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Tata Group chairman <keyword id="19981455" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Ratan-Tata" source="keywords">Ratan Tata</keyword> breathed his last on Wednesday (October 9) at Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai. On Monday, the industrialist was admitted to the hospital for age-related issues. As soon as the news of his death broke, people started remembering the philanthropic businessman and social media is full of reactions. From actors to other business leaders, a lot of prominent figures reacted to Ratan Tata's demise. From <keyword id="6354583" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="salman-khan" source="Orion">Salman Khan</keyword> and <keyword id="1655" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="priyanka-chopra" source="Orion">Priyanka Chopra</keyword> Jonas to Ranveer Singh and <keyword id="6357860" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="anushka-sharma" source="Orion">Anushka Sharma</keyword>, Bollywood celebs also expressed their sorrow on social media. Let us take a look at some reactions. Superstar Salman Khan expressed his sorrow on X (formerly Twitter), writing, “Deeply saddened by the passing of Mr. Ratan Tata,” capturing the emotional weight of the moment. Ajay Devgn echoed the sentiment, describing Tata as a visionary whose impact transcended business: “The world mourns the loss of a visionary. Ratan Tata’s legacy will forever inspire generations. His contributions to India and beyond are immeasurable. We are deeply grateful. Rest in peace, Sir.” Anushka Sharma, sharing her thoughts on Instagram, lauded Tata for his integrity and grace: “Deeply saddened by the news of Shri Ratan Tataji. He upheld the values of integrity, grace, and dignity through everything he did and was truly an icon and Taj of India. RIP sir, you have touched so many lives.” Priyanka Chopra Jonas reflected on Tata’s kindness and leadership, noting, “Through your kindness, you touched the lives of millions. Your legacy of leadership and generosity will continue to inspire generations. Thank you for your unmatched passion and dedication to everything you did for our country.” Many others in the industry also shared their admiration for Tata. Sanjay Dutt called him a beacon of integrity, saying, “India has lost a true visionary today. He was a beacon of integrity and compassion whose contributions went beyond business, impacting countless lives.” Randeep Hooda hailed Tata as “India’s most valuable man,” saying that his worth was measured by his values rather than wealth. "India’s most valuable man, not necessarily for his vast wealth, but for his values.. largest being Integrity !! Never a show off but always the star ⭐️ The life #RatanTata ji led will always be an inspiration,"Hooda wrote in a post on X. Varun Dhawan, in a heartfelt Instagram post, shared a throwback picture of Tata, simply writing, “RIP sir RATAN TATA,” while Riteish Deshmukh took to X, stating, “Deeply saddened to know that Shri #RatanTata ji is no more. Condolences to the family and loved ones. Rest In Glory Sir.” Ranveer Singh paid tribute by sharing a monochrome photo of Tata with a simple infinity emoji, highlighting the eternal impact Tata will leave on the country. Actor R Madhavan also shared his admiration, writing, “A visionary, a gentleman of the highest order, an inspiration for generations, leaves behind a void that can never be filled.” <keyword id="19959949" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sushmita-sen" source="keywords">Sushmita Sen</keyword> and Karan Johar both paid their respects, while Dharmendra expressed his regret at never having met Tata, calling him a “Humble King” who treated his workers like family. “Sir, you will always be remembered with great love and respect,” he added. Filmmaker Rohit Shetty called Ratan Tata a “real hero,” while music maestro AR Rahman offered a poignant reflection: “Some icons are living textbooks, teaching us about leadership, success, and legacy. Extraordinary yet human and approachable, they inspire and guide us. India has lost a true son and champion. Rest in peace, Ratan ji.” <keyword id="19895145" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vicky-kaushal" source="keywords">Vicky Kaushal</keyword> also expressed his grief, writing, “Never could meet him… but adored, admired and respected everything he said and did for society. Lost a legend. May his soul rest in peace.” Other notable tributes came from stars like SS Rajamouli, Jr NTR, Prithviraj Sukumaran, and Rana Daggubati, who all shared their deep respect for Tata’s leadership and humanitarian work. Rajamouli, in particular, remarked, “Legends are born, and they live forever… Ratan Tata’s legacy is woven into everyday life.” The passing of Ratan Tata has left a profound void, but the legacy he has built in business, philanthropy, and ethics will continue to inspire and guide future generations.

