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The <keyword id="19915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Space Research Organisation" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword>) is gearing up for a historic mission: landing a <keyword id="21695719" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rover" source="keywords">rover</keyword> and <keyword id="20334867" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="helicopter" source="keywords">helicopter</keyword> on Mars! This audacious feat, currently only achieved by the US and China, aims to solidify India's place as a major space player. The many features and objectives of the <keyword id="21695716" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mangalyaan-2" source="keywords">Mangalyaan-2</keyword> mission were presented on National Technology Day at the Space Application Centre last week. India's heaviest rocket — the <keyword id="21695717" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Launch-Vehicle-Mark-III" source="keywords">Launch Vehicle Mark-III</keyword> (LVM3) will facilitate this mission’s launch. Let’s take a look at what this illustrious mission will entail. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute" comment="subhead" text="Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute">Landing like a boss with a sky crane and supersonic parachute </cmsannotation>Forget airbags and ramps! ISRO's rover will arrive on Mars in style, courtesy of a sophisticated sky crane. Inspired by NASA's successful Perseverance rover landing and probably Tom Cruise’s in Mission Impossible, this ingenious system will gently lower the rover onto the Martian surface, ensuring a safe and precise touchdown even in tricky terrain. And to survive the fiery descent through the Martian atmosphere, ISRO is developing a supersonic parachute – a crucial piece of technology for this daring mission. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter" comment="subhead" text="Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter">Taking flight on Mars with a special helicopter </cmsannotation>The real showstopper might be the helicopter that ISRO is designing for the mission. Indian engineers are busy crafting this rotorcraft specifically designed to fly in the thin Martian atmosphere. This high-tech marvel will carry a suite of scientific instruments, including "MarBLE" (Martian Boundary Layer Explorer), which will study the Martian atmosphere during its daring 100-metre flights. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Staying connected with a relay satellite" comment="subhead" text="Staying connected with a relay satellite">Staying connected with a <keyword id="21695718" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="relay-satellite" source="keywords">relay satellite</keyword> </cmsannotation>Maintaining steady communication with your parents while living in a different city may get challenging due to subpar mobile reception. But ISRO will be able to do so with the Mangalyaan spacecraft even while it is over 200 kilometres away from Earth! To ensure seamless communication with the wandering rover and helicopter, ISRO plans to deploy a relay satellite ahead of the mission. This crucial link will act as a bridge between Mars and Earth, guaranteeing uninterrupted data flow and mission control. With a powerful Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3) propelling the mission toward Mars, ISRO's second attempt promises to be a technological marvel. This ambitious project not only showcases India's growing space prowess but also paves the way for further exploration of our cosmic neighbour. So, stay tuned as India takes its giant leap for Martian exploration – it's sure to be a thrilling ride!

ISRO announces plans to make India the third country to reach Mars, draws inspiration from NASA’s probes

In a significant development, the <keyword id="53289" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-2</keyword> orbiter which was already fixed around the <keyword id="42440" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">moon</keyword> established a two-way connection with the lander module of <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> on Monday. "'Welcome, buddy!' Ch-2 orbiter formally welcomed Ch-3 LM (lander module). Two-way communication between the two is established. MOX (Mission Operations Complex) has now more routes to reach the LM," ISRO posted on X, formerly Twitter. Chandrayaan-3 is set to land on the moon on August 23, 2023, around 18:04 IST. Live actions will be available on the ISRO website, its YouTube channel, Facebook, and public broadcaster DD National TV from 17:27 IST on Aug 23, 2023. Ahead of the much-awaited soft landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the south pole of the Moon, former director of the <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) and in-charge of the previous lunar mission 'Chandrayaan-2', K Sivan on Monday said that the mission will be a "grand success". "It's a very anxious moment...I'm sure that this time it will be a grand success," Sivan said while speaking to ANI. "We have our own system and we will be establishing a soft landing without any problem. But it is a complex process," he said while responding to a question asked whether there would be any impact after the failure of Russia's Luna-25 mission. Russia's moon mission failed after its Luna-25 spacecraft spun out of control and smashed into the moon on Sunday. He said that corrective measures have been taken after going through data generated by the Chandrayaan-2 mission. When asked if those additional systems too were indigenous, Sivan said, "Everything is indigenous." Earlier today, ISRO released images of the lunar far side area captured by the Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC). This camera assists in locating a safe landing area -- without boulders or deep trenches -- during the descent. Notably, the 'Vikram' lander module of the spacecraft successfully separated from the propulsion module recently, and subsequently underwent crucial deboosting manoeuvres and descended to a slightly lower orbit. The Chandrayaan-3 mission's lander is named after <keyword id="29151" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="vikram-sarabhai" source="Orion">Vikram Sarabhai</keyword> (1919-1971), who is widely regarded as the father of the Indian space programme. A GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle was used for the launch of the spacecraft that was placed in the lunar orbit on August 5 and since then it has been through a series of orbital manoeuvres been lowered closer to the moon's surface. It has been a month and seven days since the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission on July 14. The spacecraft was launched from the <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota. The stated objectives of Chandrayaan-3, <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>'s third lunar mission, are safe and soft landing, rover roving on the moon's surface, and in-situ scientific experiments. The approved cost of Chandrayaan-3 is Rs 250 crores (excluding launch vehicle cost). Chandrayaan-3's development phase commenced in January 2020 with the launch planned sometime in 2021. However, the Covid-19 pandemic brought an unforeseen delay to the mission's progress. The key scientific outcomes from Chandrayaan-2 include the first-ever global map for lunar sodium, enhancing knowledge on crater size distribution, unambiguous detection of lunar surface water ice with IIRS instrument and more. Moon serves as a repository of the Earth's past and a successful lunar mission by India will help enhance life on Earth while also enabling it to explore the rest of the solar system and beyond. (ANI) SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/webstories/tax-filers-earning-more-than-1-crore-increase-by-nearly-50-percent/slidelist/102895925.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/webstories/tax-filers-earning-more-than-1-crore-increase-by-nearly-50-percent/slidelist/102895925.cms" target="_blank">Crorepatis rising: Here’s how the income of Indian tax filers has changed in one year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/personal-finance/news/how-to-find-unclaimed-bank-deposits-using-udgam-portal/articleshow/102830161.cms">Have unclaimed bank deposits? Here’s how to find it using UDGAM portal</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/india-crosses-the-2-billion-mark-in-its-journey-to-become-a-smartphone-manufacturing-powerhouse/articleshow/102760757.cms">India crosses the 2 billion mark in its journey to become a smartphone manufacturing powerhouse</a>

