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The government's <keyword id="20039960" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="One-Health-approach" source="keywords">One Health approach</keyword> is vital for both predicting as well as preventing any future <keyword id="21218421" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zoonotic-outbreaks" source="keywords">zoonotic outbreaks</keyword> (disease that jumps from animals to humans), health experts opined on Saturday, ahead of the <keyword id="135993" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-health-day" source="Orion">World Health Day</keyword> which is marked every year on April 7. <br /><br />This year's theme '<keyword id="21218422" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="my-health" source="Orion">My Health</keyword>, <keyword id="21218423" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="my-right" source="Orion">My Right</keyword>' focuses on equal access to quality health care.<br /><br />"The government's focus on the '<keyword id="6494932" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="one-health" source="Orion">One Health</keyword>' approach, recognising the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health, is vital for predicting and preventing future zoonotic disease outbreaks," Dr. Rohit Garg, consultant, infectious disease, Amrita Hospital Faridabad, told IANS.<br /><br />The experts noted that the country's response to recent outbreaks of the Covid-19 pandemic and the Nipah virus demonstrates its evolving capacity to manage infectious diseases, adding that lessons from each event have helped the country improve its preparedness for future pandemics, including the hypothetical <keyword id="6328063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Disease-X" source="Orion">Disease X</keyword>. <br /><br />"India's response to recent disease outbreaks has been moulded by our experience with Covid-19. Recent moves to expand the existing network of biosafety-level 3 and 4 laboratories, to expand surveillance for respiratory viruses, invest in diagnostic infrastructure, and formulate a One Health approach towards emerging diseases are welcome and important steps towards tackling such challenges," Gautam Menon, Dean, Research and Professor of Physics and Biology, Ashoka University, told IANS.<br /><br />Besides ramping up testing facilities, expanding healthcare infrastructure, contact tracing during the pandemic and the vaccination drive were among India's significant measures. The latter was one of the largest globally, with India also developing an indigenous vaccine, Covaxin, alongside deploying other vaccines.<br /><br />"These actions highlighted the country's ability to mobilise vast resources and innovate under pressure," said Dr Rohit.<br /><br />Similarly, during the Nipah virus outbreaks, although more localised, India employed rapid response teams, enhanced surveillance and implemented containment measures.<br /><br />"India, post-pandemic, is very different in terms of capacity for pathogen surveillance and pandemic prevention or control when compared to pre-pandemic times. This is partly infrastructural, in terms of greater scientific and health capacity, but mostly structural in terms of better-defined roles for existing organisations, and creation of new multi-stakeholder institutions e.g. for OneHealth," Anurag Agrawal, Dean of Bio Sciences and Health Research at Trivedi School of Biosciences at Ashoka University, told IANS.<br /><br />

Ahead of World Health Day, experts reiterate importance of govt's One Health approach in preventing future zoonotic outbreaks

Diseases deadlier than COVID-19 are already in the making — here are the top ten candidates that could cause the next pandemic

