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<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="12069606" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mike-pence" source="Orion">Mike Pence</keyword> denounced anti-racism education in public schools during a speech in Loudoun County, <keyword id="11918128" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="virginia" source="Orion">Virginia</keyword>. </li><li>Pence spoke to an overwhelmingly white crowd at a small, private Christian college days before the gubernatorial election. </li></ul><p>PURCELLVILLE, VA - Former <keyword id="12087652" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="vice-president-mike-pence" source="Orion">Vice President Mike Pence</keyword> denounced anti-racist education in public <keyword id="11900653" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="school" source="Orion">school</keyword>s at Patrick Henry College, a small, private Christian school in Loudoun County, Virginia on Thursday afternoon, less than a week before the state's competitive gubernatorial election. </p><p>"We believe that parents should be the ultimate authority in education," Pence told the overwhelmingly white audience of about 300. "It's time to end government monopoly of public education in America."</p><p>Pence denounced "<keyword id="12004885" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="critical-race-theory" source="Orion">critical race theory</keyword>" - the broad academic theory that American institutions, including the criminal justice and healthcare systems, are systemically racist - and argued that teaching it in schools amounts to "state-sponsored racism. White kids, he argued, "are being taught to be ashamed of their skin color." He called the anti-racist education the "most egregious example of the leftwing agenda in our public schools." </p><p>Pence commended parents who've protested against Loudoun County's equity initiatives and policies, which have drawn national attention amid heated conflicts between parents and school boards in recent months. </p><p>"Critical race theory is founded on the slander that America is a racist nation," Pence said. "America is the most just, righteous, and inclusive nation the world has ever known."</p><p>He argued that "science, history and math are increasingly be taught through the lens of racial grievance."</p><p>Patrick Henry College students in attendance, most of whom said they were homeschooled, told Insider they agreed with Pence that anti-racist training and curricula pose a threat to <keyword id="12413652" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="public-school" source="Orion">public school</keyword> students. </p><p>Sarah V., a 17-year-old PHC freshman who was homeschooled in Loudoun County, told Insider that critical race theory involved teaching "kids to hate other kids based on their skin color." Sarah, who requested her last name not be used to protect her privacy, argued that while there are "certain instances" of racism in America, systemic racism doesn't exist.</p><p>Dan Mainieri, a 21-year-old senior at PHC originally from Pennsylvania, said he thinks "people shouldn't be defined by the color of their skin," but said "there are definitely faults" in the criminal justice, education, and healthcare systems. Ronen Wyrick, an 18-year-old freshman at PHC, said he hasn't seen "any evidence" of systemic racism. </p><p>Ben Crosby, a Patrick Henry College senior who spoke at the event, lamented the ongoing "violent attack on educational freedom" in public schools. Crosby noted that he was homeschooled. </p><p>Pence celebrated that thousands of public school kids left Loudon County schools during the pandemic and many more are being homeschooled. The former vice president also spoke about his support for increased school choice and celebrated the Trump administration's efforts on this issue. </p><p>Pence's speech was billed as part of a series of events he's held across the country over the last few months, including a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RxUkOltZG8">speech</a> on US-China relations at the Heritage Foundation in July, and an event focused on law enforcement and crime in Hillsboro, Oregon earlier this month. </p><p>But the timing of Pence's visit to Virginia was also strategic, as the state will go to the polls next week to elect its next governor in perhaps the most closely-watched race so far in Biden's presidency. Debates over public education have become central in the gubernatorial race. Republican candidate Glenn Youngkin has dug in on opposing anti-racist education in public schools and vaccine mandates. Earlier this month, he released a campaign ad featuring a Virginia parent who campaigned to remove Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize-winning 1987 book "Beloved" from public school curricula because of its explicit content.</p><p>A few members of "Fight for Schools," a group of Loudoun County parents seeking to recall several school board members, sought to recruit new volunteers at Thursday's event. Parents said they were particularly concerned with the County's policy that students are allowed to use bathrooms and locker rooms that correspond with their gender identity. </p><p>"There's a very small percentage of kids that are trans in the community and you're putting the entire rest of the community at risk or at discomfort for a handful of kids," Erin Dunbar, a 43-year-old mother who has three children in County public schools, told Insider of the policy. </p><p>Amy Jahr, a 52-year-old mother of four, said her daughters attend Stone Bridge High School in Ashburn, where a 15-year-old boy <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/in-case-at-center-of-political-firestorm-judge-finds-teen-committed-sexual-assault-in-virginia-school-bathroom/2021/10/25/42c037da-35cc-11ec-8be3-e14aaacfa8ac_story.html">sexually assaulted a female classmate</a> in a bathroom in May. The assault has become a flashpoint in the debate over the bathroom policy, despite the fact that the policy was adopted after the assault. Jahr argued the bathroom policy was rushed through and parents weren't adequately consulted.  </p><p>Patrick Henry College, a tiny school an hour west of Washington, DC, gave Pence a warm welcome just over five years after his last visit to the campus during the 2016 presidential election. During her introduction, Laura Zorc, the director of education reform at  the conservative group Freedom Works, called Pence "the greatest vice president we've ever had in America" to cheers from the audience. A student publication, The Herald, featured a image of a Trump/Pence campaign button with "Trump" scratched out and "2016" replaced with "2024" and a question mark. </p><p>The Herald reported that the former vice president, a devout evangelical Christian, was invited by PHC's president to speak on campus during a meeting they had in December 2020. </p><div type="image" title="Patrick Henry College's student newspaper announces former Vice President Mike Pence's visit." height="1136" width="1552" msid="87353581" hostid="261"></div><p>Pence made no mention of the GOP's false claims of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 election, nor of the Jan. 6 Capitol riot, during which he and his family were evacuated from the Senate floor and Trump loyalists called for his execution. </p><p>For several months following Biden's inauguration, which Pence attended without Trump, Pence laid low. In a March op-ed in the right-wing outlet The Daily Signal, Pence promoted misleading claims about the 2020 election, writing that he was concerned with "the integrity of the 2020 election" due to "significant" and "troubling" voting irregularities. There is no evidence of widespread voter fraud in the election and Trump administration officials deemed it the most secure election in US history. </p><p>In April, he <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/07/politics/mike-pence-political-group-advancing-american-freedom/index.html">launched a political advocacy group</a>, "Advancing American Freedom," with the mission of promoting the Trump administration's legacy and exploring his next moves in <keyword id="11893346" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="politics" source="Orion">politics</keyword>. He made his first public appearance post-White House on April 29 in a speech to the Palmetto Family Foundation, a conservative Christian group. In May, he and his wife, Karen Pence, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mike-karen-pence-buy-million-7-bedroom-home-indiana-2021-6">bought a home</a> in an upscale Carmel, Indiana neighborhood.</p>

Mike Pence rails against 'racist' public education at a private Christian college in Virginia days before the state's heated gubernatorial election

<br /> Like it or not, today’s social media can be your best friend or worst enemy. Especially if you have been indiscreet on a public platform, meant for all eyes. Had too many drinks at the office party and bashed the boss on <keyword id="6354616" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Twitter">Twitter</keyword>? Posted ‘night outs’ on <keyword id="6354576" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Facebook">Facebook</keyword>? Criticised a popular thought leader on <keyword id="28120" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Linkedin">LinkedIn</keyword>? It could be a moment’s anger or despair or levity that triggered the action button, but these may quickly lead to dire consequences. Former PR executive <keyword id="1985141" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Justine-Sacco">Justine Sacco</keyword> must have realised it by now after she was compelled to resign, post her racist joke on Twitter. But then, you are on social media – an ‘open’ platform where you are always under ‘public’ scrutiny.<br />
 <br /> A lot of these incidents can be avoided though, if those ‘feeds’, biased or otherwise, don’t turn up in the public domain. Most of us would rather share them with special people who matter. But unless one has the time to mail them individually, social media platforms are the quickest and the easiest way to reach people in a hurry. The only glitch is – all the world and his wife come to know of it as well. You can’t possibly <keyword id="6354904" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="tweet">tweet</keyword> in private and most of your FB or Google+ posts are bound to be out at some place or other.<br />
 <br /> But it’s not that dicey if you are on <keyword id="1978749" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Vebbler">Vebbler</keyword> – a ‘personal’ networking platform recently launched by a Mumbai-based start-up. It’s easy to understand that people today are afraid to expose their entire social graph to all their contacts. In fact, that kind of <keyword id="2012516" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Layered-communication">layered communication</keyword> is always happening in real life – you tend to segregate relationships and interact accordingly. And that’s where Vebbler comes in. It keeps you connected to all but uses a <keyword id="2012542" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Crowd-layering">crowd layering</keyword> model – so that users can post ‘custom’ feeds for each group and one group of <keyword id="6522349" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="connections">connections</keyword> can’t see the ‘feeds’ meant for others. Simply put, your relatives can’t see the feeds posted for your colleagues or close friends – it’s a totally compartmentalised life out there.<br />
 <br /> The ‘personal’ network (it resembles <keyword id="6497922" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="path">Path</keyword>, <keyword id="153773" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="avocado">Avocado</keyword>, <keyword id="815267" type="COMPANY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Nextdoor">Nextdoor</keyword>, <keyword id="6358096" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="Snapchat">Snapchat</keyword>, etc.) also provides space for close and valued relationships. Unlike Facebook or Google+ where one can connect with a larger set of people, including acquaintances, distant relationships and people you may not even know, Vebbler makes sure that the ‘quality’ of connections are more important than the quantity.<br />
