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The Indian legal system has been a pioneer in accepting DNA testing as evidence way back in 1985, even though high profile crime convictions via the DNA route started in the US and the UK from 1988. However, India, the world’s second most populous country, has lagged behind in its efforts to create a suitable infrastructure for large-scale DNA profiling. 
 
A Bill was introduced back in 2007 to lay down the framework for DNA profiling in India but ran into considerable difficulty. But before we blame it on the stereotypical sloth of the Indian system, it might be helpful if we try and grasp the complexity of the issue and the logistics involved. 
 
Where there’s a Bill, there’s a way 
Let’s recognise that building an extensive DNA database is not just a logistic issue – the biggest hurdles involve individual liberty and confidentiality. 
 
The process of collecting, storing and using a person’s DNA has to be highly regulated. Otherwise, this confidential information, which can be used to determine family and medical history, is liable to be grossly misused. 
 
This was a notable area of weakness in the 2007 edition of the Bill. The current version of the Bill, circulated in 2012, has provisions for up to three years of imprisonment and a monetary fine, in case of DNA data misuse. 
 Other safeguards include specific guidelines for the storage of DNA and its disposal. Moral, ethical and legal issues related to DNA profiling can be appealed by citizens to a <keyword id="2024124" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="40" keywordseo="DNA-Profiling-Board">DNA Profiling Board</keyword> that will be set up at both national and state levels. The same authority will supervise the functioning of the DNA labs, which will be responsible for collection, storage and analysis of DNA data. 
 Most importantly, the 2012 Bill goes beyond just crime-specific use of DNA. While crime remains the topmost motivation for the government to establish a National DNA <keyword id="418178" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="40" keywordseo="data-bank">Data Bank</keyword>, there will be indices for missing persons, unknown deceased and even one for volunteers. 
 
However, the more widespread the use, the more widespread the concerns about civil liberties and potential for abuse. 
 
Science of size 
The UK and the US have about 4 million and 10 million entries in their respective DNA databases. Their populations are roughly 65 million and 315 million, respectively. Going by the same ratios, you can imagine the humongous task ahead in a country of 1.2 billion and counting. 
 
Pro-DNA profiling experts believe that DNA profiling, with its unique ability to come up with 1 in 100 trillion matches, is ideally suited for India. Provided there’s an easy fix to collect this data. 
 
This is where India is faced with a classic conundrum – an inability to scale infrastructure in line with aspirations. Although the country is plagued by a rising number of rape cases and other violent crimes, it has just 25 labs and 60 forensic experts who can handle criminal cases. There is a shortfall of 1,000 DNA experts, according to a study by a parliamentary group. 
 The huge size of the proposed Indian database has also drawn flak from overseas experts. Critics cite the UK, which saw a massive growth in database size, but the percentage of successful crime detection through DNA evidence actually declined there. It further led to the <keyword id="67372" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="UK-government">UK government</keyword> reviewing its laws and removing 1 million records from the DNA database. 
 Critics fear that in their newfound zeal to make DNA profiling a success in India, law enforcement agencies will not focus so much on the analysis of DNA found at a crime scene, which even <keyword id="56953" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="40" keywordseo="CSI">CSI</keyword> viewers will tell you is the real deal, but one has to build up a database of as many offenders as possible. 
 
A large database cannot be a substitute for diligent and efficient police work and a botched DNA collection leading to dubious investigations is certainly not a novelty in India or the rest of the world. 
 
Analysing the demand While crime-fighting through DNA testing continues to make headlines, actual DNA profiling done in India reveals a niche scenario. Data collected from the <keyword id="472616" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Centre-for-DNA-Fingerprinting">Centre for DNA Fingerprinting</keyword> and Diagnostics (CDFD) for 2010-2011 showed that identification of the deceased and paternity cases were the topmost drivers for profiling cases. Only in 12 cases, crime detection was the reason for requesting a DNA profile. 
 
Ironically, these non-criminal cases may lead to the growth of private labs that have already proliferated and are preparing DNA profiles for as less as Rs 10,000 ($160). The government will have to find a way to regulate, license and co-opt such labs into the legal framework, which will also ensure that the National DNA Data Bank becomes a reality. 
 
Undoubtedly, technological advances have to make their way into every aspect of human society. With India accounting for 17% of the population worldwide, there is no way that its directives about the citizens’ DNA profiles can be kept low profile. 
 