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>John Moore/Getty</span></p><p class="caption">Doctors Without Borders (MSF) staffer Alex Eilert Paulsen watches as mattresses and bed frames burn at the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) on January 31, 2015 in Paynesville, Liberia.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>The World Health Organization recently updated their blueprint for research that lists the diseases most likely to cause a global pandemic that could kill millions.</strong></li><li><strong>Along with hemorrhagic viruses like Ebola and mosquito-borne diseases like Zika, they added a mysterious new condition: "Disease X."</strong></li><li><strong>Disease X represents the unknown disease that's quite likely to cause the next pandemic.</strong></li></ul><p>The inescapable truth for those who study disease outbreaks, new viruses, and the spread of illness is a haunting one.</p><p>The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/disease-dangers-pandemic-influenza-ebola-2017-5">next pandemic is coming</a>.</p><p>Known, incurable diseases lurk in hidden reservoirs all over the world. Thousands of unknown viruses circulate around the globe. And in labs, both <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nih-lifts-ban-on-flu-mers-sars-virus-gain-of-function-research-2017-12">for the sake of experimentation</a> and potentially also for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">nefarious purposes</a>, research is conducted on biological agents to see if it's possible to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/plague-biological-weapon-2017-7">make them more deadly</a>.</p><p>In their <a href="http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/">recent blueprint for research on priority diseases</a> that could cause this pandemic, <a href="http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/">the World Health Organization</a> (WHO) added a new potential threat: Disease X.</p><p>"Disease X" stands for the unknown.</p><p>The rest of the diseases on that list are already-known conditions. These include <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/diseases.html">hemorrhagic fevers</a> like Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Rift Valley fever, Nipah, and henipaviral diseases. Other priority illnesses include coronaviruses like MERS and SARS and the mosquito-borne disease Zika.</p><p>Viruses and bacteria can mutate and become more infectious or deadly (or both), and there's a constant risk that new illnesses could find ways to jump from their hosts to humans.</p><p>It's likely that whatever pathogen causes the next pandemic, it'll be something we don't know how to react to. And as we've seen when new diseases like Zika first emerge, we're not able to stop these illnesses from rapidly spreading with devastating results.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Pigs in a factory farm could pick up a bird virus.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>What to expect from an unknown disease</h2><p>As the WHO's description explains, the disease that turns out to be "Disease X" could be one that we don't yet know is dangerous.</p><p>Seemingly non-threatening diseases have changed course before. </p><p>As Dr. Michael Kurilla, director of the Office of Biodefense Research Resources and Translational Research at the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/zika-virus-shows-why-emerging-diseases-are-so-dangerous-2016-1">told Business Insider in 2016</a>, for years we thought certain viruses known as coronaviruses were relatively innocuous.</p><p>"But then SARS came around," he said then, referring to the 2002-2003 outbreak of the coronavirus that infected more than 8,000 and killed approximately 10% of those infected. Ten years later came MERS. Both of these ended up on the WHO blueprint for research on diseases that could cause the next pandemic - as did Zika, which until recently hadn't been considered a disease of major concern.</p><p>A pandemic could also come from a mutated version of an existing pathogen.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html">National Archives</a></span></p><p class="caption">It's almost certain that we'll eventually see a disease like the 1918 pandemic influenza that was one of the deadliest events in human history.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>A deadly flu</h2><p>A mutated flu has long been a contender for the source  of our next pandemic, according to virologists and epidemiologists.</p><p>"We are coming up on the centenary of the 1918 influenza pandemic," George Poste, a member of the <a href="http://www.biodefensestudy.org/">Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense</a>, a group created to assess the state of biodefense in the US, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">previously told Business Insider</a>. "We've been fortunately spared anything on that scale for the past 100 years, but it is inevitable that a pandemic strain of equal virulence will emerge."</p><p>Writing in the Daily Mail, Dr. Jonathan Quick, a faculty member of Harvard Medical School and chair of the Global Health Council, recently said that our factory farm system could be the perfect incubator for a pandemic flu. There are thousands of close-together pigs potentially exposed to chickens or wild birds, which creates the perfect opportunity for a bird flu to acquire the genes needed to start infecting mammals like pigs - and humans.</p><p>"The renegade influenza viruses they spawn could one day annihilate the people they feed," <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5465241/Why-believe-killer-flu-pandemic-just-corner.html">he wrote</a>.</p><p>And there's always the possibility that someone intentionally could create and spread a pandemic disease. That's the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">scariest global disaster that Melinda Gates can imagine</a> happening within the next ten years, she recently said in an interview at South By Southwest.</p><p>For preparations sake, she said we should have the equivalent of a disease-monitoring organization like the CDC solely focused on bioterrorism.</p><p>As journalist David Quammen explained in his book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Spillover-Animal-Infections-Human-Pandemic/dp/0393066800?tag=bisafetynet2-20">Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic</a>," a deadly new virus will inevitably appear: "If you're a thriving population, living at high density but exposed to new bugs, it's just a matter of time until the [Next Big One] arrives."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/peter-diamandis-how-silicon-valley-can-make-100-new-60-2018-2">What Silicon Valley is doing to make humans live longer</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