 <br /> But how is that done? The <keyword id="2012524" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Dunbar-Theory">Dunbar Theory</keyword> states that an average person cannot have more than 150 real-world connections in a given lifetime. Yet on social media, we can connect with a whopping 5,000 people or even more, resulting into useless clutter and a growing threat to privacy. In order to keep the quality of relationships high, a user can only connect with a maximum of 500 people on Vebbler. He/she can, however, ‘follow’ those whom he doesn’t know and connect with them on <keyword id="1991588" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Similar-interests">similar interests</keyword>, striking a good balance between personal networking and <keyword id="2012526" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Interest-networking">interest networking</keyword>.<br />
 <br /> Vebbler is open to anyone older than 13 and its <keyword id="1486934" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="target-audience">target audience</keyword> currently includes <keyword id="15214" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="teenagers">teenagers</keyword> and <keyword id="14724" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Young-adults">young adults</keyword> aged between 16 and 35. However, it has the potential to cater to other <keyword id="2012530" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Age-groups">age groups</keyword> as well. The platform also enables targeted content discovery (it means you can search for a person as <keyword id="5645" type="POSITION" weightage="100" keywordseo="CEO">CEO</keyword> of XYZ company) and takes scrupulous care of user <keyword id="145060" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="data-security">data security</keyword>. That is definitely a relief after the latest Snapchat debacle where 4.6 million users’ personal information was exposed by hackers. Curious to know what all you can do on Vebbler? Here is a snapshot that captures the start-up’s vision and viability.<br />
 <br />
<strong>Who runs Vebbler (https://vebbler.com): </strong>A core team of 12 led by founder <keyword id="1978970" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sahil-Bhagat">Sahil Bhagat</keyword> while <keyword id="2012536" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Ripal-Kadakia">Ripal Kadakia</keyword> heads the technical team. In addition, the start-up operates through 45 <keyword id="1932805" type="POSITION" weightage="100" keywordseo="campus-ambassadors">campus ambassadors</keyword> who aim to bring colleges and universities across India and the world right on to the Vebbler platform. The company was set up in October 2012 and the <keyword id="6354615" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Social-network">social network</keyword> Vebbler was launched in public beta on November 12, 2013.<br />
 <br /> A <keyword id="192262" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="serial-entrepreneur">serial entrepreneur</keyword>, Sahil has around 5 years of experience in the digital space and started his first venture <keyword id="2012537" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Frogster-com">Frogster.com</keyword> at the age of 18. It was similar to <keyword id="2012538" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Facebook-Causes">Facebook Causes</keyword> and connected like-minded people who were passionate about addressing various socio-economic issues. Sahil’s second venture was a 360 degree <keyword id="2012540" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Digital-solutions-firm">digital solutions firm</keyword> called <keyword id="2012539" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Doodle-Works">Doodle Works</keyword>. He has majored in Advertising and Mass Media from KC College, Mumbai, and currently pursuing a distance course in Business Management from the <keyword id="100299" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="london-school-of-economics">London School of Economics</keyword> and Political Science.<br />
 <br />
<strong>What inspired the venture: </strong>Frogster.com, to be precise. “I learnt a lot about the <keyword id="2012541" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Social-networking-business">social networking business</keyword> there, but we couldn’t keep it running as it was too niche a platform and did not scale in a way we had visualised it,” recalls Sahil. “That is when we decided to make it a mainstream social platform where ‘causes’ would be added some day.<br />
 <br />
<strong>What’s the pitch: </strong>A ‘personal networking’ platform that segregates different types of relationships and curates your online interaction the way you want it. Vebbler’s crowd layering (<keyword id="318232" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="CL">CL</keyword>) model enables comprehensive and foolproof <keyword id="153697" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="privacy-settings">privacy settings</keyword> when it boils down to <keyword id="2012545" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Data-filtering">data filtering</keyword> for different groups. Plus, people have a lot more control over their data on Vebbler. Here, one can control <keyword id="2012549" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Photo-tagging">photo tagging</keyword>, lock private posts and <keyword id="2012553" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Filter-status">filter status</keyword> for different relationships.<br />
<br />
