adorned in linen robes and an ornate headdress, stands over a patient in a dimly lit chamber. He is equipped with rudimentary yet precise copper tools. With a steady hand, he carefully carves into the patient’s skull. Invoking the blessings of Thoth, the god of medicine and wisdom, he bravely attempts to excise a deadly tumour. This isn't a scene from a historical drama, but a reality uncovered by recent research. Astonishingly, the battle against <keyword id="6355291" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword> didn’t start with modern medicine; it began over 4,000 years ago with the pioneering efforts of the ancient Egyptians. Ancient <keyword id="21853853" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Egyptian-medical-practices" source="Orion">Egyptian medical practices</keyword> were incredibly advanced for their time. These early medical practitioners could diagnose and treat various diseases and injuries, construct prostheses and even perform dental work. Now, fresh discoveries have shown that they were not only identifying cancer but also performing intricate surgical procedures to treat it. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Unravelling ancient medical marvels" comment="subhead" text="Unravelling ancient medical marvels">Unravelling ancient medical marvels</cmsannotation> To explore cancer’s historical prevalence, a research team examined two skulls from the <keyword id="20151405" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="University-of-Cambridge" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="University of Cambridge" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</keyword>'s Duckworth Collection. Skull 236, from a male aged 30 to 35, dates back to between 2687 and 2345 BCE. Skull E270, from a female over 50, dates to between 663 and 343 BCE. Microscopic examination of Skull 236 revealed a large lesion indicative of neoplasm (an abnormal mass of tissue), accompanied by approximately 30 small, round metastasized lesions scattered across the skull. Similarly, Skull E270 displayed a significant lesion suggestive of a cancerous tumour that led to bone destruction. What astonished the researchers were cut marks around these lesions, likely made with a sharp metal instrument. <div type="image" title="skull cutmarks" msid="110531681" hostid="261" sizebytes="110612" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cutmarks found on skull 236, probably made with a sharp object.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “It seems ancient Egyptians performed some kind of surgical intervention related to the presence of cancerous cells, proving that ancient Egyptian medicine was also conducting experimental treatments or medical explorations in relation to cancer,” explained co-author Prof. Albert Isidro, an Egyptology specialist and a surgical oncologist at the University Hospital Sagrat Cor. “This finding is unique evidence of how ancient Egyptian medicine would have tried to deal with or explore cancer more than 4,000 years ago. This is an extraordinary new perspective in our understanding of the <keyword id="2702239" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="history-of-medicine" source="Orion">history of medicine</keyword>,” added Prof. Edgard Camarós, the study's lead author and a paleopathologist at the University of Santiago de Compostela. This discovery also suggests that although today's factors like lifestyle, ageing populations and environmental carcinogens increase cancer risk, the disease was also prevalent in ancient times. This shared human experience of battling illness across millennia marks an interesting link between us and our ancestors. However, the researchers cautioned that studying skeletal remains presents challenges, as they are often incomplete and lack clinical histories. Therefore, while this research does shift our understanding and pave the way for future research in <keyword id="21853851" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="paleo-oncology" source="keywords">paleo-oncology</keyword>, more studies are necessary to unravel how ancient societies managed cancer. The findings were recently published in the journal Frontiers in Medicine and can be accessed <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1371645/full">here</a>.

From the sands of time: 4,000-year-old skulls reveal how ancient Egyptians tried to treat cancer!