The World Health Organization has listed 'Disease X' as the next potential pandemic - here's how worried you should be

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Twenty groups of scientists are trying to create a single <keyword id="24209" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine">vaccine</keyword> that fights multiple coronaviruses.</li><li><keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">Coronavirus</keyword> is the virus family that SARS-CoV-2 - which caused the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-variant-map-covid-risk-vaccination-rate-arkansas-nevada-missouri-2021-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COVID-19 pandemic</a> - belongs to.</li><li>An expert said scientists could make the vaccine within five years, preventing future pandemics.</li></ul><p>Scientists could soon create a vaccine that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pan-coronavirus-vaccine-variants-future-pandemics-2021-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fights most coronaviruses,</a> potentially preventing future pandemics, a foundation that funds vaccine development has said.</p><p>More than 20 research groups are trying to develop "broadly-protective" vaccines that can work against multiple coronaviruses. This is the family of viruses that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-variant-map-covid-risk-vaccination-rate-arkansas-nevada-missouri-2021-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, belongs to.</p><p>If these researchers are successful then the next time a coronavirus <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wuhan-lab-leak-animal-spillover-coronavirus-origin-questions-2021-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">crosses from animals to humans</a> - which is seen as the most likely cause of future coronavirus pandemics - we would immediately deploy vaccines that work against it. </p><p>In March, <a href="https://cepi.net/news_cepi/cepi-launches-funding-call-to-advance-development-of-broadly-protective-coronavirus-vaccines/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)</a> announced up to $200 million for broadly-protective vaccines. <keyword id="504678" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="CEPI">CEPI</keyword> was co-founded in 2017 by the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-melinda-gates-foundation-as-their-fourth-child-2021-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, the Wellcome Trust, and several countries to fund vaccine research for emerging diseases, including <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disease-x-who-lists-mystery-disease-as-potential-next-pandemic-2018-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Disease X</a>, an unspecified organism that could cause future epidemics.</p><p>Nick Jackson, head of programmes and innovative technology at CEPI, told Insider he was optimistic that scientists could make a fully-tested vaccine that works against most coronaviruses in three to five years.</p><p><strong><em>Read more:</em></strong> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccine-mrna-covid-drug-treatment-future-of-medicine-2021-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Experts explain why the mRNA tech that revolutionized COVID-19 vaccines could be the answer to incurable diseases, heart attacks, and even snake bites: 'The possibilities are endless'</em></a></p><p>Broadly protective vaccines would "cover the majority of known coronavirus threats" and "if really successful" would also protect against unknown viruses that are yet to emerge, he said.</p><p>Jackson said CEPI wanted to help create a vaccine for each theoretical future threat, creating "libraries" of vaccines parked around the world at strategic geographical locations. "So if Disease X happens to emerge in Sub-Saharan Africa, we have a solution in our library that can be used right  away," Jackson said.</p><p>Jackson cautioned that a "universal" coronavirus vaccine for all coronaviruses was a "tall order," and potentially "unfeasible," because the coronavirus family was so large. In the past 10 years, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease has identified hundreds of new coronaviruses, he said.</p><p>Kirsty Le Doare, professor of Vaccinology and Immunology at Imperial College London, told Insider that it would take five to ten years of continued investment to develop broadly protective-coronavirus vaccines. "Scientifically there's always been the opportunity, but there's been no investment," she said.</p><p>CEPI has already invested $33 million in <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/vbiv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">US-based biotech VBI Vaccines</a> and $170 million in Korea's SKI bioscience to develop "variant-proof" vaccines that protect against multiple COVID-19 variants in a single shot. </p>

Scientists could create a single vaccine that fights multiple coronaviruses within 5 years, potentially preventing the next pandemic, an expert says