<strong>How</strong><strong> it works: </strong>The crowd layering model is the USP here. CL puts people into different layers so that they get an entirely separate sharing space but can’t access other layers. In simple terms, you can upload the snapshots of a party in the ‘friends’ layer but your ‘family’ layer won’t be able to view it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>Key features: <keyword id="2012556" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Life-Stream">Life Stream</keyword>: </strong>A personal feed that shows stories and moments of the people you are connected to and those you are following based on similar interests. The Life Stream has several sub-streams based on specific relationships and these include friends, family, workmates, acquaintances and followings. You can also track nearby happening and <keyword id="1083886" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="trending">trending</keyword> topics.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="28121" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Profile">Profile</keyword>: </strong>A page that helps people know you, your connections and your interests.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="6426791" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="waves">Waves</keyword>: </strong>Waves are the new hashtags with a ~ symbol. Each <keyword id="2012576" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Wavetag">wavetag</keyword> becomes a real-time analytics page that shows how many conversations are taking place around a particular keyword. People can also evaluate the popularity of a wave through the <keyword id="2012589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Wave-o-meter">wave-o-meter</keyword> (the web version of TRP) and compare it with the popularity of other waves. The Waves page also grabs all links, photos and videos related to that particular keyword shared on Vebbler.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="6371652" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="clubs">Clubs</keyword> &amp; <keyword id="629445" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Followers">Followers</keyword>: </strong>Clubs is another word for layers and every relationship has to be added to a particular Club before any request can be sent. Adding a person is discreet and the other person will never know to which club he/she has been added. Followers allow you to connect with people who you may not know but who share similar interests.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="415862" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="photo-albums">Photo Albums</keyword>: </strong>Ability to upload photo albums and share it with respective Clubs. One can lock a private photo album so that nobody else can re-share or repost it. You can also control who can tag your photos and to whom those photos can be tagged.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="2012567" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Layered-chat">Layered Chat</keyword> &amp; <keyword id="2012565" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Private-messaging">Private Messaging</keyword>: </strong><keyword id="794" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="chat">Chat</keyword> and private messaging offer <keyword id="2012566" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Instant-communication">instant communication</keyword> with your connections and those within the network. It also uses the CL model to enable people to switch on/off a particular layer in chat. For example, a person on vacation can switch off from workmates but can stay connected with friends and family.<br />
 <br />
<strong><keyword id="2012569" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Social-search">Social Search</keyword>: </strong>On Vebbler, you can search people by name, by <keyword id="6397939" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="interest">interest</keyword> (for instance, people in Mumbai who like basketball) and by Wave. The third option allows you to search conversations around a wavetag and also displays other wavetags created around that keyword.<br />
 <br />
<strong>Claim to fame: </strong>Traction and mobile-first policy. The platform has been out in public beta only two months and the company already claims a user base of 45,000-plus from 80 countries and 713 cities. According to Sahil, an average of 45% people return to the network every day and most of them are from countries like the US, the UK, the <keyword id="6358356" type="COUNTRY" weightage="80" keywordseo="UAE">UAE</keyword>, <keyword id="50996" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi Arabia</keyword> and <keyword id="6355478" type="COUNTRY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Australia">Australia</keyword>. This makes Vebbler a more global product than any of its homegrown competitors.<br />
 <br /> Moreover, keeping in mind the global trend, the start-up has adopted a mobile-first policy which further helps in gaining traction. Its mobile site called m.vebbler.com enables people to access a more lightweight version via their smartphones. The company is also developing an <keyword id="75489" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="IOS">iOS</keyword> app, which should be up in the next few months.<br />
 <br /> But what we have found most interesting is a bunch of new features Vebbler will be launching soon. The most relevant one in the Indian context will be a plug-in for poll information (candidate details, nearest polling booths, etc.) using geolocation technology. This will be launched in January-end while other features like <keyword id="2012583" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Life-Path">Life Path</keyword> (similar to <keyword id="782652" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Facebook-Timeline">Facebook Timeline</keyword>) and <keyword id="2012584" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Recommend-Button">Recommend Button</keyword> (enables connections to recommend movies, books, TV shows, restaurants, holiday destinations and much more) are on their way. The company will also introduce more customised groups and revamp the portal.<br />
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<strong>Show me the money: </strong>Vebbler is currently bootstrapped but will be raising money in the next 2-3 months through the angel investment route. “We will approach the investors once the fine-tuning is done and new features are added to the platform,” says Sahil. The start-up is also exploring some tried-and-tested revenue models including social commerce and targeted advertising.<br />