"Welcome, buddy!" Chandrayaan-2 orbiter greets Chandrayaan-3 lander as they establish communication

The WHO has criticised <keyword id="1334" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword> for withholding data related to samples taken at a market in <keyword id="208994" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="wuhan" source="Orion">Wuhan</keyword> in 2020 that could have provided vital information about the Covid-19 pandemic's origins, calling on Beijing to be transparent and to share results of investigations it conducts. The Huanan market in central China's Wuhan city was the epicentre of the pandemic. From its origin there, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread to other locations in Wuhan in late 2019 and then to the rest of the world. "Every piece of data relating to studying the origins of COVID-19 needs to be shared with the international community immediately. These data could have - and should have - been shared three years ago," <keyword id="6356311" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="world-health-organisation" source="Orion">World Health Organisation</keyword> (WHO) Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in Geneva on Friday. "We continue to call on China to be transparent in sharing data and to conduct the necessary investigations and share the results. Understanding how the pandemic began remains both a moral and scientific imperative," he said. Ghebreyesus said that last Sunday, the global health agency was made aware of data published on the GISAID database in late January, and taken down again recently. "The data, from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, relates to samples taken at the Huanan market in Wuhan, in 2020," he said. Ghebreyesus said while the data was online, scientists from a number of countries downloaded the data and analysed it. "As soon as we became aware of this data, we contacted the Chinese <keyword id="6379474" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="cdc" source="Orion">CDC</keyword> and urged them to share it with WHO and the international scientific community so it can be analysed," he said, adding that WHO also convened the Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens, or SAGO, which met on Tuesday. "We asked researchers from the Chinese CDC and the international group of scientists to present their analyses of the data to SAGO. These data do not provide a definitive answer to the question of how the pandemic began, but every piece of data is important in moving us closer to that answer," he said. In a report Thursday, the New York Times said that an international team of virus experts said they had "found genetic data from a market in Wuhan, China, linking the coronavirus with raccoon dogs for sale there." The <keyword id="52850" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nyt" source="Orion">NYT</keyword> report said that the genetic data was drawn from swabs taken from in and around the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market starting in January 2020, "shortly after the Chinese authorities had shut down the market because of suspicions that it was linked to the outbreak of a new virus." While the animals had been cleared out from the market, researchers took swabs from the walls, floors, metal cages and carts used for transporting animal cages. "In samples that came back positive for the coronavirus, the international research team found genetic material belonging to animals, including large amounts that were a match for the raccoon dog," the report said, quoting three scientists involved in the analysis. The report noted that after the international team came across the new data, it reached out to Chinese researchers who had uploaded the files with an offer to collaborate. However, after that, the sequences disappeared from GISAID. Globally, there have been more than 760,360,900 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including over 6,873,400 deaths, according to the World Health Organisation. WHO said that three years later, while there are almost 7 million reported deaths from COVID-19, "we know that the actual number of deaths is much higher." Ghebreyesus expressed confidence that this year "we will be able to say that COVID-19 is over as a public health emergency of international concern." He however noted that "we are not there yet" given that last week, there were still more than five thousand reported deaths from COVID-19. "That's five thousand too many for a disease that can be prevented and treated. Even as we become increasingly hopeful about the end of the pandemic, the question of how it began remains unanswered," he said. "We have a duty to ourselves to end this pandemic as soon as possible. We have a duty to those we have lost to find out how it started," he said. The NYT report said that the "jumbling together" of genetic material from the virus and the animal does not prove that a raccoon dog itself was infected. "And even if a raccoon dog had been infected, it would not be clear that the animal had spread the virus to people. Another animal could have passed the virus to people, or someone infected with the virus could have spread the virus to a raccoon dog," the report said. "But the analysis did establish that raccoon dogs - fluffy animals that are related to foxes and are known to be able to transmit the coronavirus - deposited genetic signatures in the same place where genetic material from the virus was left," according to the scientists. They noted that the evidence was "consistent" with a scenario in which the virus spilled into humans from a wild animal. The new evidence comes weeks after a new intelligence assessment from the US Department of Energy pointed out that an "accidental laboratory leak" in China most likely caused the pandemic. "But the genetic data from the market offers some of the most tangible evidence yet of how the virus could have spilled into people from wild animals outside a lab. It also suggests that Chinese scientists have given an incomplete account of evidence that could fill in details about how the virus was spreading at the Huanan market," the NYT report said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/hdfc-hdfc-bank-merger-gets-nclt-clearance/articleshow/98735804.cms">HDFC-HDFC Bank merger gets NCLT clearance</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/reliance-shares-down-22-from-all-time-high-attractive-entry-opportunity-says-jp-morgan/articleshow/98725589.cms">Reliance shares down 22% from all-time high: Attractive entry opportunity, says JP Morgan</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tcs-is-an-integral-part-of-who-i-am-ill-be-a-part-of-tcs-too-as-it-soars-rajesh-gopinathan/articleshow/98722638.cms">TCS is an integral part of who I am, I’ll be a part of TCS too as it soars: Rajesh Gopinathan</a>

WHO calls on China to be transparent in sharing data to determine Covid's origins