Image: Thinkstock

Can
DNA Profiling Pass The Indian Test?

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Trump said privately at Mar-a-Lago that he looks forward to doing a perp walk, per The New York Times.</li><li>Trump has also wondered aloud if he should smile for reporters and cameras if he is charged.</li></ul>Behind closed doors at his Mar-a-Lago residence, former President Donald Trump has been telling his friends and associates that he wouldn't mind being perp-walked in front of a throng of reporters in New York, per <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/21/us/politics/trump-pending-indictment.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&amp;referringSource=articleShare" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The New York Times.</a>Trump has even been thinking about what sort of behavior from him would play best with the public, and whether he should smile for the cameras as he is taken away by the authorities, reported The Times' Michael Bender and Maggie Haberman. The Times also reported that in private conversations, Trump characterized the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/us/perp-walk.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">perp walk</a> — where an arrested suspect is frog-marched through a scrum of reporters — as a potentially enjoyable experience.One person close to Trump told The Times that Trump is not so concerned about being seen while he's surrendering to the authorities, but wants to show people that he's not ashamed or hiding.However, a perp walk is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-indictment-ny-what-to-expect-2023-3">not likely to happen</a> if Trump is charged with a crime.Bill Pickle, a former Secret Service special agent, told Insider's Laura Italiano that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-indictment-ny-what-to-expect-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the perp walk Trump is looking forward to won't happen.</a> The process of him being taken away by authorities will likely be a much more "sedate event" than one would imagine, Pickle said. "You're not going to expose him to people who could cause him harm," Pickles said.Neither would he be handcuffed, Manhattan defense lawyer Ron Kuby told Insider. In case of an emergency where Trump is faced with danger, the handcuffs could limit his mobility. Another rationale for the subdued procession is that handcuffs could anger Trump supporters, Kuby said. However, some customary protocols will be followed. If Trump is charged, he'll be photographed for a mugshot, have his fingerprint taken, and be swabbed for the state DNA database, experts told Insider.Despite this looming indictment, Trump seems to be going about his business without many disruptions to his routine. The Times reported that he was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-golf-cart-party-dj-indictment-manhattan-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spotted rolling around on his golf cart</a> and that he also DJ-ed at a party held at his Florida residence. On Tuesday — the day that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-truth-social-indictment-charges-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump earlier claimed he would be arrested</a> — he was staying in at Mar-a-Lago and checking out his performance in the polls, his lawyer Joe Tacopina told <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-normal-day-said-arrest-tuesday-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Insider's Jacob Shamsian</a>. Trump was not arrested or indicted on Tuesday. "He's going about business as usual, doing what he does, enjoying the fact that he seems to be rising in the poll numbers the more this thing picks up steam," Tacopina said.Tacopina has also said that Trump <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-will-surrender-if-indicted-lawyer-manhattan-da-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">will surrender if indicted</a>. "They want him at 100 Centre Street? He'll be there, loud and proud," Tacopina <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-tacopina-trump-lawyer-manhattan-indictment-all-out-war-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said on Monday,</a> referring to the Manhattan Criminal Court. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-alvin-bragg-indictment-preemptive-attack-2023-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg</a> is investigating if Trump paid off the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-stormy-daniels-porn-star-affair-donald-trump-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">adult film actress</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stormy-daniels-donald-trump-admit-affair-accidentally-2023-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stormy Daniels</a> and violated New York election and document laws. Trump could <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-risks-zero-to-4-years-jail-ny-hush-money-2023-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">face up to four years in prison</a> if convicted. Trump's spokesman did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment sent outside regular business hours.

Donald Trump is privately musing about a potential perp walk in New York and asking aides if he should smile for the camera: report