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul><li>Canada recently legalized marijuana use, becoming the second nation in the world to do so.</li><li>Cannabis has been largely regulated since the the early 20th century.&#xa0;</li><li>But medical uses for cannabis have been found in many cultures for thousands of years.</li></ul>Since the early 20th century, the use of cannabis for any purpose fell out of favor by both regulators and Western culture at large.In the United States, a wave of regulations made access to cannabis more difficult starting from the late 1900s, ultimately culminating in the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, which effectively made cannabis use a federal offense. Meanwhile, prohibition in Canada lasted for 85 years until being lifted by recent developments.Interestingly, however, this recent period of 20th century opposition is actually just a small speck in the wider 6,000-year timeline of cannabis. After all, the plant has been widely regarded for its therapeutic potential for many millennia by different cultures around the world.<h2>6,000 YEARS OF MEDICAL CANNABIS</h2>Today's infographic comes to us from&#xa0;<a href="https://medreleaf.com/">MedReleaf</a>, and it focuses on the medical uses of cannabis discovered by many cultures over time. With uses dating back to Ancient empires such as Rome, Egypt, and China, it helps to put into perspective recent legal and cultural developments regarding cannabis on a broader historical scale.4000 BC: Pan-p'o village Cannabis was regarded among "five grains" in China, and was farmed as a major food crop.2737 BC: Pen Ts'ao Ching Earliest record of cannabis as a medicinal drug. At this time, Emperor Shen-Nung recognized its treatment properties for over 100 ailments such as gout, rheumatism, and malaria.2000-1400 BC: Scythians Nomadic Indo-European peoples used cannabis in steam baths, and also burned cannabis seeds in burial rituals.2000-1000 BC: Atharva Vedas Cannabis was described as a "source of happiness", "joy-giver", and "bringer of freedom" in these Hindu religious texts. At this time, cannabis was smoked at daily devotional services and religious rituals.2000-1000 BC: Ayurvedic Medicine Open religious use of cannabis allowed for exploration of medical benefits. During this period, it was used to treat a variety of ailments such as epilepsy, rabies, anxiety, and bronchitis.1550 BC: Ebers Papyrus Egyptian medical papyrus of medical knowledge notes that medical cannabis can treat inflammation.1213 BC: Ramesses II Cannabis pollen has been recovered from the mummy of Ramesses II, the Egyptian pharaoh who was mummified after his death in 1213 BC.900 BC: Assyrians Employed the psychotropic effects of cannabis for recreational and medical purposes.450-200 BC: Greco-Roman use Physician Dioscorides prescribed cannabis for toothaches and earaches. Greek doctor Claudius Galen noted it was widely consumed throughout the empire. Women of the Roman elite also used cannabis to alleviate labor pains.207 AD: Hua T'o First recorded physician to describe cannabis as an analgesic. He used a mixture of cannabis and wine to anesthetize patients before surgery.1000 AD: Treats Epilepsy Arabic scholars al-Mayusi and al-Badri regard cannabis as an effective treatment for epilepsy.1025 AD: Avicenna The medieval Persian medical writer publishes "Avicenna's Canon of Medicine", stating that cannabis is an effective treatment for gout, edema, infectious wounds, and severe headaches. His work was widely studied from the 13th to 19th centuries, having a lasting impact on Western medicine.1300 AD: Arab traders Arab traders bring cannabis from India to Eastern Africa, where it spreads inland. It is used to treat malaria, asthma, fever, and dysentery.1500 AD: Spanish Conquest The Spanish brought cannabis to the Americas, where it was used for more practical purposes like rope or clothes. However, years later, it would be used as a psychoactive and medicinal drug.1798: Napoleon Napoleon brought cannabis back to France from Egypt, and it was investigated for its pain relieving and sedative qualities. At this time, cannabis would be used to treat tumors, cough, and jaundice.1839: William O'Shaughnessy Irish doctor William O'Shaughnessy introduced the therapeutic uses of cannabis to Western medicine. He concluded it had no negative medicinal effects, and the plant's use in a pharmaceutical context would rapidly rise thereafter.1900: Medical Cannabis Medical cannabis was used to treat nausea, rheumatism, and labor pain. At this point in time, it is available over-the-counter in medications such as "Piso's cure" and "One day cough cure".1914: Harrison Act Drug use was declared a crime in the U.S., under the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act in 1914.1937: Marihuana Tax Act The Marihuana Tax Act banned the use and sales of cannabis in the United States.1964: Discovery of THC The molecular structure of THC, an active component of cannabis, was discovered and synthesized by Israeli chemist Dr. Raphael Mechoulam.1970: Classified as Schedule 1 Drug Cannabis became categorized as a Schedule 1 Drug in the U.S., which limited further research into the plant. It was listed as having "no accepted medical use".1988: CBD Receptors Discovered The CBD1 and CBD2 cannabinoid receptors were discovered. Today, we know they are some of the most abundant neuroreceptors in the brain.2000-2018: Medical cannabis legalization Governments, such as those of Canada and various states, begin to legalize cannabis for medical purposes from licensed producers. Recreational legalization quickly starts to follow.<div><div style="clear:both"><a href="http://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-medical-cannabis-shown-one-giant-map/"></a></div><div>Courtesy of: <a href="http://www.visualcapitalist.com">Visual Capitalist</a></div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-pitches-peace-to-kim-jong-un-with-bizarre-hollywood-style-video-2018-6">Trump pitched peace to Kim Jong Un with this Hollywood-style video starring Kim as the leading man</a></h3> <div> </div> </div></hr>

Here's the 6,000-year history of medical marijuana

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image">REUTERS/Jon BlackerCanadians John Greyson (R) and Tarek Loubani arrive back home.</div></div></div>
After being held for 51 days without charge, Canadian filmmaker John Greyson and Dr. Tarek Loubani were freed on October 6th from <keyword id="6354912" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Egypt">Egypt</keyword>'s notorious Tora <keyword id="6362397" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Prison">Prison</keyword>.