By the end of 2022, more than 650 million COVID infections had been reported to the <keyword id="6356311" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="world-health-organisation" source="Orion">World Health Organisation</keyword>. With the true number likely much higher, and the tally increasing by hundreds of thousands every week, the scientific community has been focused on understanding the impact of COVID on our physical health, mental health and brain function. In the early stage of the pandemic, sleep scientists charted the costs and benefits of lockdowns on sleep patterns. The main finding was that we slept more in lockdown but the quality of our sleep was worse. Now a second wave of data is beginning to explain how becoming infected with COVID is affecting our sleep and even intruding into our dreams. The most recent meta-analysis, a review of all the currently available scientific literature, estimates that 52% of people who contract COVID suffer from sleep disturbances during the infection. The most common type of sleep disturbance reported is insomnia. People with insomnia typically find it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep, and often wake up early in the mornings. Worryingly, sleep problems sometimes persist even after recovery from the infection. A study in China found that 26% of people who were admitted to hospital with COVID showed symptoms of insomnia two weeks after discharge. And a US study showed that people who had been infected with COVID were more likely than people who had never been infected to have trouble sleeping, even up to a month after a positive COVID test. Sleep difficulties and long COVID While most people recover from COVID quickly, some continue to have symptoms in the longer term. People suffering from long COVID seem very likely to face persistent sleep problems. A 2021 study surveyed more than 3,000 people with long COVID. Almost 80% of participants self-reported sleep problems, most commonly insomnia. A more recent study collected data on both sleep duration and quality using smart wristbands. Participants with long COVID slept less overall and got less deep sleep than participants who had never had COVID. Loss of deep sleep is particularly concerning, as this type of sleep reduces how tired we feel and strengthens concentration and memory. Lack of deep sleep may be partly responsible for the commonly reported "brain fog" during and after COVID. The fact COVID often interferes with sleep is also worrying because sleep helps our immune system to fight infections. Why does COVID affect our sleep? There are many reasons why a COVID infection might lead to poor sleep. One review identified physiological, psychological and environmental factors. COVID can have a direct impact on the brain, including the areas that control both wake and sleep states. We don't yet have a clear understanding of how this works, but possible mechanisms could include the virus infecting the central nervous system or affecting the brain's blood supply. Typical symptoms of COVID include fever, coughing and breathing difficulties. These are also well known to disturb sleep. Poor mental health can lead to sleep problems and vice versa. There's a strong link between catching COVID and mental health issues, particularly depression and anxiety. This can be caused by worries about recovery, loneliness or social isolation. Such anxieties may make sleeping harder. Meanwhile, hospitalised COVID patients can face additional difficulties trying to sleep in busy hospital environments where sleep is often disturbed by noise, treatment and other patients. What about dreams? The International COVID-19 Sleep Study, a global research project involving sleep scientists from 14 countries, recently released its findings into dreaming. The study surveyed infected and uninfected participants about their dreams. Both groups had more dreams after the start of the pandemic than before. Intriguingly, the infected participants had more nightmares than the uninfected participants, while there was no difference between the groups before the pandemic. There's no simple explanation for why catching COVID may increase nightmares, but mental health may again play a role. Poor mental health is often accompanied by nightmares. The International COVID-19 Sleep Study team found the infected group showed more symptoms of conditions such as anxiety and depression. Getting help The close links between sleep and both mental and physical health mean that prevention and treatment of disturbed sleep have never been more important, and will require creative solutions from governments and healthcare providers. If you've had trouble sleeping during or after COVID, or are having more bad dreams than you used to, you're not alone. Both short- and long-term insomnia can often be treated with cognitive behavioural therapy (<keyword id="207775" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="cbt" source="Orion">CBT</keyword>) that you may be able to access through your doctor. For less severe sleep problems, the European Academy for Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia has compiled recommendations, some based on principles applied in CBT, that you can follow at home. These include: <ul><li>keeping a regular sleep-wake schedule </li><li>restricting thinking about things that make you feel stressed to specific times of day </li><li>using your bed only for sleep and sex </li><li>going to bed and getting up when you naturally feel inclined to do so </li><li>sharing feelings of stress and anxiety with family and friends</li><li>reducing sleep disruption due to light exposure by making sure your bedroom is as dark as possible </li><li>exercising regularly in daylight </li><li>avoiding eating close to bedtime.</li></ul> SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/sbi-hdfc-bank-axis-bank-among-other-private-and-public-bank-earnings-could-see-a-further-ramp-up-in-q3-2022/articleshow/96768992.cms">Bank earnings could see a further ramp up in Q3, say analysts</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/skippi-ice-pops-what-this-hyderabad-popsicle-brand-is-doing-after-raising-rs-1-crore-from-shark-tank-india-season-1/articleshow/96759786.cms">Skippi Ice Pops – how the Hyderabad-based popsicle brand fared after bagging a ₹1 crore deal on Shark Tank India S1</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tcs-infosys-wipro-and-other-it-companies-earnings-preview-for-q3-fy23/articleshow/96731891.cms">December quarter likely to be a weak one for the IT sector – Infosys amongst top analyst picks</a>

