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If reports are to be believed, <keyword id="2707285" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bharatiya-Nabhikiya-Vidyut-Nigam-Limited">Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</keyword> (<keyword id="2263493" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bhavini">BHAVINI</keyword>), which is the implementing arm of the Department of Atomic Energy, is planning to construct six new <keyword id="3157588" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Fast-Breeder-Reactors">Fast Breeder Reactors</keyword> (FBRs) over the next 15 years. 
 India's first 500-MWe <keyword id="1810440" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="prototype-fast-breeder-reactor">Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor</keyword> (<keyword id="81647" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="PFBR">PFBR</keyword>), situated at Kalpakkam, around 70 km from Chennai, is expected to become critical in March or April next year, as per <keyword id="2707284" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="P-Chellapandi">P Chellapandi</keyword>, BHAVINI’s Chairman and Managing Director. 
 
Chellapandi was speaking to reporters on sidelines of an International Conference, which is organised by Nuclear Fuel Complex. He further continued, "We are planning two more reactors. Once after one year of successful operation of this PFBR, we have to watch, then we will seek government sanction for construction of two 600 MW reactors at Kalpakkam. With the two proposed 600 MWs, we are optimising and constructing higher power with same costs." 
 
"Afterwards we have to think of new places for putting four more units. The site selection committee is choosing some places and are studying suitable size. Immediate vision is to construct two FBRs at Kalpakkam and four more beyond 2030," Chellapandi added. 
 The construction of PFBR, which is designed by Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, is over and is impending clearance from the <keyword id="6540613" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Atomic-Energy-Regulatory-Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</keyword> (<keyword id="60783" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="AERB">AERB</keyword>) in phases for sodium charging, fuel loading, reactor criticality and power rising (generation). 
 
"AERB had already sent many specialists to the PFBR and we are also going for review process. Some experts are going to meet this month and we are likely to get clearance for sodium charging. After this we have to get clearance for fuel loading and that may happen in January-February and the reactor may become critical in March or April 2016," Chellapandi said. 
 
The prototype fast breeder reactor uses MOX fuel, which is a combination of plutonium and uranium oxide. 
 
"We will replace some bundles with actual fuel bundles then reactor/unit may become critical. By March or April, chain reaction will be sustained. It will be neutronically commissioned (by putting fuel and generating power) by April," he said. 
 
<a href="http://cdn.youthkiawaaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/26/heres-must-say-nuclear-energy-india/nuclear-plant.jpg">Image source</a>

Clean Energy Push: Six more nuclear reactors to be added to India’s fleet of 21

<ul class="summary-list"><li>When Summer Lee ran for Congress in 2022, she had to battle a wave of pro-Israel spending.</li><li>That didn't happen this year, despite her initially appearing to be a top target.</li></ul>Going into this year, Rep. Summer Lee seemed <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-squad-primary-challengers-dates-races-israel-progressives-2024-2">likely to be a top target</a> for pro-Israel groups.The first-term "Squad" member won the 2022 Democratic primary for her Pittsburgh-area House seat by less than 1,000 votes after facing down millions of dollars in outside spending from a super PAC affiliated with the The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).But that level of spending didn't materialize again this year, and Lee handily defeated Democratic primary opponent Bhavini Patel on Tuesday.Both AIPAC and another key pro-Israel group, Democratic Majority for Israel (DMFI), opted to stay out of the primary. But that doesn't mean other progressives will go unscathed."The national pro-Israel community did not engage in this race, which means it's not really a serious test," DMFI President Mark Mellman <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/23/progressives-stare-down-primary-challengers/">told the Washington Post</a>. "But there will be tests yet to come."<h2>Pro-Israel groups have become the biggest opponents of progressives in Democratic primaries</h2>The rise of the progressive left — spurred by Sen. Bernie Sanders's presidential campaigns and accelerated by shock victories by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-antisemitic-christian-fundamentalism-israel-palestinian-conflict-2023-10">politicians like Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> — has brought with it a cohort of Democratic politicians who are more critical of Israel and sympathetic toward Palestinians.That's increasingly been a challenge for groups like AIPAC, who have long worked to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/conditions-us-aid-israel-blank-check-bernie-sanders-2023-11">maintain a bipartisan consensus</a> around support for Israel through lobbying and political fundraising.Those groups began fighting back in 2020 and 2022, drawing on the support of deep-pocketed donors — many of which Republicans — to try to block progressive candidates from winning Democratic primaries across the country.One of those progressive candidates was Lee, who was elected to the Pennsylvania State House in 2018 with the backing of the Democratic Socialists of America. Pro-Israel groups spent money against Lee not just in the primary, but <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/results-summer-lee-mike-doyle-pennylvania-12th-district-house-election-2022-11">in the general election</a> as well.<h2>Why that didn't happen this year</h2>Lee, who called for a cease-fire soon after the October 7 Hamas attacks, initially seemed vulnerable in part due to anger from the local Jewish community in Squirrel Hill, where the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-how-it-unfolded-2018-10">Tree of Life Synagogue mass shooting</a> took place in 2018.That congregation's rabbi, along with several others, signed <a target="_blank" href="https://jewishinsider.com/2024/03/pittsburgh-area-rabbis-sign-open-letter-denouncing-rep-summer-lee-over-anti-israel-rhetoric/">two different letters</a> to the congresswoman denouncing her rhetoric on Israel.But the politics of Israel within the Democratic Party <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-divide-democrats-ukraine-republicans-hamas-gaza-2023-10">shifted significantly</a> in the intervening months, in large part due to the brutality of Israel's war in Gaza, which has killed more than 30,000 Palestinians.The progressive forces backing Lee also ended up being stronger than those hoping to defeat her.Lee's opponent Patel did receive roughly $612,000 in outside spending from a super PAC bankrolled by GOP billionaire Jeff Yass, a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-trump-changed-his-mind-on-tiktok-2024-3">significant investor in TikTok's parent company.</a> But that only proved to be a boon for Lee and her allies, who blasted Patel for benefiting from a GOP megadonor's largesse.Meanwhile, progressive groups supporting Lee spent nearly $710,000, and on Sunday, Ocasio-Cortez came to Pittsburgh to rally with Lee.Lastly, Lee — despite being significantly to the left of President Joe Biden — aligned herself closely with the president's agenda, including running on <a target="_blank" href="https://summerlee.house.gov/posts/fact-sheet-rep-summer-lee-announces-over-1-billion-federal-dollars-delivered-to-western-pa-celebrating-unprecedented-milestone">over $1 billion in federal funding</a> that she helped deliver to the district, much of which was originally allocated under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.That helped the congresswoman neutralize attacks from Patel, who sought to paint Lee as being insufficient loyal to Biden. The president even shouted out the congresswoman as one of the "folks who've had my back" during a recent visit to the city.

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Clean Energy Push: Six more nuclear reactors to be added to India’s fleet of 21

BI India Bureau

How one 'Squad' member avoided an avalanche of pro-Israel money

Bryan Metzger

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