Since returning to <keyword id="6356687" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="canada">Canada</keyword> last Friday, Greyson and Loubani have spoken with numerous media outlets about the horrific treatment they experienced at the prison, which has held many of Egypt's most high-profile prisoners, including former President Hosni Mubarak.
Greyson and Loubani originally traveled to Egypt in August to work in Gaza, where Loubani trains emergency room doctors. Greyson was planning on filming Loubani's work.
When the two arrived in Cairo, they found that they were unable to travel to Gaza because of the political upheaval taking place at the time. While the details are still murky, it appears Greyson and Loubani attended <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-protests-flop-army-crackdown-is-too-severe-2013-8">the Cairo-based sit-in at al-Fateh Mosque in support of ousted President Mohammed Morsi</a>, which resulted in the deaths of 600 people. 
When the peaceful rally turned violent, Loubani began giving medical attention to injured protesters, with Greyson acting as his de-facto nurse and also filming footage. After escaping the rally, the pair approached a group of plainclothes policemen for assistance and were swiftly arrested. They were later put on national television as evidence that Hamas was sparking the protests.
While Greyson and Loubani have maintained that they were only passing through Egypt to go to Gaza for humanitarian reasons, Egyptian authorities have questioned their motives.
<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/03/canadians-in-egyptian-jail-might-be-under-suspicion-due-to-their-film-footage.html">"When they were arrested they were found with a memory stick with footage and pictures,"</a> Badr Abdellatty, an Egyptian foreign ministry representative told The Daily Beast. "When police searched their hotel room they found equipment to do live broadcasts and a small drone helicopter with a camera on it."
The pair were then brought to Tora Prison, where the treatment was brutal. In an interview with Foreign Policy, Greyson and Loubani said that upon arriving at the prison, <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/10/14/locked_up_abroad_canadians_tora_prison_cairo?page=0,1&amp;wp_login_redirect=0">they were forced to wait in packed trucks in the August heat for four hours.</a> The conditions were so bad that prisoners in a similar truck, heading to Abu Zaabal Prison on the same day, rioted against the heat and killed a guard. Luckily, the pair were not in that truck; the officers burned the prisoners in the truck in retaliation. 
Once Loubani, Greyson and the other prisoners were let out of the truck, they were chased towards police officers carrying electric prods and batons. The ritual known as the "Welcome Party" is designed to break the will of new prisoners.
"We were made to run the gantlet," Greyson told Foreign Policy. "They kick you in the kidneys so it's effective but doesn't break ribs; they hit you in the face without leaving cuts or bruises."
The "Welcome Party" continued as the prisoners were forced to watch other trucks of inmates undergo the same ritual. Loubani and Greyson were then given a special beating by the officers.
<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/11/exclusive-canadian-filmmaker-john-greyson-interviewed-in-cairo-following-release-from-tora-prison.html">"That's when the guards started screaming 'Canadies' as they beat Tarek and me. I got a bruise in the shape of a detailed boot print etched in my back. I spent some time trying to imagine and draw it from descriptions by Tarek and [Canadian] embassy staff. I couldn't see it because we didn't have mirrors in jail,"</a> Greyson told The Daily Beast. 