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>St. Jude</span></p><p class="caption">A new experimental gene therapy has cured babies born with a genetic disease dubbed "bubble boy" syndrome.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Babies who are born with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) don't have disease-fighting immune cells. For them, the outside world is an intensely dangerous place. </li><li>XSCID was nicknamed "bubble boy" disease because of a young boy named <a href="https://primaryimmune.org/living-pi-explaining-pi-others/story-david">David Vetter,</a> who <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/curing-the-disease-that-trapped-the-bubble-boy-2012-9">famously</a> lived his entire life in a protective plastic bubble. Vetter died more than 30 years ago, at age 12, after a failed treatment. </li><li>St. Jude scientists just announced that they have successfully cured babies with XSCID, using a new experimental gene therapy that targets the disease at the genetic level.  </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit BusinessInsider.com for more stories. </a></li></ul><p>For babies born with the severe genetic condition known as "bubble boy" disease, a run-of-the-mill common cold can be deadly.</p><p>Born without crucial disease-fighting immune cells, they must be kept isolated from the outside world for their own protection. Months in the hospital and being treated for severe infections is the norm. Without treatment, most born with the disease die as infants. </p><p>A new experimental medicine is now being called a cure for the condition by researchers at <a href="https://www.stjude.org/">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</a>. Ten babies born with the genetic disease, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID), have been successfully treated, with no apparent side effects, the researchers said on Wednesday.</p><p>The kids are now making their own immune cells. Nearly all have been able to go home with their families and live normal lives, including attending day care, with one more recently treated child remaining at St. Jude for the time being.</p><p>"This is a first for patients with XSCID," said Dr. <a href="https://www.stjude.org/directory/m/ewelina-mamcarz.html">Ewelina Mamcarz,</a> of the St. Jude Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Mamcarz is the first author on a paper about the results, which reports on the first eight children to get the treatment and is being published in the peer-reviewed <a href="https://www.nejm.org/">New England Journal of Medicine</a>.</p><h2>A severe genetic disease that rose to fame in the 1970s may now have a cure</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP</span></p><p class="caption">David Vetter.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>XSCID, which according to US government <a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/x-linked-severe-combined-immunodeficiency#">estimates</a> probably affects at least 1 in 100,000 newborns, became famous in the 1970s because of a young boy with XSCID named <a href="https://primaryimmune.org/living-pi-explaining-pi-others/story-david">David Vetter</a><span>.</span></p><p><span>Vetter lived his <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/curing-the-disease-that-trapped-the-bubble-boy-2012-9">entire life in a plastic bubble</a>, to protect him from a deadly infection, becoming known as "the bubble boy."</span></p><p><span>His story quickly captured the public's <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/us/the-boy-in-the-bubble-moved-a-world-he-couldnt-touch.html">sympathy and imagination,</a> and even inspired a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/curing-the-disease-that-trapped-the-bubble-boy-2012-9">made-for-TV movie</a> about Vetter starring John Travolta. </span></p><p>Those plastic chambers are now gone, but those with XSCID today still need to be kept in protective isolation, sheltering them from infection.</p><p>One current treatment option is a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-bone-marrow-transplant-and-how-does-it-work-hiv-cure-2019-3">bone marrow transplant,</a> but not everyone can find a matching donor, and the treatments don't always work. The latter was the case for Vetter, who died at age 12 after an unsuccessful transplant. </p><p><em><strong>Read more: </strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-bone-marrow-transplant-and-how-does-it-work-hiv-cure-2019-3">The treatment that cured 2 men of HIV may also help with a remarkable array of more than 70 deadly diseases</a></em></p><p>There has long been hope that gene therapy, a cutting-edge new area of medicine that tinkers with the body's genetic material to treat disease, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-britain-backs-gsks-gene-therapy-for-bubble-boy-syndrome-2017-10">could help.