How Covid can disturb your sleep and dreams and what could help

<ul><li>As many as 70 laboratories and institutions in the country are facing talent shortage as 2,896 scientist posts lie vacant. </li><li>Defence Research &amp; Development Organisation (DRDO) is also hiring for 40 vacancies. </li><li>The government’s budgetary allocation included nearly ₹50 billion for CSIR, ₹3 billion up from last year. </li><li><keyword id="446083" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Central-Food-Technological-Research-Institute">Central Food technological Research Institute</keyword> (CSIR) Mysuru has 111 vacancies while <keyword id="64040" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Chemical-Laboratory">National Chemical Laboratory</keyword> Pune is filling 123 scientist positions.</li></ul>India is facing a serious dearth of scientists. As many as 70 laboratories and institutions in the country are facing talent shortage as many as <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/2900-scientist-positions-lying-vacant-says-minister/article28423428.ece">2,896 scientist posts lie vacant</a>, reveals the Ministry of Science &amp; Technology. And many such organizations are on a recruitment drive. The Council for Scientific &amp; Industrial Research (CSIR) has come up with a recruitment plan to fill as many vacant positions as possible. “Filling it at a go would mean a similar shortfall after, say 20 years. What we’re doing instead is following a formula that accounts for existing vacancies, the number of scientists who will retire. So we’ll fill these vacancies over time,” Shekhar Mande, Director-General, CSIR told The Hindu. These positions include over 100 vacancies each in National Institute of Oceanography Goa, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad(102), National Chemical Laboratory Pune(123), Fourth Paradigm Institute Bengaluru, and Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) in Mysuru (111), Financial Express <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs/2896-scientist-posts-lying-vacant-in-70-institutes-govt/1642417/">reported</a> citing Harsh Vardhan, Science and Technology Minister. Defence Research &amp; Development Organisation (DRDO) is also<a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/jobs/drdo-recruitment-2019-for-engineer-drdo-scientist-recruitment-40-vacancies-rac-gov-in-how-to-apply-online-eligibility-criteria-all-you-need-to-know-119070900559_1.html"> looking to hire 40 vacancies</a>. The recruitment drive will be conducted by Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC) The Indian government, on its part, stepped up its efforts to address the challenges. “As and when a vacancy arises, the concerned laboratory/institute initiates steps to fill it up in accordance with the extant rules,” the ministry noted. The government allocated as much as ₹50 billion for CSIR, which is higher by ₹3 billion as compared to last year. The government introduced a fellowship program Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) to attract people towards science and research. It also encourages female innovators by accelerating <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-wants-to-dramatically-speed-up-the-processing-time-of-patent-applications-filed-by-women/articleshow/67123051.cms">patent filing process</a>, to boost women in science. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/iit-students-choose-ai-over-computer-science/articleshow/70024844.cms">IIT students are choosing AI over computer science as job prospects change</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/automation-will-create-2-million-jobs-in-indian-farms/articleshow/70126264.cms">Drone operators and satellite map experts are some of the 2 million jobs in Indian farms that automation will open up</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/looking-for-a-job-heres-why-data-analytics-should-be-on-the-top-of-your-list/articleshow/67649196.cms">Here’s why it might be the best time to opt for a career in data analytics</a>

DRDO and MoST are looking to hire as many as 2,900 scientists

<ul><li>The <keyword id="6359231" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Central-Bank-of-India" source="Orion">Central Bank of India</keyword> is recruiting 115 people in India under various profiles like Data Scientist, Economist, Income Tax officer and many more.</li><li>The online applications for all these positions will commence on November 23, 2021 and the last date to apply is December 17, 2021.</li><li>Candidates will also have to pay an application fee of ₹850 plus GST.</li></ul>Central Bank of India, a Mumbai-based government owned bank, is recruiting 115 people in India under various profiles like Data Scientist, Economist, Income Tax officer and many more. The online applications for all these positions will commence on November 23, 2021 and the last date to apply is December 17, 2021. These are the roles available with the Central Bank of India — <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Role </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">No. of vacancies </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Eligibility criteria </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Economist </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 5 years of work experience in commercial banks or any other PSUs with PhD in Economics/ banking/commerce /economic policy/public policy. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Income Tax Officer </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Chartered Accountant (preferably passed in one attempt) with minimum 10 years post qualification experience (as on 30.09.2021) in the field of direct taxation -- supervisor in any financial institution/PSU bank/private sector banks/big four CA firm/category 1 chartered accountant firm prescribed for bank audit as per RBI guidelines. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Information Technology (scale V) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 10-12 years’ experience in a similar role in designing and launching digital products/platforms in BFSI Sector or Fintech companies with compulsory bachelor’s or master’s degree in engineering disciplines like computer science/information technology(IT)/electronics and communication or master’s in computer application from any recognised university or institution. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Data Scientist </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 8-10 years of relevant post-qualification experience in the area of data analytics/data science/data statistics/data mining in commercial bank/financial companies/financial services organisations/IT services companies with financial domain with Post graduate degree in statistics/econometrics/mathematics/finance/economics/computer science or bachelor’s of engineering (B.E)/bachelor’s of technology (B.Tech) in computer science/IT from any recognised university or institute. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Credit Officer </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">10 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Chartered Accountant (CA)/ chartered financial analyst (CFA) with three years of post qualification experience Or MBA in finance with at least 4 years of post qualification work experience. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Data Engineer </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">11 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 5 years of relevant post-qualification experience in the area of data analytics/data science/data statistics/data mining in commercial bank/financial companies/financial services organisations/IT services companies with financial domain with post graduate degree (or equivalent diploma) in statistics/econometrics/mathematics/finance/economics/computer science or B.E./B.Tech in computer science/IT. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">IT Security Analyst </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">1 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 6 years of post-basic qualification experience in IT, out of which minimum 3 years in ethical hacking /red teaming /threat hunting /application security/digital forensic analysis with engineering graduate in computer science /IT/master’s in computer application(MCA) /master’s in science (IT or computer science) from recognised university or institute. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">IT SOC Analyst </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">2 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 6 years of post-basic qualification experience in IT, out of which minimum 3 years in operations like event analysis, rule creation, automation,asset integration, incident management, monitoring and compliance with graduation in engineering in computer science /IT/MCA / M.Sc.(IT or computer science) from a recognised university or institute. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Risk Manager </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">5 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 3 years post-qualification experience in risk management/credit / treasury with MBA in finance/ banking or post graduate diploma in banking/finance/statistics. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Technical Officer (Credit) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">5 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">3 years of experience in total enterprise value (TEV) study or project appraisal with banks or financial institutes with a degree in engineering in civil/mechanical/production/metallurgy /textile/chemical. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Financial Analyst </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">20 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">CA or MBA in finance with 3 years experience as an officer in a public sector bank/undertaking in the reputed field. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Information Technology (scale II) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">15 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">2 years of work experience in the IT field with 3 years engineering degree in computer science/computer applications/information technology/electronics/ electronics and telecommunications /electronics and communications /electronics and instrumentation. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Law Officer </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">20 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> 3 years of post-qualification experience of practice at Bar or Judicial service or 2 years as a law officer in the legal department of a scheduled commercial bank or the central/state government or of a public sector undertaking. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Risk Manager </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">10 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Minimum 2 Years of post-qualification experience in risk management/credit/treasury with MBA/post graduate diploma in banking/finance or post graduate in statistics/math/banking &amp; finance with aggregate of at least 60% marks from any Indian university or institute. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Security (scale I &amp; II) </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">12 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">For scale I — Ex-Junior commissioned officers with minimum 5 years of service as JCO in Indian Army or equivalent rank from Air Force, Navy and Para Military Forces. For scale II — Ex-Commissioned officers of the Rank of Captain or above from Indian Army with minimum 5 years service or equivalent rank from Air Force, Navy and Para Military Forces. </td></tr></tbody></table> Selection procedure — <ol><li>Selection will be done through an online written test and personal interview. </li><li>The online test is scheduled for January 22, 2022 at these locations -- Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneshwar, Bhopal, Chennai, Chandigarh, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Pune, Raipur &amp; Patna centres. </li><li>Candidates who manage to clear the online test will be called for the next round i.e., personal interview.</li></ol> Candidates will also have to pay an application fee of ₹850 plus goods and services tax (GST) ( for applicants belonging to general category) and ₹175 plus GST (for applicants belonging to schedule caste (SC) or schedule tribe (ST). Interested candidates can seek out more information <a href="https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/sites/default/files/2021-11/Notification_Recruitment_of_Specialist_Officers-2022-23.pdf">here</a> and can apply <a href="https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/en/recruitments">here</a>. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/if-you-are-travelling-from-india-to-singapore-heres-how-to-apply-for-your-vaccinated-travel-pass/articleshow/87846159.cms">If you are travelling from India to Singapore, here’s how to apply for your Vaccinated Travel Pass</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/oppo-reportedly-plans-to-launch-electric-vehicles-in-india-by-2024/articleshow/87846882.cms">Oppo reportedly plans to launch electric vehicles in India by 202</a>