Greyson and Loubani were first kept in a 3x10 meter cockroach-infested cell with 36 other inmates that afforded them a "small bath mat" worth of space on the concrete floor. The only private space was behind a makeshift curtain over a squatting toilet and a tap, which ended up serving as their kitchen, bathroom, and shower. In the first month, prisoners were allowed six half-hour sessions out of the cell in the exercise yard. 
Greyson and Loubani formed friendships with the 36 other inmates, as they tried to keep each other entertained and their spirits up. Loubani frequently gave medical advice to the other prisoners and the inmates gave nightly lectures on various topics of which they were knowledgeable.
Greyson sketched portraits of 34 of the inmates, many as gifts for inmates who missed their weddings due to the detention. He also helped a handful of inmates improve their English, one of whom memorized Greyson's entire family tree.
<a href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/two-canadians-detained-in-egyptian-jail-say-they-bonded-with-cellmates-1.1495259">"Despite a lack of common language there was real support,"</a> Greyson told CTV News.
Loubani and Greyson became well-schooled in the practice of prison ingenuity. The inmates created a heating device from nails, wire and bottle tops to make tea and they used boiled macaroni fermented with sugar to make glue. Using the glue and fabric from their clothes, the inmates made hanging baskets for their belongings. 
After five weeks, the duo was moved to a smaller cell with only 8 people in it. Greyson told The Daily Beast that, upon moving, they saw an interrogation room with the door left open and two men being beated while third lay on the ground with an open wound on his head. 
After a hunger strike, Greyson and Loubani were able to gain some concessions including daily exercise and showers.
It seemed that the pair were never going to leave Tora Prison, as Egyptian authorities refused to budge despite pressure from the Canadian government and public support.
When Loubani's father arrived to visit the prison and plead his son's case at the Ministry of the Interior, some progress was made. Mahmoud Loubani spoke to General Al-Sisi over a speakerphone and got the general to promise to release the two within the week. 
The two returned to Canada last Friday.

Two Canadians Describe The Harrowing 51 Days They Spent In An Egyptian Prison

<ul class="summary-list"><li>More than 2 million people live in the Gaza Strip, which is facing a punishing counterattack from Israel.</li><li>Experts say Gaza is in the midst of a humanitarian crisis, and people are running out of basic supplies. </li></ul>Israel's response to the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hamas-2023-10">militant group Hamas'</a> attack on Saturday has been an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gaza-israel-airstrikes-children-doctors-without-borders-2023-10">all-out assault on the Gaza Strip</a>, a sliver of land that butts up against the Mediterranean Sea and has been under Israeli and Egyptian blockade for 16 years.Buildings, apartment towers, mosques, and more are being toppled by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-bombing-start-offensive-only-intensify-ground-fight-2023-10">aerial strikes</a>; <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67051292" target="_blank" rel="noopener">access to electricity</a>, fuel, medicine, and food is being cut off by Israeli officials; and hospitals are running on backup generators with only days of power left. Israel is also likely gearing up for a ground assault.UN Secretary-General António Guterres has pleaded with the global community to send <a href="https://twitter.com/antonioguterres/status/1711529475136196839?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">humanitarian aid</a> to the region, and the <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2023-who-calls-for-access-to-health-and-humanitarian-assistance-on-fourth-day-of-conflict-in-israel-and-the-occupied-palestinian-territory" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Health Organization</a> is working with the Egyptian government to get health supplies delivered to the area. So far, thousands have been killed or injured in the <a href="https://ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Palestinian territories of Gaza and the West Bank and in Israel</a>."The people of Gaza were already in a weakened state as a result of 16 years of living under closure, restrictions on access to freedom of movement, and the opportunities for employment as well as trade," Akshaya Kumar, the director of Crisis Advocacy at Human Rights Watch, told Insider. "And now they are losing even what little access they had."Human-rights experts who spoke to Insider said the already devastated Gaza Strip — a nearly 140-square-mile territory about the size of Philadelphia that's controlled by Hamas — is being ravaged by Israel's military response, and they said it could get much worse. Groups are begging for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to bring in much-needed supplies to the trapped region.US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Wednesday that a humanitarian corridor was being discussed, according to CNN, and a UN spokesperson has called for one saying, "Citizens need protection."On Wednesday, White House spokesman John Kirby said that the US was in active talks with Israel and Egypt."Civilians are not to blame for what Hamas has done," Kirby said. "They didn't do anything wrong, and we continue to support safe passage."