 <br />
<strong>Biggest challenge:</strong> Spreading the product concept and competing with the industry biggies, especially companies like Path, Google+ and Facebook. “Luckily, we are already in the biggest and fastest growing markets. The <keyword id="58740" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Asian-Market">Asian market</keyword> will have the maximum number of <keyword id="836742" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Smartphone-users">smartphone users</keyword> by 2017 and India could be the second biggest Internet consumer in a couple of years. This means further growth in networking and more innovation in product platforms. That really augurs well for Vebbler,” concludes Sahil.

Social Media Exposing All? Meet This New ‘Personal’ Network That Lets You
Be Discreet

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/pedrosimoes7/8578279742/">Flickr/Pedro Ribeiro Simões</a></span></p><p class="caption">Social interactions are what made are brains grow so large.</p></div><p></p></div></div>The <a href="https://www.verywell.com/how-big-is-the-brain-2794888">average human brain</a> is about three pounds. This makes it a much bigger proportion of our bodies than what is seen in other animals. Especially notable is our large cerebral cortex, which is responsible for memory, communication, and thinking.</p><p>So how did we get these big brains?</p><p>A team of researchers in the UK <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-08/cu-lhb081216.php">have proposed one possible answer</a>: Over the past 2 million years, we worked our brains extra-hard in evaluating complex social situations and deciding who to cooperate with, they write in their paper, <a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/srep31459">published August 12</a> in the journal Scientific Reports. </p><p><a href="https://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/team/robin-dunbar">Robin Dunbar</a><span>, an evolutionary psychologist at Oxford who was a coauthor of the study, previously proposed something called the "social brain hypothesis," which is <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-08/cu-lhb081216.php">the idea that</a> "t</span>he disproportionately large brain size in humans exists as a consequence of humans evolving in large and complex social groups."</p><p>This is just an idea, of course, and it's difficult to prove. By using computer models, however, the researchers hoped to show how this might have played out in the distant past.</p><p>The new study, <span>Dunbar said in </span><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-08/cu-lhb081216.php">a press release</a>, "reinforces this hypothesis and offers an insight into the way cooperation and reward may have been instrumental in driving brain evolution ... [This suggests] that <strong>the challenge of assessing others could have contributed to the large brain size in humans.</strong>"</p><p>Evolution works in favor of those who try to help people just as successful, or more successful, than themselves, the authors note. The catch here is that one is forced to do a lot of mental judging when trying to figure out exactly how successful another person really is. And that's a colossal, and pretty much never-ending, cognitive task.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chimp_Brain_in_a_jar.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>The scientists bolstered support for the hypothesis by running computer models that simulated how people make decisions when coming into contact with others. They were able to see how these model humans judged their counterparts, and this was used to determine which behaviors become stronger over time, as this process is carried out. </p><p>These judging behaviors have been very strong in humans, as they are used (and were even more so in the past) to ensure survival. Over time, the brains of the human population have expanded, and the models suggest that this phenomenon could be part of the reason why.</p><p>And this new information could be used to help us in the future, too. The researchers think what they learned could be applied to engineering intelligent, autonomous machines to act out appropriately when coming into contact with one another. For example, driverless cars of the future will need to manage themselves, but also know how to cooperate with other driverless cars.</p><p>So, while this information provides some interesting theories about human evolution in the past, it could be even more influential as we figure out how technology will evolve in the future.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dont-throw-away-silica-bags-2016-7">Why you should never throw away these bags again</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="tjeXg4MTE6jW8d0sn7kzwy3BAtrd1A7Y" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Scientists have an interesting theory about how we got such big brains

<ul class="summary-list"><li>University of Warwick researchers read every "<keyword id="6433339" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Game-of-Thrones">Game of Thrones</keyword>" book to determine what made the series a smash-hit, psychologically speaking.</li><li>They noted every character and how many times they interacted with each other, and then the researchers rearranged the story in chronological order.</li><li>The researchers found that author George R.R. Martin introduces just enough characters that the human brain can keep track, like they would with real-life relationships.</li><li>The non-chronological and character-centered narrative also makes each plot twist and death seem both believable and unpredictable, the study authors said.