Central Bank of India is hiring for 115 vacancies across various domains

<ul class="summary-list"><li>There is no universal approach when designing CBDCs, the <keyword id="12030574" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="imf" source="Orion">IMF</keyword> said Wednesday.</li><li>But countries must focus on financial stability and privacy when designing these digital assets.</li><li>"No one size fits all," IMF Managing Director <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials/Bios/kristalina-georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a> said. "Each economy is different."</li></ul>There is no universal approach when designing central bank digital currencies, but countries must focus on financial stability and privacy, the <keyword id="12472836" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international-monetary-fund" source="Orion">International Monetary Fund</keyword> said on Wednesday."No one size fits all," IMF Managing Director <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials/Bios/kristalina-georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a> said in a <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2022/02/09/sp020922-the-future-of-money-gearing-up-for-central-bank-digital-currency">statement</a> published Wednesday. "There is no universal case for CBDCs because each economy is different."Georgieva said CBDCs have diverse use cases and should be tailored to a nation's situation.For instance, a <keyword id="6791630" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="cbdc" source="Orion">CBDC</keyword> can be an "important path to financial inclusion," especially for countries whose geographic makeup prevents easy transactions through central banks, while it could also be an "essential backup in the event that other payment instruments fail," she said.The managing director gave the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank as an example when it extended its CBDC pilot to areas struck by a <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/explosive-volcanic-eruption-rocks-caribbean-island-st-vincent-2021-04-09/">volcanic eruption</a> on the island of St. Vincent last year.Georgieva also noted that financial stability and privacy considerations are "paramount" when designing CBDCs."In many countries, privacy concerns are a potential deal breaker when it comes to CBDC legislation and adoption. So, it's vital that policymakers get the mix right," she said.The former World Bank CEO highlighted the delicate balance of both technical design and policy. While the technology underpinning this new form of money requires time and resources, developing new legal frameworks and regulations are just as crucial, she said. "On both fronts, a CBDC also requires prudent planning to satisfy policy targets like financial inclusion, and avoid undesirable spillovers such as sudden capital outflows that could undermine financial stability," she said. The comments come in conjunction with a <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fintech-notes/Issues/2022/02/07/Behind-the-Scenes-of-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency-512174">35-page report</a> the IMF released on Wednesday that studied six advanced CBDC projects in the Bahamas, China, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, Uruguay, Sweden, and Canada.The biggest takeaway is the importance of considering a country's unique context and policy goals when making digital currencies. "CBDC exploration is still in an early stage, and not all country experiences can be easily ported abroad," the report said. "There are still open questions, and CBDC remains an uncharted territory, raising challenges as well as opportunities."A CBDC is a type of central bank liability — similar to the US dollar — issued in digital form, which could be used by the general public. It has the full backing of a central bank although it could be managed by designated private financial institutions.As it stands, 87 countries are exploring CBDCs, and 14, including major economies like China and South Korea, are already in the pilot stage, according to a tracker by the <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cbdctracker/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atlantic Council</a>. Nine have already fully launched a digital currency.Of the countries with the four largest central banks — the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England —the US is the furthest behind, according to the tracker.

There is no universal approach for central bank digital currencies and countries must focus on privacy, IMF says