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Trump turned himself in at 1:22 p.m. on Tuesday at a lower Manhattan courthouse.</li><li>He will now get booked before his afternoon arraignment following his historic indictment. </li></ul>Donald Trump surrendered into the custody of the Manhattan district attorney's office at 1:22 p.m. on Tuesday.He will remain under arrest until mid-afternoon, when he'll enter a plea of "not guilty" and a judge will let him go home."Once he walks in to the DA's office to surrender, he is under arrest," said veteran Manhattan defense attorney Ron Kuby."The definition of being under arrest is when a reasonable person believes that they are not free to leave," Kuby explained."And he, most definitely, from the time of surrender until he's released, is not free to leave."Trump arrived via motorcade at 100 Centre Street, a towering, 1940s-era building faced in limestone, granite, and decades of grime. The building houses the DA's office and Manhattan Criminal Court.Crowds of onlookers and journalists have surrounded the building since the dawn — all straining for a glimpse of the former president's arrival.On his way to the courthouse, Trump posted about his ride to Truth Social. "WOW, they are going to ARREST ME," he wrote. "Can't believe this is happening in America. MAGA!"But few in the press or public witnessed the historic moment when Trump turned himself in.Trump's motorcade, which included Secret Service vehicles and an NYPD escort, pulled alongside the decorative brass doors of the district attorney's office. With his attorneys and Secret Service detail in tow, he stepped inside.Their destination will likely be the building's seventh and ninth floors, where Trump will be booked.<h2>Who actually has custody of Trump?</h2>Trump is in the custody of "DA investigators," so-called "peace officers" who work for District Attorney Alvin Bragg and wear the dark suits and leather gun holsters of police detectives."Most of them are retired NYPD," explains attorney Diana Florence, a former Manhattan prosecutor who specialized in white-collar crimes.It's the DA investigators who "book" Trump, a process that begins with the former president emptying his pockets."The DA investigators tell the defendant, 'Give your wallet, and your jewelry, and your keys and all that stuff to your lawyer to hold," Florence said. "You're not supposed to have anything in your pockets."<h2>What will Trump's 'booking' be like?</h2>Trump's lawyers will at this point be told to wait in a separate room while his Secret Service detail accompanies him through booking.If he's processed in the routine way, Trump will be "printed," meaning his fingerprints will be taken.Perps are no longer printed using paper and ink. "They do computer scans," Florence said, usually on the building's ninth floor, where the NYPD keeps a scanner. "It's like placing your hands on a photocopier," she said.Images of Trump's prints would be uploaded to a state system and checked <a href="https://irp.fas.org/agency/doj/fbi/is/ncic.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">against a national, FBI database</a>. Prints are run on anyone arrested in New York, and Trump will be no different."They check to see if you have a record or any open warrants," Florence said.<h2>Next, a mugshot?</h2>It's unclear if Trump's mugshot will then be taken, but if it is, it would be shot on the building's seventh floor. It wouldn't look like those mugshots in the movies."It's not like that famous photo of Frank Sinatra's mugshot, that everybody knows," said Florence. "It's taken by a webcam — just your face with a white background, basically like a passport photo." If one is taken, don't expect to see it, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-mugshot-indictment-private-unless-public-leak-2023-4">unless someone in the NYPD or the court system leaks it.</a>Mugshots are presumptively private in New York state.<h2>Height? Weight? No one will check if Trump fibs</h2>The DA investigators will also take Trump's pedigree information — name, date of birth, address, phone number, that sort of thing.No one will check if <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-the-girther-movement-trump-weight-2018-1">Trump's lying about his weight and height.</a>"There's no scale, there's no one with a tape measure," she said. "It's on the honor system.""It's not a crime to lie about your height and weight," Kuby noted. "But hair color can be kind of a crap shoot. They don't necessarily put down what you think your hair color is." And finally, assuming Trump is being processed for a felony-level offense, and they book him by the book, the inside of his mouth will be <a href="https://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/forensic/dnadatabank.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">swabbed for the state DNA database</a>.His genome would remain in the database — searchable by state and federal law enforcement — regardless of whether Trump is convicted, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/04/us/supreme-court-says-police-can-take-dna-samples.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the US Supreme Court ruled a decade ago</a>.<h2>Then, he waits</h2>Trump will be arraigned in the courtroom of New York Supreme Court Justice Juan Merchan, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-risks-zero-to-4-years-jail-ny-hush-money-2023-1">likely on charges of falsifying business records</a>, a low-level felony for allegedly cooking his business books to hide a $130,000 "hush-money" payment to adult-film actress Stormy Daniels in 2016.Trump stridently denies any wrongdoing and has insisted that he never had a sexual encounter with Daniels, as she claims. He has repeatedly criticized Bragg, a Democrat, for conducting a politically-biased "witch hunt."Trump may have to wait, still in custody, for some time before his arraignment begins.Once booking is complete, wealthy defendants charged with white-collar crimes usually wait for their arraignments in a holding cell, like any other defendant, Florence said."There's a cell in the processing area in the DA investigators' offices," she said. But Trump may be allowed to wait in slightly nicer surroundings."They may put him in an interrogation room," Kuby said. "Windowless, or with one of those one-way mirrors where people can see you but you can't see out."<h2>Lunch will be served</h2>Since he could be waiting during the lunch break, Trump will likely be offered food and something to drink."The investigators certainly will offer him a sandwich or a donut — or a Diet Coke," Florence said.And in what may be some of the only good news of the day for Trump, there's a McDonald's on Canal Street, just a six minute walk away.They may even get him his favorite order: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trumps-mcdonalds-order-review-2017-12">two Big Macs, two Filet-O-Fishes, and a large chocolate milkshake.</a>All the while, anything Trump says in the presence of law enforcement could be used against him. "Usually, 'I want a hamburger' wouldn't count as a statement" that could be used against him, Kuby said. "But 'I didn't mean to do it' would."