</li></ul><p>There could be a science-backed reason you can't put down the "Game of Thrones" books, according to <a href="https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2006465117">research</a> published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Researchers from the University of Warwick read the entire "Game of Thrones" saga by George R.R. Martin to see what factors made the series a global page-turner. They created a web of relationships between every character in the series (they didn't watch the TV series for this experiment) and looked at major moments in the plot, like when important characters were killed off.</p><p>They concluded there are two big reasons "Game of Thrones" is a cultural phenomenon: it mimics the way real-life social networks interact, and uses non-chronological order to make climactic moments, like characters' deaths, believable yet unpredictable. </p><p>"These books are known for unexpected twists, often in terms of the death of a major character, it is interesting to see how the author arranges the chapters in an order that makes this appear even more random than it would be if told chronologically," Dr. Pádraig MacCarron, one of the co-authors, said in a <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2020-11/uow-sb103020.php">press release</a>.</p><h2>The Game of Thrones character network mimics real-life relationships</h2><p>First, the researchers noted every character mentioned in the saga, and then manually connected characters who met at least once in the books, noting if they interacted more than once.</p><p>If a book's wording suggested two characters previously knew each other, the researchers also connected these characters.</p><p>They pinpointed 2,007 characters and found 1,806 interacted with another character at least once. There were 41,000 character-to-character interactions throughout the entire series.</p><div type="image" title="game of thrones social network" height="626" width="1160" msid="79009160" hostid="261"></div><p>In doing so, the researchers found that the relationships in "Game of Thrones" parallel real-life human relationships. That's because "Game of Thrones" author Martin never overloads readers with relationships and interactions.</p><p>Instead, Martin writes various chapters from different characters' perspectives so each chapter includes about 150 relationships at any given time, rather than the tens of thousands of relationships scattered throughout the books.</p><p>150 is the average number of relationships the human brain can process at once, the researchers said.</p><p>"This study offers convincing evidence that good writers work very carefully within the psychological limits of the reader," study co-author Robin Dunbar said in a <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2020-11/uow-sb103020.php">press release</a>.</p><h2>The non-chronological plot structure adds suspense</h2><p>The researchers also rearranged the story in chronological order <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/asoiaf/comments/185bfz/spoilers_all_communitycreated_master_timeline_can/">based on a Reddit timeline of events</a> to better understand how timing of major events, like a main character's death, added to the suspenseful nature fans love.</p><p>After rearranging, the study authors found that character deaths occur at predictable intervals when the story is read chronologically, and the deaths only seem sudden and surprising when read the way Martin intended.</p><p>"Portraying significant events by discourse time instead of as they happen appears to maintain the reader's suspense," the researchers wrote.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-its-like-to-apply-voice-actor-dipsea-audio-erotica-2020-8">A day in the life of an erotic voice actor, from auditioning to recording steamy love scenes at home</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/people-believe-conspiracy-theories-if-they-are-detached-narcissistic-2020-10">People are more likely to believe conspiracy theories if they are anxious, detached, or narcissistic, researchers find</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/dr-pimple-popper-celebrity-dermatologist-more-than-skin-deep-2020-10">Dr. Pimple Popper soothes the internet with her cyst-popping videos, but the celebrity dermatologist cuts more than skin deep</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/everything-we-learned-nxivm-cult-docuseries-seduced-2020-10">Everything we learned from 'Seduced,' the 4-part docuseries on alleged sex cult Nxivm</a></li></ul>

2 psychological reasons why we're so hooked on the 'Game of Thrones' saga, according to scientists

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>While watching "House of Cards," which brands do you notice the most?</p><p>Claire Underwood (Robin Wright) can usually be spotted on her Apple iPhone. Remy Denton (Mahershala Ali) is usually around a Buick. Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey) is always wearing his IWC watch.</p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">A total of 105 different brands appear in season 3 of "House of Cards." </span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">That may sound like a lot; however, its actually a decline from the 129 brands and the 134 brands that appear in seasons one and two, respectively, of the Netflix political series.</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="http://concavebt.com/">Concave</a>, a market research company that tracks and analyzes brand presence in entertainment content including TV shows and film, </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">tracked the branded companies in all three seasons of the show.</span></p><p>Concave provided Business Insider with a list of all the brands they found in "House of Cards."</p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here are the top 10 featured in season 3:</span></p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">Apple<br>IWC<br>Chevrolet<br>Washington Nationals<br>Avaya<br>Cartier<br>Nokia<br>Samsung<br>Blackberry<br>Dell</br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br></p><p>Below, you can see the top 20 brands across all three seasons:</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The list of most visible brands across seasons, differs slightly. Samsung moves up the list while CNN and NBC also appear in the top 10.