Space agencies of India and France on Thursday signed an agreement for cooperation for the country's first human space mission Gaganyaan, the French space agency <keyword id="680335" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="CNES">CNES</keyword> said. The agreement was announced during French Foreign Affairs minister Jean-Yves Le Drian visit to the <keyword id="116095" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>'s (<keyword id="6358064" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) headquarters. ISRO has asked CNES to help prepare for Gaganyaan missions and to serve as its single European contact in this domain. "Under the terms of the agreement, CNES will train India's flight physicians and CAPCOM mission control teams in France at the CADMOS centre for the development of microgravity applications and space operations at CNES in Toulouse and at the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne, Germany," the CNES said. The agreement provides for the CNES to support implementation of a scientific experiment plan on validation missions, exchange information on food packaging and the nutrition programme, and above all the use by Indian astronauts of French equipment, consumables and medical instruments. French equipment developed by CNES, tested and still operating aboard the <keyword id="6382020" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-space-station">International Space Station</keyword> (ISS) will thus be made available to Indian crews. Thomas Pesquet, who is set to make his second flight to the International Space Station on April 22 for the <keyword id="175327" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Alpha">Alpha</keyword> mission, had previously tested these devices on his first spaceflight. The CNES will also be supplying fireproof carry bags made in France to shield equipment from shocks and radiation, it said. "This cooperation could be extended in the future to parabolic flights operated by Novespace to test instruments and for astronaut training, as well as technical support for construction of an astronaut training centre in Bangalore," the CNES added. The Gaganyaan orbital spacecraft project was kicked off in August 2018. It originally intended to send astronauts from Indian soil to mark the 75th anniversary of India's independence in 2022. However, the mission has been delayed due to the restrictions imposed in view of the coronavirus pandemic. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/macrotech-developers-ipo-check-share-allotment-date-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/82078222.cms">Macrotech Developers IPO — check share allotment date, listing date and more</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/coinbase-climbs-13-in-trading-debut-as-valuation-hovers-around-100-billion/articleshow/82072134.cms">Coinbase tumbles 19% in trading debut as valuation hovers around $100 billion</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/flipkart-acquires-cleartrip-in-an-effort-to-cement-its-position-in-the-travel-booking-segment/articleshow/82081931.cms">Flipkart acquires Cleartrip in an effort to cement its position in the travel booking segment</a>

ISRO partners with France to launch India's first human spaceflight mission Gaganyaan

A recent survey conducted by <keyword id="64925" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="CSIR">CSIR</keyword> (Council of Scientific Industrial Research), <keyword id="6377129" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="government-of-india">Government of India</keyword>, has revealed that <keyword id="6575406" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="smokers">smokers</keyword> and vegetarians are less likely to contract <keyword id="8864712" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-19-infection">Covid-19 infection</keyword>. The survey suggested smoking may be protective, despite Covid-19 being a respiratory disease, due to its role in increasing the mucous production that may be acting as the first line of defence among the <keyword id="3174643" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="smoking-population">smoking population</keyword>. It indicated that vegetarian food rich in fibre may have a role to play in providing immunity against COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory properties by modification of gut microbiota. The pan India survey was conducted by an eminent team of 140 doctors and research scientists to study the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, and their neutralization capability to infer possible risk factors for infection. The study assessed 10,427 adult individuals working in more than 40 CSIR laboratories and centers in urban and semi-urban settings spread across and their family members. These people voluntarily participated in the study. Earlier, two studies from France and similar reports from Italy, New York, and China reported lower Covid infection rates among smokers. A study by America's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (<keyword id="6379474" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="cdc">CDC</keyword>), which examined over 7,000 people who tested positive for COVID-19, also vindicated the above findings. Interestingly, the study found that only 1.3 per cent of survey participants were smokers, compared to the CDC report that 14 per cent of all Americans smoke. Similarly, UCL (<keyword id="174869" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="University-College-London">University College London</keyword>) academics that looked at 28 papers across the UK, China, US, and France found the proportions of smokers among hospital patients were 'lower than expected. One of its studies showed that in the UK the proportion of smokers among COVID-19 patients was just five per cent, a third of the national rate of 14.4 per cent. Another found in France the rate being four times lower (7.1 per cent vs 32 per cent among all population). In China, a study noted that only 3.8 per cent of patients were smokers - despite more than half of the population regularly smoking cigarettes. In a separate study by Jin-jin Zhang to understand the influence of smoking behaviour on the susceptibility to <keyword id="1754604" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">Coronavirus</keyword> observed that only 9 (6.4 per cent) patients had a history of smoking, and 7 of them were past smokers. The study found that smoking populations were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. These findings were also confirmed by a French study of public health data that showed people who smoke, were 80 per cent less likely to fall prey to COVID-19 than non-smokers of the same age and sex. The Council of Scientific &amp; Industrial Research (CSIR), known for its cutting-edge R&amp;D knowledge base in diverse S&amp;T areas, is a contemporary R&amp;D organization. Having a pan-India presence, CSIR has a dynamic network of 40 national laboratories, 39 outreach centers, 3 Innovation Complexes, and 5 units. CSIR's R&amp;D expertise and experience are embodied in about 4,600 active scientists supported by about 8,000 scientific and technical personnel. CSIR covers a wide spectrum of science and technology - from radio and space physics, oceanography, geophysics, chemicals, drugs, genomics, biotechnology, and nanotechnology to mining, aeronautics, instrumentation, environmental engineering, and information technology. It provides significant technological intervention in many areas with regard to societal efforts which include environment, health, drinking water, food, housing, energy, farm and non-farm sectors. Further, CSIR's role in S&amp;T human resource development is noteworthy. CSIR is ranked at 84th among 4851 institutions worldwide and is the only Indian organization among the top 100 global institutions, according to the Scimago Institutions Ranking World Report 2014. CSIR holds the 17th rank in Asia and leads the country at the first position. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-covid-19-crisis-would-be-much-worse-without-these-good-samaritans-of-india-providing-home-cooked-food-financial-assistance-and-medicines/slidelist/82230244.cms#slideid=82230293">The COVID-19 crisis would be much worse without these good samaritans of India providing home-cooked food, financial assistance and medicines</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/indian-corporates-vcs-and-startups-are-now-looking-to-charter-flights-and-import-oxygen-cylinders-and-concentrators-into-the-country/articleshow/82230785.cms">Indian corporates, VCs and startups are now looking to charter flights and import oxygen cylinders and concentrators into the country</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/zerodha-nithin-kamath-says-its-time-to-pack-up-and-move-from-indias-large-cities-and-permanently-work-from-home/articleshow/82230947.cms">An Indian billionaire says it’s time to pack up and move from India’s large cities and permanently work from home</a>

Smokers and vegetarians may be less vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, says a government research organisation