Trump arrested: Ex-president surrendered himself to New York prosecutors at 1:22 p.m. local time Tuesday

Leaked <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/11/leaked-palantir-doc-reveals-uses-specific-functions-and-key-clients/">documents obtained by TechCrunch&#xa0;have&#xa0;shed new light on Palantir</a>, a secretive data analysis company whose tools are used more than a dozen U.S. government agencies, including the NSA and FBI.
In late 2013, Palantir <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/05/big-data-company-palantir-is-raising-58m-at-a-hefty-9b-valuation/">raised money at a $9 billion valuation</a> -&#xa0;but despite this, very little information about the company is publicly available. &#xa0;&#xa0;
<a href="https://www.palantir.com/about/">The company's website alludes to</a> "augmenting human intelligences," and claims to have produced the "world's best experience for working with data." Thanks to a private document produced at the time of its 2013 funding round seen by TechCrunch, we now know what that means in real terms.
Palantir provides data analysis solutions for its customers, focusing in three areas: Government, finance, and legal research. The company offers customers advanced search tools that allow them to make sense of vast quantities of complex data without requiring any coding expertise.&#xa0;
Previously, a government agency would have had to hire specialist engineers to analyse the data Palantir is designed for. Thanks to the tools Palantir offers, anyone can dig in to petabytes of data, using natural language queries.&#xa0;
Peter Thiel, a co-founder of PayPal, is also a Palantir co-founder. Four out of Palantir's five-person management team previously worked at PayPal - and the company claims to draw upon this wealth of knowledge for its fraud-detection algorithms.&#xa0;
There's also several success stories included - most notably, that Palantir was instrumental in bringing down disgraced banker Bernie Madoff. "A firm hired by the Securities Investment Protectino Corporation used Palantir's software to sort through the mountains of data, over 40 years of records, to convict Ponzi schemer Bernie Madoff," <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/11/leaked-palantir-doc-reveals-uses-specific-functions-and-key-clients/">TechCrunch reports</a>. The software is so advanced that it was able "to construct a story around key events... in just a couple of hours."
Here's <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/11/leaked-palantir-doc-reveals-uses-specific-functions-and-key-clients/">another example</a> of how it's used:
The Pentagon used the software to track patterns in roadside bomb deployment and was able to conclude that garage-door openers were being used as remote detonators. With Palantir, the Marines are now able to upload DNA samples from remote locations and tap into information gathered from years of collecting fingerprints and DNA evidence. The results are returned almost immediately. Without Palantir, the suspects would have already moved onto a different location by the time the field agents received the results.
We've previously known that the company's software was licensed by government bodies -&#xa0;<a href="http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/05/big-data-company-palantir-is-raising-58m-at-a-hefty-9b-valuation/">including the NSA, FBI and CIA</a> - but we now know who else pays for Palantir's services. There's more than a dozen US Government clients, including the Marine Corps, the Air Force, Special Operations Command, the National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children, and the LAPD.
Palantir's been praised by its customers. One LAPD officer says that it's "brought great success" and "supports the cops on the streets and the officers doing investigations." A former marine who now works for a military contractor said Palantir is "the combination of every analytical tool you could ever dream of. You will know every single bad guy in your area."&#xa0;And 96% of Palantir users with the US Army in Afghanistan also reportedly said they prefer it to the Army's in-house data analysis tools.

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