<h2>'People are just living in absolute dread'</h2>Using what Kumar described as dehumanizing language, Israel's defense minister Yoav Gallant on Monday announced a total cutoff of the Gaza Strip, which is home to more than 2 million people, <a href="https://www.insider.com/children-rights-gaza-palestine-israel-human-rights-united-nations-2023-10">nearly half of whom are under 18.</a>"We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly," Gallant said, <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/defense-minister-announces-complete-siege-of-gaza-no-power-food-or-fuel/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to the Times of Israel</a>.The use of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hamas-committed-war-crimes-will-israels-government-do-the-same-2023-10">collective punishment is a war crime</a>, Kumar said."There's a clear calculation as to how many days people in Gaza could last by using fuel for generators to run their pumping stations or their electricity plants," Kumar said. "And that projection is chilling, actually to know that not only are the Israeli authorities aware of this, they are counting on it to impose their siege conditions."On the ground, people in Gaza — nearly half of whom already <a href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/53-cent-palestinians-gaza-live-poverty-despite-humanitarian-assistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">live in poverty</a> — are feeling the effects of the cutoff.Insider previously spoke with Ivan Karakashian, the head of advocacy in Jerusalem for the NGO Norwegian Refugee Council, who said workers on the ground estimated on Tuesday that essentials, including food, could run out in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gaza-civilians-could-run-out-food-no-refuge-ngo-says-2023-10">Gaza in four to six days.</a>Kumar said her colleagues in Gaza have seen ambulances and refugee camps struck by missiles, and they've described dire conditions at overcrowded clinics that lack access to proper medical supplies to treat the injured. Kumar said attempts to deliver much-needed supplies are so far failing."I think people are just living in absolute dread and fear, and these are people who have been through this in the past but they don't know what to expect, because the intensity of the bombardment and the statements from Israeli officials are truly menacing," she said.Ahmad Abuznaid, the executive director of the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights, told Insider that he's heard similar stories from friends and colleagues. He said friends in the US are desperately trying to keep up with family in the region."I got a tidbit from a colleague in Houston, whose family is in Gaza," Abuznaid said. "Normally, they're telling my friend like, 'Hey, don't worry about it, we'll be fine. We'll be fine.' And they weren't really able to muster out that statement. This time, they're not really sure."<h2>'This has been 75-plus years'</h2>Since the current conflict began on Saturday, much of the US focus has been on supporting the Israeli government's response to Hamas, which targeted civilian populations and left at least 1,200 dead in its most recent attack sagainst Israel.President Joe Biden sharply condemned the attacks and it is unclear if he asked Israel to practice restraint in its <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/10/politics/joe-biden-benjamin-netanyahu/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">military campaign.</a>"We know that Israel will take all of the precautions that it can, just as we would, and again that's what separates us from Hamas and terrorist groups that engage in the most heinous kind of activities," Blinken said on Wednesday.A State Department spokesperson told Insider that Biden would be supporting Israel with whatever it needs at the moment and said the US provides humanitarian assistance to Gaza and the West Bank through trusted partners and in coordination with Israeli officials.Experts who spoke to Insider said that Israel's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rep-rashida-tlaib-palestine-israel-statement-instagram-2023-10">human-rights violations</a> against the Palestinian territories have contributed to the decades-old conflict in the region. Israeli officials have been pushing for a judicial overhaul that would, according to Vox, among other things, make it easier to annex <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/26/23807288/israel-judicial-overhaul-settler-agenda-netanyahu-smotrich" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more land from Palestinian territories</a>. Earlier this year, citizens in <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/15/middleeast/huwara-west-bank-settler-attack-cmd-intl/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Huwara</a> were targeted by settlers in what one Israeli military commander called a "pogrom," and <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/7/11/daily-life-returns-to-jenin-camp-after-israeli-raid" target="_blank" rel="noopener">raids by Israeli forces</a> in places like Jenin, a densely populated refugee camp, resulted in civilian injuries, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/04/middleeast/israel-west-bank-jenin-raids-tuesday-intl-hnk/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to CNN</a>."This has been 75-plus years," Abuznaid said. "People need to understand that this issue didn't come about just in the last three days. They also need to understand that the Palestinian people again have been denied their rights and their right to self-determination. There is no military force that's defending the Palestinian people."