It’s a cliché when we say that <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> and <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> have been two unique political-socio-economic-cultural experiments in human history. It’s quite obvious, after all – never before such large populations have been under the sovereign rule and governed by political systems that are poles apart. And never before two nations with such massive socio-cultural diversity (especially India) have lived in such extreme economic disparity and still remained stable. To that quartet of politics, economics, society and culture, we can now add one more context – science &amp; technology. Interestingly, both of them have created and deployed homegrown technologies to capture the final frontier – the space. 
 China took off back in 2003 while 2013 might be looked upon as the turning point when we truly pitched a tent in space. It doesn’t take <keyword id="9428" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Rocket">rocket</keyword> science to imagine that barring a catastrophe on the lines of Hollywood action disasters, rockets will eventually lead to the biggest industry ever for the mankind. China has already leaped ahead of <keyword id="6355311" type="COUNTRY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Japan">Japan</keyword> and Europe by sending many humans into the space while India, with <keyword id="913432" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan 1</keyword> in 2008 and the recent <keyword id="1506013" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword> (<keyword id="6625456" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</keyword>), has carved its own lane in the race to capture the <keyword id="2001111" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Global-space-market">global space market</keyword>. 
 The <keyword id="2001134" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Space-market">space market</keyword> consists of two major product/service categories – <keyword id="133588" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="communication-satellites">communication satellites</keyword> and <keyword id="2001117" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Non-communication-satellites">non-communication satellites</keyword>. Communication satellites usually weigh around 4,000-5,000 kg and currently, India does not possess any <keyword id="1542232" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Space-Launch-Vehicle">space launch vehicle</keyword> (aka ‘rocket’) to put modern-day communication satellites into <keyword id="6375157" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Orbit">orbit</keyword>. Non-communication satellites include earth observation, weather, navigation and research satellites. And here’s where India already has assets for big returns. 
 India currently has two broad classes of launch vehicles. One is the workhorse called <keyword id="622933" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Polar-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</keyword> (<keyword id="6395832" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="PSLV">PSLV</keyword>), with many proven variants, and the other is the much-touted future giant called <keyword id="1647388" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Geo-synchronous-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle">Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle</keyword> (<keyword id="138322" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="GSLV">GSLV</keyword>), with only one proven variant. Besides Chandrayaan 1 and Mars Orbiter Mission, PSLV has also launched many of our earth observation and weather satellites, along with India’s first ever <keyword id="1723872" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="navigation-satellite">navigation satellite</keyword> (aka <keyword id="911057" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="GPS-satellite">GPS satellite</keyword>, which is actually a name given to the bunch of the <keyword id="2001124" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="US-navigation-satellites">US navigation satellites</keyword> but has become ubiquitous) called <keyword id="2001125" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="IRNSS-1A">IRNSS 1A</keyword>, in July 2013. 
 The PSLV launch score card reads 23 successful endeavours out of 25. And the maximum load PSLV has successfully put in the orbit is 1,850 kg. It has put 64 <keyword id="6358065" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Satellite">satellite</keyword>s in orbit till date – 29 of them are Indian and 35 foreign ones. But here’s the catch. None of the foreign satellite launches were exclusively commercial launches but just mini piggybacks, always along with a major <keyword id="397800" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Indian-satellite">Indian satellite</keyword>. The total mass of all foreign satellites launched by India till date is less than what a single PSLV launch can achieve. 
 Thus, in spite of having the space warhorses born and brought up in our own backyard and ready to scoop out a huge chunk of the space market pie, they’ll turn grey without running many a race, courtesy the stale socialist mindset on which the Indian polity still feeds. But can we really be the tiger in the space Olympics? Check this. India launched its <keyword id="164562" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mars-mission">Mars mission</keyword> within 15 months of the government’s approval in August 2012. And that, too, when the initial feasibility study had designated GSLV as the launch vehicle. 
 When GSLV was rejected due to technical snags appearing in two successive launches in 2010, PSLV was quickly cleared and made ready to fire within 15 months, along with developing all <keyword id="81047" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="scientific-instruments">scientific instruments</keyword> on MOM and the upgradation of ground-based facilities. Hence, we don’t even need a predator’s eyesight for the hunt as the ground is swarming with potential targets. 
 The <keyword id="2001136" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Global-space-economy">global space economy</keyword>, including <keyword id="2001137" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Satellite-industry-revenues">satellite industry revenues</keyword> and <keyword id="2001138" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Government-budgets">government budgets</keyword>, stood at $304 billion in 2012. The <keyword id="911963" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="satellite-industry">satellite industry</keyword> includes <keyword id="1814082" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="satellite-services">satellite services</keyword>, <keyword id="2001151" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Satellite-manufacturing">satellite manufacturing</keyword> &amp; launch, and ground equipment. Out of these, satellite services largely depend on the state of <keyword id="6355065" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="tv">TV</keyword>, <keyword id="12905" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Radio">radio</keyword>, <keyword id="17591" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Broadband">broadband</keyword> and <keyword id="471844" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="mobile-communication">mobile communication</keyword> services, <keyword id="2001147" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Transponder-agreements">transponder agreements</keyword> and other managed services for the home country or others. India mostly leverages its <keyword id="2001148" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Satellite-base">satellite base</keyword> for domestic usage and rarely rents it for <keyword id="2001149" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Foreign-commercial-use">foreign commercial use</keyword>. 
 But where we have already lost ground is <keyword id="2001150" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Satellite-manufacturing-and-launch">satellite manufacturing and launch</keyword> which grew 23% to $14.6 billion and 35% to $6.5 billion, respectively, in 2012 alone. We still can’t launch communications satellites although China has already launched five for other nations. A total of 951 satellites in the earth observation, navigation and weather categories, all in PSLV’s range, are planned to be launched by various governments and private entities during 2009-2018, as per the consultancy firm <keyword id="2001126" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Euroconsult">Euroconsult</keyword>’s report in 2009. Five years have elapsed since and with average satellite costs at $99 million and average launch price at $51 million in the previous decade, the lost opportunity costs are mindboggling. 
 So the task is cut out for the future central government. First, it must control the mushrooming of scams like the <keyword id="557071" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Antrix-Devas-deal">Antrix-Devas deal</keyword> – one which tarnished India’s image as a <keyword id="2001106" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="major-space-industry-player">major space industry player</keyword> even before it became one. Second, it must unleash the power of India’s private space industry comprising both manufacturing and services players.