'Humble king who looked after his workers like children': Bollywood reacts to Ratan Tata’s demise

<keyword id="19895142" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Shah-Rukh-Khan" source="keywords">Shah Rukh Khan</keyword>, widely known as the "King of <keyword id="19897820" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bollywood" source="keywords">Bollywood</keyword>," has officially joined the ranks of India’s wealthiest, debuting on the 2024 <keyword id="21075617" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hurun-India-Rich-List" source="keywords">Hurun India Rich List</keyword> with an impressive wealth of Rs 7,300 crores. But how did a Delhi boy with dreams of making it big in Mumbai become one of India’s richest individuals? Let’s dive into the ventures that propelled King Khan into the billionaires' club. <h3 style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;"><keyword id="20033371" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Red-Chillies-Entertainment" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Red Chillies Entertainment" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Red Chillies Entertainment">Red Chillies Entertainment</keyword></h3>Shah Rukh Khan’s production company, Red Chillies Entertainment, has been a significant contributor to his wealth. Founded in 2002, Red Chillies has become a key player in Bollywood, producing blockbuster films and investing in high-quality visual effects. From chart-topping films like Chennai Express and Raees to the massive success of Pathaan in 2023, Red Chillies has consistently delivered box office hits. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112412196" title="&amp;#39;Deadpool &amp;amp; Wolverine&amp;#39; screenwriters reveal secrets and spoilers, including the movie&amp;#39;s original villain and who wrote that Hugh Jackman divorce joke" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>With an estimated revenue consistently in the hundreds of crores and a profit of Rs 85 crores last year, the company has not only cemented SRK’s position as a top actor but also as a successful producer. Furthermore, the company’s VFX division, Red Chillies VFX, has set new benchmarks in the <keyword id="20161413" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-film-industry" source="keywords">Indian film industry</keyword>, working on major projects that have earned critical and commercial acclaim, such as Ra.One, Fan, and Laal Singh Chaddha. These ventures have significantly bolstered SRK’s wealth, making Red Chillies Entertainment a cornerstone of his business empire. <h3 style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;"><keyword id="19899758" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kolkata-Knight-Riders" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Kolkata Knight Riders" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Kolkata Knight Riders">Kolkata Knight Riders</keyword></h3>Shah Rukh Khan’s entry into the sports business with the IPL franchise Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) has been a masterstroke. Co-owned by SRK, Juhi Chawla, and Jay Mehta, KKR has become one of the most successful and profitable franchises not just in the Indian Premier League, but also in the sporting world. The team’s consistent performance on the field has been matched by its financial success off it, with KKR’s brand value rising steadily over the years. As per Forbes, the cricket team was valued at over $1 billion in 2022. This surge in valuation played a crucial role in boosting SRK’s wealth, contributing significantly to his fortune. The success of KKR, coupled with its passionate fan base and strong marketing, has made it a jewel in SRK’s business portfolio, further solidifying his status as a businessman. <h3 style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">Brand SRK: The most followed Indian on social media</h3>More than just a business mogul, Shah Rukh Khan is also a brand unto himself. With 44.1 million followers on Twitter, SRK is the most followed individual from the 2024 Hurun India Rich List on Indian social media. His massive <keyword id="20462299" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="social-media-presence" source="keywords">social media presence</keyword> has translated into lucrative endorsement deals and collaborations with global brands. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112249289" title="One of Singapore&amp;#39;s flashiest CEOs was planning to throw a Tomorrowland-style party for the books. Then the mirage started to fall apart." mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Consistently being one of the most visible endorsers, SRK earns substantially from <keyword id="20004407" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="brand-endorsements" source="keywords">brand endorsements</keyword>, with an estimated fee of Rs 4-5 crores per endorsement. His portfolio includes major brands like Hyundai, Dubai Tourism, and BYJU'S, further adding to his immense wealth. His ability to leverage his celebrity status into profitable business ventures has undoubtedly been a key factor in his <keyword id="21015152" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="wealth-accumulation" source="keywords">wealth accumulation</keyword>. <h3 style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">Real estate</h3>Real estate has always been a key component of wealth building, and Shah Rukh Khan is no exception. Shah Rukh Khan’s <keyword id="22962036" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="real-estate-ventures" source="keywords">real estate ventures</keyword> extend far beyond his iconic Mumbai residence, Mannat. One of his lesser-known yet highly lucrative ventures is in Dubai, where he and his wife Gauri Khan launched a luxurious beachfront residential project, the "SRK Boulevard," located in the posh Dana Islands. This mega project, worth over Rs 18,000 crore, features 10 residential buildings with high-end facilities, including marine sports and leisure amenities. Designed by Los Angeles architect Tony Ashai, with interiors by Gauri Khan, this project highlights SRK’s foray into international real estate <h3>And of course, films</h3>Shah Rukh Khan’s earnings from films and endorsements are a significant part of his wealth. Known as one of the highest-paid actors in India, SRK reportedly charges over Rs 100 crores per film. This is certainly no small amount, but it is unlikely that filmmakers will find fault with it, considering how his films regularly break box office records. As per IMdB, both 2023 films Jawan and Pathaan grossed over Rs 1000 crores worldwide. All in all, King Khan’s entry into the Hurun India Rich List is significant not just for him, but for the entire entertainment industry. SRK’s success reflects the growing financial clout of Indian film stars and the increasing importance of entertainment in wealth creation. In 2024 alone, Hurun India Rich Listers from the entertainment industry added Rs 40,500 crores to their wealth, with SRK leading the charge. This trend highlights the expanding influence of Bollywood and the entertainment sector in India’s broader economic landscape.

Baadshah of Bollywood Shah Rukh Khan debuts on India's richest list with Rs 7,300 cr — here's how the King made his wealth

In a landmark moment for <keyword id="19897820" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bollywood" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Bollywood" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Bollywood">Bollywood</keyword>, <keyword id="19993351" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Shraddha-Kapoor" source="keywords">Shraddha Kapoor</keyword> and <keyword id="20089346" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rajkummar-Rao" source="keywords">Rajkummar Rao</keyword>’s horror-comedy <keyword id="20132930" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Stree-2" source="keywords">Stree 2</keyword> has etched its name into the history books by becoming the <keyword id="22985993" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="highest-grossing-Hindi-film" source="keywords">highest-grossing Hindi film</keyword> ever. The film surpassed the lifetime earnings of Shah Rukh Khan’s <keyword id="19897076" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jawan" source="keywords">Jawan</keyword>, officially cementing its place at the top of the <keyword id="19895835" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="box-office" source="keywords">box office</keyword>. <h2>Record-breaking success</h2>Trade analyst <keyword id="20278358" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Taran-Adarsh" source="keywords">Taran Adarsh</keyword> confirmed the news on his X (formerly Twitter) account, where he shared the staggering numbers that have propelled Stree 2 to this incredible milestone. The film, which is now in its fifth week of release, has accumulated an astounding Rs 586 crore in total box office collections across India. Adarsh’s post read: "Stree 2 scripts HISTORY… Becomes the HIGHEST-GROSSING HINDI FILM EVER… Crosses lifetime biz of #Jawan [#Hindi version]... Next stop: Inaugurating the ₹ 600 cr Club." The film’s daily earnings continue to impress. Over the weekend, Stree 2 earned Rs 3.60 crore on Friday, Rs 5.55 crore on Saturday, and Rs 6.85 crore on Sunday. Even during the weekdays, it showed remarkable consistency, pulling in Rs 3.17 crore on Monday and Rs 2.65 crore on Tuesday. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112528273" title="Beyond Stree 2: Exploring the potential of Indian Cinematic Universes" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Despite stiff competition from Akshay Kumar’s <keyword id="20713953" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Khel-Khel-Mein" source="keywords">Khel Khel Mein</keyword> and John Abraham’s Vedaa, Stree 2 maintained its grip on the box office, becoming a clear favourite among audiences. In its second week alone, the film earned an impressive Rs 453.60 crore, further solidifying its dominance. <h2>A sequel that surpassed expectations</h2>Directed by Amar Kaushik, Stree 2 builds on the foundation laid by its predecessor, Stree (2018), which was a surprise hit at the time. While the original film set high expectations for its sequel, Stree 2 has far exceeded them, drawing praise for its engaging storyline, witty humour, and strong performances by its ensemble cast. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112890023" title="Baadshah of Bollywood Shah Rukh Khan debuts on India&amp;#39;s richest list with Rs 7,300 cr — here&amp;#39;s how the King made his wealth" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The film not only stars Shraddha Kapoor and Rajkummar Rao but also features standout performances from Pankaj Tripathi, Abhishek Banerjee, and Aparshakti Khurana. Special appearances by Bollywood stars Varun Dhawan and Akshay Kumar have also added to the film’s appeal, with their cameos being particularly well-received by fans. <h2>Eyeing the Rs 600 crore milestone</h2>As Stree 2 nears the coveted Rs 600 crore mark, the excitement around the film continues to build. Its success reaffirms the audience’s love for unique storytelling and genre-bending films that mix horror and comedy with social commentary. With its winning formula, Stree 2 has not only captured the box office but also secured a place in the hearts of fans across India. The journey of Stree 2 is far from over, and with the momentum it’s carrying, it may soon set even more box office records. As it stands today, the film’s legacy as the highest-grossing Hindi film ever is a testament to the power of innovative cinema and strong performances. (With inputs from ANI)

'Stree 2' takes the crown, surpasses 'Jawan' as highest-grossing Hindi film

<ul><li><keyword id="6354616" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Twitter" source="Orion">Twitter</keyword> has announced that anyone with a suspended account can request a review for reinstatement under new criteria.</li><li>The appeals will be evaluated under new criteria set by Twitter, but the details of these criteria have not been disclosed.</li><li>According to Twitter, the review process can take several days.</li></ul>Twitter, a microblogging site, has recently said that users will soon be able to appeal account suspension and get their accounts evaluated under new safety standards. In a tweet thread posted by TwitterSafety, the company said, “Starting today, anyone can request that we review a suspended account for reinstatement under our new criteria.” <div type="twitter" handle="TwitterSafety" handlename="Twitter Safety" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1356366102528315394/UHUFLIPh_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7014" retweetcount="8054" status="Starting today, anyone can request that we review a suspended account for reinstatement under our new criteria. You… https://t.co/1GksCBe8ni" createdat="1675279833000" id="1620867218333646848"></div> When <keyword id="6355315" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Elon-musk" source="Orion">Elon Musk</keyword> took over Twitter, he said he would offer amnesty to previously banned and suspended accounts. Since then, he has restored dozens of controversial high-profile users, including Donald Trump (yet to return to the platform), comedian Kathy Griffin, number of white nationalists, and much controversial Bollywood actress, Kangana Ranaut. Now, Twitter is opening a public-facing appeals process by which anyone whose account has previously been suspended to request reinstatement. The company also indicated a new appeals process would be coming as part of its policy to take ‘less severe actions’ against rule-breaking accounts. Going forward, the company also said they will take less severe action. Twitter also added that appeals would be evaluated under new criteria for reinstatement, but it didn’t elaborate on the criteria and how long the process would take. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="To appeal a suspended Twitter account, follow these steps." comment="subhead" text="To appeal a suspended Twitter account, follow these steps.">To appeal a suspended Twitter account, follow these steps.</cmsannotation> <ol><li>Go to the Twitter Help Center: Visit https://help.twitter.com/en and click on “Report a suspended account” under the “Accounts” category.</li><li>Log in to your suspended account: You will be prompted to log in to your suspended account if you are not already logged in.</li><li>Submit an appeal form: Fill out the appeal form with the required information and provide a detailed explanation of why you believe your account was suspended in error.</li><li>Wait for a response: Twitter will review your appeal and respond with a decision. The review process can take several days.</li></ol>SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/new-patent-suggests-that-apple-could-bring-a-foldable-iphone-with-a-self-healing-display-in-the-future/articleshow/97302738.cms">New patent suggests that Apple could bring a foldable iPhone with a self-healing display in the future</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apples-mixed-reality-headset-could-feature-full-body-facetime-avatars/articleshow/97300580.cms">Apple's Mixed Reality headset could feature advanced hand tracking and may work as a second display for Mac</a>