More than 2 million people in Gaza are trapped in a humanitarian disaster

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists uncovered the first example of a bandaged wound on a <keyword id="12424597" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mummy" source="Orion">mummy</keyword> from <keyword id="12424596" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ancient-egypt" source="Orion">Ancient Egypt</keyword>. </li><li>The finding could provide clues about medical treatment at that time.</li></ul>Scientists found the first recorded example of a bandaged wound on a mummified body, which could offer more insight into ancient medical practices.The finding was published in the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981721000942?via%3Dihub">International Journal of Paleopathology</a>, a peer-reviewed journal, on December 30.The researchers said they discovered the bandages on the remains of a young girl, aged no more than four years, who died about 2,000 years ago. The dressing wrapped a wound that showed signs of infection, the study said."It gives us clues about how they [ancient Egyptians] treated such infections or abscesses during their lifetime," Albert Zink, head of the Institute for Mummy Studies in Bolzona, Italy, and an author on the study, told Insider. The mummy was thought to be taken from the <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/image/11148/mummy-portrait-from-the-tomb-of-aline-at-hawara/">"Tomb of Aline"</a> in the Faiyum Oasis, located southwest of Cairo, the study said.<div type="image" title="A marker shows the location of the Fayium Oasis in Egypt on a map." height="864" width="1728" msid="88902969" hostid="261"></div>The finding had come as a surprise to the scientists, who didn't set out looking for the bandages."It was really exciting because we didn't expect it," Zink said. "It was never described before."<h2>A rare glimpse into medical history</h2>Ancient Egyptians are thought to have had an adept understanding of medical practices.They wouldn't have known things we would now take for granted, like how a heart functions, how microbes cause infection, or how rogue cells cause cancer — but they did have a fairly good idea of how to treat symptoms of disease, Zink said."We know from other evidence, <a href="https://scitechdaily.com/3500-year-old-medical-papyrus-manual-reveals-new-details-about-ancient-egyptian-mummification/">like papyrus</a>, that they had a good experience of treating wounds and injuries," said Zink.So it's surprising that these types of bandages have never been seen in a mummy before, he said. In this case, Zink said, the bandages were spotted while the scientists carried out routine CT scans of mummies, as can be seen in the scans below and annotated with the full-lined arrow. The wound appeared to have been infected when she died, as the scans showed signs of "pus," Zink said. These signs of infection are marked by the dotted arrows in the scans below.<div type="image" title="A side view of a scan of the mummy's foot, with arrows pointing to bandages and areas of infection." height="2016" width="2689" msid="88902971" hostid="261"></div><div type="image" title="A cross-section of the mummy is seen here." height="1442" width="1922" msid="88902973" hostid="261"></div>"It's very likely that they applied some specific herbs or ointment to treat the inflammation of this area," which further analysis could identify, Zink said. Zink said he wanted to get samples from the area to understand what caused the infection and how people at the time treated it.But that could entail unwrapping the mummy, which Zink said he was reluctant to do. Another option would be to collect a sample using a biopsy needle, he said.<div type="image" title="The mummy of the child is shown in full. On its front is a portrait of the child painted on linen fabric." height="1620" width="3617" msid="88902975" hostid="261"></div><h2>Mystery of the missing bandages unfurls</h2>Zink says there was no clear explanation why, in this particular case, the bandages were left in place. "The question is whether it was just left in place and it remained despite the embalming process or whether they placed it," he said, referring to the embalmers.Wound dressings typically did not survive the mummification process. But it's possible the embalmers added the bandage on the body after the girl's death. Ancient Egyptians believed that the mummified body should be as perfect as possible for life after death, Zink said: "Maybe they tried somehow to continue the healing process for the afterlife."As to why other such examples of bandaging had not been spotted before, it is plausible that scientists had simply failed to spot them until now, or mistaken them for other mummy wrappings.Zink now hopes that more examples of mummy wrappings can be uncovered."There's always some surprises when we study mummies. I have now studied, I don't know how many mummies in my scientific career, but there's always something new," he said.