India’s Space Industry – Sleeping
Warhorse Must Wake Up & Run

<ul><li>The near collapse of <keyword id="6357293" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ILFS">IL&amp;FS</keyword> precipitated a domestic liquidity crisis as the balance sheets of other housing finance companies and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) came under the scanner. </li><li>This revealed asset-liability mismatches and the companies were deemed too risky to qualify for loans from normal banks. To make matters worse, a number of NBFCs had invested in IL&amp;FS’s <keyword id="44647" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="debt">debt</keyword> instruments. </li><li>The tough liquidity conditions for NBFCs are expected to persist this year and banks keep their purse-strings tight and funding costs increase as market borrowing declines. </li><li>Moving into 2019, the central <keyword id="26362" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Government">government</keyword> and RBI are determined to regulate the <keyword id="6355260" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="NBFC">NBFC</keyword> sector better by establishing a system to collect lending and borrowing <keyword id="6355729" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="data">data</keyword> from these institutions on a regular basis. </li></ul> One of the big stories emanating from the Indian banking sector last year was the repeated defaults by IL&amp;FS, India’s largest infrastructure lender, and its subsequent downgrades. The near collapse of the lender precipitated a domestic liquidity crisis as the balance sheets of other housing finance companies and <keyword id="2542016" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Shadow-banks">shadow banks</keyword>, or non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), came under the scanner. This revealed asset-liability mismatches and the companies were deemed too risky to qualify for loans from normal banks. To make matters worse, a number of NBFCs had invested in IL&amp;FS’s debt instruments. Not only were commercial banks, insurance firms and mutual funds engulfed in the ensuing crisis engulfed banks, but the liquidity crisis also led to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/after-weeks-of-tension-the-reserve-bank-of-india-gives-in-to-some-of-the-central-governments-demands-while-retaining-its-independence/articleshow/66705908.cms">a showdown </a>between the central government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), with the former asking the latter to open a special refinancing window for NBFCs. Despite the fact that a compromise was reached and liquidity norms and lending restrictions on NBFCs <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-reserve-bank-of-india-just-made-it-a-lot-easier-for-the-countrys-shadow-banks-to-sell-off-their-loans/articleshow/66879016.cms">were relaxed</a>, the spat <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-resignation-of-the-governor-of-indias-central-bank-sends-a-clear-indication-about-the-erosion-of-institutional-autonomy-under-the-modi-administration/articleshow/67040287.cms">culminated in the resignation</a> of former RBI governor, Urjit Patel, in the second week of December. India’s shadow banks are of systemic importance because they provide a large portion of credit to the small-and-medium-enterprises (SME) sector. Hence, a drying up of funds at NBFCs leads to a lack of financing options for small businesses, which drags GDP growth downwards. The operations of NBFCs, especially that of a lender like IL&amp;FS, are especially vulnerable in a period of rising interest rates because they borrow short-term funds and lend on a long-term basis. Despite <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-central-bank-chooses-to-keep-interest-rates-on-hold-unveils-a-new-pricing-policy-for-retail-and-small-business-loans/articleshow/66968094.cms">a potential moderation</a> in RBI monetary policy, the tough liquidity conditions for NBFCs are expected to persist this year and banks keep their purse-strings tight and funding costs increase as market borrowing declines. Moving into 2019, the central government and RBI are determined to prevent a repeat of the crisis. Their solution? Regular data monitoring. At a conference this past weekend, Subhash Garg, the Secretary of Economic Affairs in the finance ministry, said that the government and the RBI were in the process of <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/business/banking-and-finance/centre-reserve-bank-working-on-new-system-to-gather-data-on-nbfcs-5524971/">establishing a data collection system</a> for the NBFC sector. Garg explained that when the IL&amp;FS crisis came to light, there were no comprehensive sources of monthly lending and borrowing data on India’s shadow banks, let alone real-time data. This prevented the government and regulators from implementing remedial measures quickly. Once a data collection system is in place, it will be easier for the central bank to <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/soon-bank-type-asset-liability-management-norms-for-nbfcs/articleshow/67295625.cms">enforce asset-liability management norms</a> for the sector. In addition, there is no organisation or industry group that represents NBFCs which makes the process of framing policies for the sector difficult since there are no groups to seek consultations with. Hence, establishing an industry organisation that represents the sector is expected to be an important priority in the immediate term. Besides a data collection system, the Indian government, acting through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), has also ordered ratings agencies to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-securities-regulator-is-forcing-rating-agencies-to-comply-with-stricter-assessment-norms-to-prevent-a-repeat-of-the-ilfs-crisis/articleshow/66616962.cms">follow stricter protocols </a>when it comes to assessing companies. Under the new requirements, credit ratings agencies will have to include a special section devoted to “liquidity” in their ratings actions announcements. They will also have to disclose discrepancies between the assets and liabilities of an issuer, historical ratings information as well as cash flow issues and existing short-term credit lines. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-securities-regulator-is-forcing-rating-agencies-to-comply-with-stricter-assessment-norms-to-prevent-a-repeat-of-the-ilfs-crisis/articleshow/66616962.cms">India’s securities regulator is forcing rating agencies to comply with stricter assessment norms to prevent a repeat of the IL&amp;FS crisis</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/ilfs-has-no-option-but-to-sell-its-profitable-financial-services-unit-as-it-tries-to-avoid-bankruptcy/articleshow/65898283.cms">IL&amp;FS has no option but to sell its profitable financial services unit as it tries to avoid bankruptcy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-reserve-bank-of-india-just-made-it-a-lot-easier-for-the-countrys-shadow-banks-to-sell-off-their-loans/articleshow/66879016.cms">The Reserve Bank of India just made it a lot easier for the country’s shadow banks to sell off their loans</a>

As India’s shadow banks brace for a tough 2019, the central bank and government will try and prevent a repeat of the IL&FS crisis by solving the data problem

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India’s Space Industry – Sleeping Warhorse Must Wake Up & Run

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As India’s shadow banks brace for a tough 2019, the central bank and government will try and prevent a repeat of the IL&FS crisis by solving the data problem

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