Twitter finally opens public appeals for suspended accounts — here’s how you can reclaim your lost profile

In early November, as <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/03/technology/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk.html">mass layoffs began</a> at Twitter and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/14/twitter-fake-eli-lilly/">blue-check parodies</a> were about to nuke the company's advertising business, the new owner got a little dorm-roomy. At 1:13 a.m. on a Thursday, Elon Musk <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588081971221053440">tweeted</a>:This was a pretty wild thing to be thinking about, given all the potentially company-ending chaos that Musk was getting ready to inflict on Twitter. But it also revealed something important about his thought process. Musk has long worried, very publicly, about the dangers that all-powerful <a href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/digital-future-daily/2022/04/26/elon-musks-biggest-worry-00027915">cybernetic superintelligences</a> might pose to humanity. So you might think that if Twitter were one of those, that would have been high on his list of reasons not to spend $44 billion to buy the company. Perhaps he didn't perceive that particular caveat until he was the emptor. Or perhaps the price he paid for Twitter wasn't the only thing that was high.Either way, Musk had stumbled on to a rich theoretical vein. Flocks of birds, schools of fish, herds of cattle, swarms of bees, even tumors, brains, and sometimes drones and software agents — what we might collectively call "collectives" — do preternaturally intelligent things when they work in unison.So Musk was on to something big. Biologists, anthropologists, and information theorists do think that social networks, like Musk's bird app, show at least some signs of being flocks. On a social network, all the likes and faves, the mutual follows and retweets and shares, turn us individual users into something bigger, smarter, and weirder. And scientists hope that the mechanisms for how that works could someday help tame the crappier aspects of social media — the polarization, the disinformation, the harassment, the Nazis. Understanding Twitter as a collective could make social media less polarizing and more useful.But the thing is, I don't think that's what Musk meant. And since he hit on the idea of Twitter as a collective intelligence, he's gone on to get every implication of that larger thought wrong. At a core level, he simply doesn't understand what he bought, or how it works. And whether Musk manages to hold this thing together or spin it into shards, his deeper misunderstanding should make all of us even more worried about the future of social media than we already are. If Twitter is a collective superbrain, that superbrain might be sociopathic.<h2>Resistance is futile</h2>Here's a chilling sentence: Elon Musk was right.A group of seemingly random-acting individuals turns into a collective when it follows a set of simple rules, like "turn right when the guy nearest you turns right" or "make an alarmed noise when you hear an alarmed noise." From these tiny instruction sets, all sorts of complicated cooperative actions (pack hunting, migrations) arise spontaneously, like a weaver creating an intricate twill pattern just by repeating a couple of simple flicks of their loom. Scientists call those emergent behaviors.For the behaviors to emerge, though, animals have to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/2041-210X.13939">communicate</a>. Fish and birds use visual signals about what their neighbors are doing — turn left, dive fast, whatever — to <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2102157118">create the gorgeous flowing murmurations</a> of starlings or quick en-masse undulations of anchovy schools. Hyenas use audible calls. Ants lay down pheromone trails. And people? We have language. That's how we trade information.