A child mummy from Egypt is the first found with a dressed wound, offering a rare glimpse into ancient medicine

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Several states have imposed bans on abortion since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. </li><li>The decision has worried many medical students who are interested in becoming OBGYNs.</li></ul>Before the Supreme Court overturned <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supreme-court-abortion-decision-final-ruling-scotus-roe-v-wade-2022-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Roe v. Wade,</a> Lyle Suh was heavily considering becoming an obstetrician-gynecologist.But now she's less sure. "This has pushed me away more for my own mental health," Suh, who is in her third year of medical school, told Insider. "I truly can't see myself going into a field that is governed so heavily. Like medicine already has so many things that are out of our hands – this kind of just adds another shackle to what we can do."Suh's experience echoes those of other medical students who are considering specializing in reproductive care but also recognize they will enter a field where they will have to navigate confusing bureaucratic catacombs and a political minefield. <h2>'They're going to have to go through all of these hurdles'</h2>Natalie Sorias, a third-year medical student at the University of Massachusetts, told Insider that she's passionate about women's reproductive healthcare, and despite the challenges ahead, she'll most likely continue to try to work in the field. "I went into medical school trying to keep as much of an open mind as possible," Sorias told Insider, "but the population that I really care about is women."Sorias, who also researches female genital mutilation in Cairo, said she noticed that the "people who were kind of neglected, were women" and that "inevitably impacts children."As a first-generation Egyptian-American, Sorias said she was disappointed, heartbroken, and angry by the decision to overturn Roe v. Wade. "Being immigrants – people come to America bragging about its advancements and its incredible healthcare and all these things," she said. "I just kind of really hoped that being in this country would mean being a part of the worldwide example of reproductive justice. It's just kind of embarrassing that we're not and it's really disappointing for the people that it would affect."<div type="image" title="abortion opponent protest sign" height="2026" width="2702" msid="93415854" hostid="261" sizebytes="327802"></div>She is now concerned about matching into a residency program in a state that does not offer the full range of education on reproductive health, including abortions at various stages, as well as how competitive programs may become in states where abortion is legal. Following <a href="https://www.aamc.org/system/files/2020-11/aamc-road-to-becoming-doctor-2020.pdf">medical school</a>, students continue training in a residency program, where they become resident physicians. Nearly 44% of obstetrics and gynecology residents – or 2,638 out of 6,007 – are training in programs located in states that are "certain or likely to lack access to in-state abortion training" because of statewide bans on the procedure, according to an April <a href="https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/9900/Projected_Implications_of_Overturning_Roe_v_Wade.449.aspx">study</a> published in the journal "Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology." "That's not only difficult," Sorias said. "It also very much increases the competition for anybody trying to go into [Obstetrics], which is gatekeeping a career that needs more providers to begin with."Eshani Dixit, a medical student at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, echoed Sorias' concern. "It definitely is looking more and more difficult in terms of making sure I have access to education that's not only relevant to my desire to become an abortion provider but also just relevant to the practice of obstetrics and gynecology as a field and making sure that we're providing quality care to our patients," Dixit told Insider.She said she fears being in a state where only a medical emergency will allow her to perform an abortion legally. "But I'm nervous about being in those types of situations and not having the exposure to adequately care for the patients that I am serving," she said.Morgan Levy is a third-year med student at the University of Miami in Florida, where abortions are banned <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/abortion-access-in-america-maps-charts-if-roe-falls-2018-8">after 15 weeks</a> with a few exceptions, such as to save a pregnant patient's life.Levy said she will have to consider a residency rotation out of state because she worries that there is a "significant portion of the training in the field" that she "would not be able to obtain simply because the procedure would not be legal for a patient to get." "I think that's a reality that a lot of students are going to face," Levy said. "They're going to have to go through all of these hurdles to go and find somewhere that they can actually get the training they're looking for."<h2>'We do what's best for the patient'</h2><div type="image" title="Abortion provider" height="5218" width="6957" msid="93415855" hostid="261" sizebytes="2613794"></div>The "Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology" study recommended that programs establish "travel rotations for residents to obtain abortion training in states with protected abortion access." However, the study noted that travel rotations may not be feasible for the large number of residents that are training in states with limited access to abortion. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, which accredits residency programs, submitted <a href="https://www.acgme.org/what-we-do/accreditation/review-and-comment/">proposals</a> that would require programs in states with restrictions on abortion to provide residents with alternative training in states that don't. "The proposed revisions help ensure obstetrics and gynecology residency programs provide residents with the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to practice comprehensive reproductive health care in the United States without resulting in any resident, physician educator, or residency program violating the law," a spokesperson for the ACGME said in a statement.The proposed revisions are still open for public comment before they are submitted to the ACGME Board for approval. Suh said she is fearful of providers becoming too apathetic to patients' needs as they are now placed in uncertain circumstances when seeking abortions. "We do what's best for the patient. We go through the best treatment, then the next," she said. But she said if she ends up in a state abortion is restricted then the scope of her training and the care she can deliver are compromised. She added that she thinks doctors have to do their best to do no harm and "when there's fully set laws that prevent you from giving the best possible care to a patient, that's just very mentally taxing."Suh said even if she ends up in a state where abortion isn't heavily banned, there's still a ripple effect."Even though we're in a state that it's very much still legal to get an abortion, we are seeing a noticeable increase in the amount of people who come in to see what options there are to permanently become infertile," Suh said.Both Sorias and Suh said they're concerned about the adequate training all residents in OBGYN are going to receive as a result of states having different policies. "Every single OBGYN should be well trained and skilled at providing abortions because it is life-saving care," Sorias said. "So it doesn't make any sense to me that over 50% of the country's OBGYN providers are in a place where they don't know how to do that. I would be very disappointed and scared."Maureen Phipps, chief executive officer of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said that following the overturn of Roe, "the impact on physician training will be dire, and the consequences will be long lasting." "Medical education should be comprehensive, and our trainees must be prepared to meet all patient needs with confidence. When 44% of OBGYN residents are trained in states that are now empowered to ban abortion, patients will have to question whether their ob-gyn has had access to the quality of training that we have all come to expect," Phipps said in a statement.

'My training is going to be limited': Med students and aspiring OBGYNs are trying to adapt to a post-Roe landscape

(Eds: Adds details) New Delhi, Apr 17 () Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday assured India's support to South Africa in maintaining essential medical supplies to fight coronavirus."Had a good discussion with President @CyrilRamaphosa about the COVID-19 challenge, and assured India's support to South Africa for maintaining essential medical supplies," the prime minister tweeted.The prime minister also discussed the global health crisis with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi."Discussed on phone with President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi @AlsisiOfficial about the COVID-19 situation in India and Egypt. India will extend all possible support to Egypt's efforts to control the spread of the virus and its impact," Modi said in another tweet.An official statement later said Prime Minister Modi and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa exchanged views about the domestic, regional and global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. They discussed the steps being taken by their respective governments to protect the health of their people as well as to minimise economic impacts."The prime minister assured that India would provide all possible support to South Africa for ensuring supplies of essential medicines during this challenging time," the statement said.Modi commended the proactive role being played by President Ramaphosa, in his current capacity as the Chair of the African Union, for coordinating a continent-wide response to the pandemic.Evoking the centuries-old ties of friendship and people-to-people exchanges between India and Africa, Modi conveyed India's full support for the joint African effort against the virus.Another statement said Modi and President El-Sisi discussed the evolving global situation in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and exchanged information about the steps being taken by their respective governments to protect their populations. They agreed on the utility of continuous exchange of experiences and best-practices, in order to learn from each other."The prime minister assured the Egyptian President that India would provide all possible support to ensure availability of pharmaceutical supplies during these difficult times," the statement said.Modi also thanked President El-Sisi for the support being provided to Indian citizens present in Egypt.The two leaders agreed that their teams would remain in touch to ensure close coordination and experience-sharing. NAB IJT

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