</a> But in early treatments some patients went on to <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080807175438.htm">develop leukemia</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stanford-ethicist-on-bill-gates-worries-about-gene-therapy-2019-3">stymieing</a> research efforts. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>St. Jude</span></p><p class="caption">MB-107 is a new experimental gene therapy being developed by the $80 million biotech Mustang Bio and tested out at St. Jude.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>The new experimental treatment is called MB-107, and it's being developed by the biotech <a href="https://www.mustangbio.com/">Mustang Bio</a>, which has a  market value of roughly $80 million. The researchers worked to minimize the risk that patients would develop leukemia.</p><p>That has so far been successful, with no patients from the research trial developing the cancer.</p><p>The treatment begins with a patient's stem cells, which are collected and treated outside the body with a hollowed-out virus, introducing a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gene-and-cell-therapy-companies-manufacturing-problems-delays-2019-4">normally-functioning gene</a> to the cells.</p><p>Patients then get chemotherapy, before being infused with their newly-altered cells. The entire process takes about 10 days from start to finish.</p><p><em><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gene-and-cell-therapy-companies-manufacturing-problems-delays-2019-4">'This is the most complicated process I've ever seen': As billions flow into gene therapy, top execs say a crisis is brewing in the hottest new area of medicine</a></em></p><p>The use of low doses of chemotherapy was an innovation borrowed from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-bone-marrow-transplant-and-how-does-it-work-hiv-cure-2019-3">bone marrow transplants</a>, where it is used to wipe out a patient's existing immune system. In the new experimental gene therapy, it seemed to improve uptake of the treatment and minimize safety issues.</p><p>Researchers say this is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gene-therapy-treats-disease-but-prices-could-strain-us-health-system-2019-2">effectively a cure</a> for XSCID, but they don't know yet how long it will last. They've tracked patients for two-and-a-half years at most so far.  </p><p>In terms of "physiological, quality of life - this is a cure," Dr. James Downing, president and CEO of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, said. "The question is, will it be durable and last 10, 20, 50 years for these children?"</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li><strong>Read more:</strong></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/icer-nonprofit-harvard-targeting-high-us-drug-prices-led-by-steven-pearson-2019-4">Meet the little-known Harvard spinoff that's standing up to Big Pharma and setting its own price tags for new drugs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spark-bluebird-avexis-executives-on-safety-for-gene-therapy-companies-2019-3">Billions of dollars are pouring into gene-therapy startups. Top execs at 3 companies described the biggest challenge the new field faces.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gene-and-cell-therapy-companies-manufacturing-problems-delays-2019-4">'This is the most complicated process I've ever seen': As billions flow into gene therapy, top execs say a crisis is brewing in the hottest new area of medicine</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nocion-therapeutics-27-million-series-a-for-non-opioid-pain-drug-2019-4">A startup just raised $27 million to make a new kind of painkiller using technology from Harvard scientists, as the race to replace opioids heats up</a></li></ul><p class="tagline"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/ai-in-us-healthcare?IR=T&amp;utm_source=businessinsider&amp;utm_medium=ctgr&amp;utm_term=ctgr_leadgen&amp;utm_content=dhealth_ctgr_leadgen&amp;utm_campaign=dhealth_ctgr_leadgen_ai_in_us_healthcare"></a></hr></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-falcon-heavy-elon-musk-second-launch-video-2019-4">Watch SpaceX launch and land Falcon Heavy, the world's most powerful rocket</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

You Searched For "Disease X" and got 5 results

Ahead of World Health Day, experts reiterate importance of govt's One Health approach in preventing future zoonotic outbreaks

IANS

Diseases deadlier than COVID-19 are already in the making — here are the top ten candidates that could cause the next pandemic

Prabhjote Gill

The World Health Organization has listed 'Disease X' as the next potential pandemic - here's how worried you should be

Kevin Loria

Scientists could create a single vaccine that fights multiple coronaviruses within 5 years, potentially preventing the next pandemic, an expert says

Dr. Catherine Schuster-Bruce

There's now a cure for the deadly genetic disorder known as 'bubble boy' disease

Emma Court

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