</span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here are </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">the top five brands used by the different characters in the show.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">As noted in the slide above, Apple is among the top five brands of four actors while Samsung is associated in the top five brands for seven actors. </span></p><p>Nokia, Dell, and Samsung are brands used by secondary characters including Heather Dunbar (Elizabeth Marvel) and Seth Grayson (Derek Cecil).</p><p>How long are you seeing all of these brands on screen?</p><p>According to Concave, there are nearly four hours of brands visible in season three. That's more screen time than in season one, but less than season two. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">However, you probably wouldn't notice most of the brands.</span></p><p>Under 10% of the brands seen on screen across each season are close-ups. Most of the brand time on screen is in subtle, discreet, or background appearances.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here's the difference in how Concave discerns the different categories of visibility.</span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The brands you'll most likely recognize are the ones with close-up or obvious appearances. In season 3, those are Apple, Louboutin, Samsung, and Dell.</span></p><p>While Apple may be the brand with the overall most visibility across seasons, as Concave notes, 24% of Samsung's screen time is in the form of close-ups.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Below is the full list of 105 brands seen in season three. </span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">How many did you spot?</span></p><table style="width: 180px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> </col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td width="180" height="14">Apple</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Samsung</td></tr><tr><td height="14">IWC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Avaya</td></tr><tr><td height="14">CNN</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Chevrolet</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dell</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nokia</td></tr><tr><td height="14">NBC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Colbert Report</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Moscot</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Meredith Vieira Show</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Acer</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Meet the Press with Chuck Todd</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cartier</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cadillac</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Secure Terminal Equipement</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dodge</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Cycle</td></tr><tr><td height="14">MSNBC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Toshiba</td></tr><tr><td height="14">ABC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Office Depot</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Breitling</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nikon</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Rolex</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Blackberry</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Steinway &amp; Sons</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Granola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Washington Nationals</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Lead</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Al Jazeera</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Canon</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Ford</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sony</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Underwood</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Diet Coke</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Under Armour</td></tr><tr><td height="14">LG</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Coca-Cola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Mazda</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Welloby's</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Harley-Davidson</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Skin Plus</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Golden</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Budweiser</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Buick</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Bud Light</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Monument Valley</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Fiji</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Precor</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Ray Ban</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Whole Foods</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Yves Saint Laurent</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dishmate</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Scotch</td></tr><tr><td height="14">AT&amp;T</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Alfex</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Life Fitness</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Rubik's Cube</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sprite</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Chia Pod</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Stella Artois</td></tr><tr><td height="14">HemoFlow</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Thunderpower</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cortelco</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Louboutin</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Xybenetrin</td></tr><tr><td height="14">TCS</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Buspirone</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nike</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Asics</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Saucony</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Swiss