<div type="image" title="A school of fish all swim away from a shark in a huge, blue-tinted aquarium" height="2379" width="3825" msid="95660530" hostid="261"></div>In that sense, social networks are definitely collectives. Where else do so many humans communicate with so many other humans than on Twitter and Facebook and TikTok? They're collectives, and things like viral memes or Arab Springs are what emerge. "Collective behavior happens wherever you have rules of interaction among individuals. You get emergent properties," says Joe Bak-Coleman, a researcher at the Craig Newmark Center for Journalism Ethics and Security at Columbia University who studies this stuff. "But that's quite different from the question of, at these very large scales, are we processing information and making good decisions?"Musk's tweet attracted Bak-Coleman's attention because he has been working for years on the idea that understanding the collectivist nature of social networks might <a href="https://techpolicy.press/on-elon-musks-vision-of-twitter-as-a-hive-mind/">make them better</a>. Yes, people communicate on social networks. But the twist, Bak-Coleman warns, is that "social networks change how that information propagates." Our words go further, faster. We don't get any of the signals of trustworthiness our brains have evolved to look for. If the bird closest to you says "turn right," he may just be trying to trick you into voting for Donald Trump. And since we're all more likely to spread signals that are new, surprising, or emotionally fraught, disinformation and rage move faster online than truth or beauty. But there's an upside. As Bak-Coleman and a bunch of his colleagues pointed out last year in a paper called "<a href="https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025764118">Stewardship of Global Collective Behavior</a>," all those ideas circulating so widely and rapidly mean that one simple tweak could make a social network a lot more pleasant. All that's needed is to tap the brakes — to add a little bit more friction to the system, making it fractionally harder for any individual expression to go viral.In most high-functioning networks, signals start to degrade after just three or four degrees of separation. The lords and masters of Twitter or Facebook could set their systems so that when an idea threatens to infect the internet, circuit breakers activate. Think of it like mask-wearing and ventilation, but for memes. Fresh ideas might take a little longer to spread. But the germs will get filtered out.The desire for a better filtering system may be why so many Twitter users are <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135243276/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk">decamping</a> to the newish social network Mastodon like ships fleeing a sinking rat. Mastodon's many servers (or "instances"), each with its own rules of behavior, make wideband communication slightly less easy than on Twitter. That adds up to a kind of "<a href="https://uxdesign.cc/mastodon-is-antiviral-design-42f090ab8d51">antivirality</a>," as the tech writer Clive Thompson put it. The network disfavors speed and distance, which makes the overall experience more pleasant.But Musk isn't doing any of that. Yes, he figured out what Twitter is. But he failed to grasp how it operates, or why.<h2>The rules aren't simple</h2>Which brings us to a more familiar sentence: Elon Musk was wrong. Collectives emerge only when they follow simple rules laid out by physics and biology — when the group itself decides on a course of action. But social networks are built on rails, governed by algorithms, which interferes with the self-organizing. Musk doesn't seem to understand that Twitter can't turn into a collective cybergenius if he, the owner, won't let it have a mind of its own."Elon's tweet is basically espousing the invisible hand of social behavior," Bak-Coleman says. "We just connect everyone and the invisible hand of collective intelligence will usher in a utopia with free speech and no violence? That would maybe play well on Joe Rogan's podcast to a stoned listener, but it's no different than the claim that the economy will just work itself out."<div type="image" title="An image of new Twitter owner Elon Musk is seen surrounded by Twitter logos in this photo illustration." height="3850" width="5134" msid="95660533" hostid="261"></div>Just like an economy, a social network has rules and regulations. And the current rules deployed by Twitter and most of the other dominant social networks are designed to subtly enhance conflict. The thermostat is set a little high; the chairs are a little cramped. Why? Because all those algorithmic choices keep us clicking. "They drive up engagement and mine our attention to feed us ads, which we engage with and buy stuff, and that generates revenue for the site," Bak-Coleman says.No group can develop collective cognition if all its members are trolling one another. "A brain that's infighting and unable to come to a consensus would be unable to operate," says Iain Couzin, an expert in collective behavior who serves as the director of the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior at the University of Konstanz. "We do not have natural selection operating on Twitter, so the analogy fails. Facebook, Twitter — all the human social networks do not have that property."In this construction, a social network might have become a collective superintelligence, had capitalists left it to its — our? — own devices. But the algorithms and ads that make it profitable exclude the possibility of emergent collective cognition. They murder the superintelligence in its infancy, and in its place we get a dumb machine optimized to extract profit from our attention.