Army</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Boeing</td></tr><tr><td height="14">WaterRower</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Stonyfield</td></tr><tr><td height="14">So Delicious Dairy Free</td></tr><tr><td height="14">365 Organic</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Burberry</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Smartwater</td></tr><tr><td height="14">NBC Nightly News</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Big Bang Theory</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Fanta</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Mother Jones</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Get Reddi</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Heinz</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Oakley</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nocciola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Honda</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Shock Top</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Banker's Box</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Philips</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Coltec</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Popchips</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Bad Girls Club</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sons of Anarchy</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Premium Bananas</td></tr><tr><td height="14">United States Postal Service</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Tropicana</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nail'd It</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Wen Hair</td></tr><tr><td height="14">My Crazy Love</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Tosh.0</td></tr><tr><td height="14">San Pellegrino</td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can view the full study from Concave <a href="http://concavebt.com/apple-still-number-1-brand-house-cards-3rd-season/">here</a>.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/house-of-cards-season-3-trailer-netflix-kevin-spacey-2015-2">The new trailer for Season 3 of 'House of Cards' is terrifying</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Q4d29qczqxlbbBjCazk9bGZj4tHG_OHE" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Here are all the brands that appear in 'House of Cards' season 3

<p><div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Shanidar_skull.jpg">By James Gordon from Los Angeles, California,</a></p></div>The way that the <keyword id="528865" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</keyword>' brains evolved over time may have been what eventually led to their downfall, a new study suggests.</p>
<p>The areas of the Neanderthal brain devoted to seeing and movement were larger than those in modern humans. This may have left less space in the brain for other tasks, said a new analysis of fossils published in the journal <a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.0168">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</a>, on Wednesday March 13 (GMT).</p>
<p>How Neanderthals died out while modern humans thrived has long fired debate among anthropologists. One puzzling question is why two species with similar brain sizes evolved so differently — one dying out and the other expanding globally.</p>
<p>Some scientists think that violence between groups or even at the hands of modern humans could have killed off the Neanderthals, who existed up to 24,000 years ago in parts of Europe. They could have also been outcompeted by humans, who were better hunters, or wiped out by disease.</p>
<p>Scientists Robin Dunbar and Eiluned Pearce from the University of Oxford and Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London have put forward a new theory. By comparing the skulls of several Neanderthals and modern humans, they found that though brain size was similar, the brain structures were likely very different.</p>
<p>The Neanderthals had much larger eye sockets, which meant they had larger eyes and would have had to devote a lot more of their brains to processing this information, a trait that's been <a href="http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/1/90">observed in some human populations</a> that live in lower light levels common in Northern Europe and Asia.</p>
<p>In the Neanderthal brain this would have cost them brain space that could have been used for planning, thinking, and social skills.</p>
<p><div class="image-container float_left" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHomo_neanderthalensis_adult_male_-_head_model_-_Smithsonian_Museum_of_Natural_History_-_2012-05-17.jpg">By Tim Evanson</a></p></div>"Since Neanderthals evolved at higher latitudes and also have bigger bodies than modern humans, more of the Neanderthal brain would have been dedicated to vision and body control, leaving less brain to deal with other functions like social networking," study researcher Eiluned Pearce said in a press release from the <a href="http://www.ox.ac.uk/">University of Oxford</a>. <a href="http://www.ox.ac.uk/"></a></p>
<p>The ability to manage large webs of complex social relationships is one of the key traits that distinguishes modern humans from the species that came before them. Everything from hunting to giving birth have been social activities for the human species. </p>
<p>Without the same ability, Neanderthals might have had more trouble finding support from one another in their cold, tough climate.</p>
<p>"Smaller social groups might have made Neanderthals less able to cope with the difficulties of their harsh Eurasian environments because they would have had fewer friends to help them out in times of need," said Pearce. "Overall, differences in brain organization and social cognition may go a long way towards explaining why Neanderthals went extinct whereas modern humans survived."</p>

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