<h2>Common sense</h2>The truth is probably somewhere in between. Maybe Musk was right, but wrong about how he was right. A social network on algorithmic rails could be an emergent uberbrain and also be terrible, a cybernetic superintelligence that will be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-staff-commit-extremely-hardcore-work-laid-off-2022-11">extremely hardcore</a> in pursuit of profit.The science of collectivity suggests that social networks come in two flavors: kind and gentle, or profitable. Think of all the different approaches to social media: short video clips, long blog entries, short text, still pictures, moderated, unmoderated, anonymous, and so on. So far, all of the for-profit ones have ended up chaotic-evil. But even the foremost experts in the field will be the first to acknowledge they don't really know why that is, or how to fix it. "We have no idea what produces collective intelligence among humans, especially at large scales," says Duncan Watts, a computational social scientist at the University of Pennsylvania who has worked as a researcher at Yahoo and Microsoft. Finding some science to tame social networks would be great, of course — "a super important question, both for science and society," Watts says. "But it's so far removed from what most of social science has actually established that I'm not sure we know anything useful at all."Studying collectives is hard, y'all. When the networks are run by public companies and have 100 million users? Forget about it. "We have zero clue," Bak-Coleman concedes. "Well, not zero clue. But if Elon Musk decided that the current recommendation system is bad, let's say, and replaced it with a whole new system, and shared the code and data with scientists, and gave us a year and a half with it, we still couldn't tell you what that would do to democracy."Couzin says much the same. "It would be helpful if there was an openness about these algorithms," he says. "There's an interesting ethical aspect to the control, the subtle dials they have to control the information structure."So what did Musk do the minute he took over Twitter? He <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-ethical-ai-team/">fired the team</a> that studies this stuff and shares data with outside researchers. So the nature of Twitter's superintelligence, like Musk's, remains a matter of faith.<h2>We really are all in this together, alas</h2>The single most tantalizing piece of evidence supporting the proposition that Twitter is a positive, uplifted, emergent superintelligence comes, perhaps ironically, from what looks to be its final act: the fact that so many people are leaving it.One of the most basic things a collective does is <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0387">move</a>, whether it's bacteria attacking a new organ or elephants walking to water. So the way everyone on Twitter seems to be trudging across the digital veldt toward Mastodon, Couzin says, "is a collective migration, sharing many of the hallmarks we see in animal networks."But not just any animal network. Specifically, we're all acting like <a href="https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/abs/2004/02/M4204/M4204.html">honeybees</a> looking for a new nest. When a hive breaks down, a honeybee swarm sends out scouts with the specs for a perfect nest encoded in their brains — things like size of entrance, location, square footage, and so on. Scouts are the realtors of the honeybee world. They find candidate locations and then fly back to the cluster of bees looking for a new home, where they argue their case. By dancing.Each scout's choreography encodes the direction and distance to the site it's touting. The better the site is, the longer and more vigorously the scout dances, recruiting other scouts and non-scout bees to its moves. The scene eventually turns into a whole-hive dance-off — "Step Up: The Swarm" — until only one team is left. All the bees align into a massive apiary Bollywood number that also teaches everyone the new nest's coordinates. Then they all buzz off.So: To bee or not to bee? Under Musk, Twitter has entered the dance-off phase. I probably spend too much time on there, but my experience of the past couple of weeks has been that of a bee watching the scouts return. Some groove toward Mastodon; others get down to Cohost. I have even picked up some new dance moves. I'll be sad if the Twitter superintelligence starts singing a Kubrickian cover of "Daisy" and implodes into a pile of melting isolinear chips. But I look forward to being part of a new collective, wherever we decide to locate our next hive-mind.The analogy isn't perfect, of course. And as the scientists are quick to point out, you can't equate people with insects. "Humans," Couzin says, "are much more intelligent than bees."Uh-huh. Sure we are.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/adam-rogers">Adam Rogers</a> is a senior correspondent at Insider.

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