<ul><li>The central government is set to launch <keyword id="7815662" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jal-Shakti-Abhiyan">Jal Shakti Abhiyan</keyword> to fight water crisis problems in the country. </li><li>The campaign will work out measures for <keyword id="6354898" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rainwater-harvesting">rainwater harvesting</keyword> and <keyword id="6362691" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="water-conservation">water conservation</keyword> efforts in 255 districts from July 1 to September 15, in its first phase and would be coordinated by central government IAS officers as decisions relating to water is a state issue. </li><li>The second phase will run from October 1 to November 30 in states that receive rains from the north-east monsoon. </li><li>Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on June 22, wrote letters to village panchayat heads and urged them to undertake rainwater harvesting and water conservation efforts in rural India. </li></ul>The new finance minister <keyword id="129243" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> will present the Union Budget for 2019-20 in the Parliament on July 5. Just days before, Prime Minister Narendra Modi set the tone for the big announcement likely on Friday by initiating the ‘Jal Shakti Abhiyan’, a project to conserve water through rainwater harvesting and other efforts to save water. Amid the high temperatures and severe water crisis, the country is going through, it would be among government’s main agenda to tackle the rapidly increasing water issues throughout the country, The major cities of India like Chennai and Bengaluru were recently in the news due to severe water crisis. The story of rural India is more frightening where 80% of rural homes does not have piped water supply. Only 18% of 17.9 million rural homes have tap water. The central government in efforts to deal with water related issues had merged the water resources and drinking water and sanitation ministries and formed the Jal Shakti Ministry. The new ministry, which has the decision making power over all international and interstate water disputes, the Clean Ganga project, and making drinking water accessible, will be hopeful of a handsome budget to deal with the The government is also set to launch the Jal Shakti Abhiyan to workout measures for rainwater harvesting and water conservation from July 1 in a phased manner, under the supervision of central government IAS officers of Joint or Additional Secretary-level in 255 districts. It seeks to work out measures for rainwater harvesting and water conservation efforts in 255 districts of the country starting July 1, 2019. The campaign is planned in a phased manner, where the first phase starts on July 1 and would run till September 15 in states receiving rainfall during the south-west monsoon, and would be coordinated by the IAS officers of Joint or Additional Secretary-rank from the 255 districts. The next phase will kickstart from October 1 and run till November 30 and will cover states that receive rainfall during the north-east monsoon. As water is not central government issue and state governments are free to decide upon policies for usage and water conservation, the officers will be drawn from various ministries of Government of India, including the Department of Space, Petroleum and Defence, <a href="https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/31-16-2019-EOMM-I.pdf">according to the Department of Personnel and Training</a>. Prior to the launch of the campaign, high level teams were constituted in the 255 districts, and engineers and technical staff was designated in 1,539 blocks across the country to measure ground water levels, the state of aquifers, and ponds and water bodies under encroachment. India’s population is 17.74% of the total world population, whereas the water resources account for a mere 4%. This combined with ever increasing demand and depleting water sources due to encroachment, contamination and reduced rainfall, puts India in a grave situation. “As of today, India only conserves 8% of all rainfall, which is among the lowest in the world,” <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/under-jal-shakti-scheme-centre-to-focus-on-replenishing-water-bodies/story-heKzqsW0IzPfY0lwi9OjxI.html">a senior Jal Shakti official said</a>.”we need to change this.” In line with Gram Swaraj Abhiyan The Jal Shakti Abhiyan is in line with last year’s Gram Swaraj Abhiyan, where central government officials monitored the implementation of seven flagship development schemes in 117 districts across the country. To further achieve its target, the ministry will draft block and district level water conservation plans and the Kisan Vigyan Kendras would organise fests to promote better crop choices and more efficient usage of water for irrigation. To spread awareness about the campaign, major communications campaign on TV, radio, social media would be carried out, for which celebrities will also be roped in. The prime minister, on June 22, wrote letters to all village panchayat heads, and urged them to undertake rainwater harvesting and water conservation activities in rural India, <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=190639">as per PIB release</a>. “In the last four years, nearly 50,000 villages have used MGNREGA [rural income guarantee act] and other state funds to successfully conserve rain water in a big way,” rural development secretary <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/under-jal-shakti-scheme-centre-to-focus-on-replenishing-water-bodies/story-heKzqsW0IzPfY0lwi9OjxI.html">Amarjeet Sinha was quoted saying</a>. The government is also likely to announce a national water conservation policy along with a conservation programme for the 226 highly water stressed districts of the country, an official said. Plans with the MPs to prioritise water storage works under their local area development fund are also underway. “Any national policy on water has to pivot around ground water because “ground water is India’s water lifeline”. Secondly, he said there is a complete policy vacuum on the urban water sector and India urgently needs a programme to regulate its urban-water footprint,” said Himanshu Thakkar of the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People.

Nirmala Sitharaman’s budget on Friday may push for water conservation

<ul><li><keyword id="54572" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</keyword> India said within 30 years of our establishment in India, PepsiCo India has grown exponentially to emerge as one of the largest Food and Beverage company in the country.</li><li>On account of such a tremendous growth, PepsiCo India has committed to invest over $2.1 billion in the country over a five-year period ending in 2022. </li><li>"While there have been some short-term head winds due to Covid, we at PepsiCo are extremely optimistic about the future and are committed to provide consumers the right portfolio of products across food and <keyword id="23943" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="beverages">beverages</keyword>," they said.</li></ul> In an interview with IANS, Vishal Kaul, Vice President &amp; Business Head, Beverages, PepsiCo India and Dilen Gandhi, Senior Director and Category Head of Foods, PepsiCo India said within 30 years of our establishment in India, PepsiCo India has grown exponentially to emerge as one of the largest Food and Beverage company in the country. On account of such a tremendous growth, PepsiCo India has committed to invest over $2.1 billion in the country over a five-year period ending in 2022. "'As people adjust to the enew normal', in-home consumption is witnessing a significant uptake. We are witnessing a jump in both penetration and frequency of our food and beverage categories. There is a growing demand for our larger packs as in-home occasions of togetherness have increased manifold. While the consumers are looking at in-home experiences and seeking convenience, they are also looking at value," they said. "While there have been some short-term head winds due to Covid, we at PepsiCo are extremely optimistic about the future and are committed to provide consumers the right portfolio of products across food and beverages," they said. "Even in the COVID environment, our categories are seeing robust demand and growth across most channels," they added. Q: How is PepsiCo India responding with its business models to the Covid-19 situation? A: The COVID-19 has led to a complete paradigm shift as everything around us has changed- consumer behavior, retail landscape, competitive environment. Very early on, we realized there was no playbook to tackle the COVID challenge and the situation would continue to change. So, we had to arm ourselves with taking quick decisions while not having all the relevant information. To help us navigate the crisis, we established 6 guiding principles: Being People Centric, Being Consumer Centric, Being Customer Centric, Being Community Stewards, Being Agile and Being Prudent. These were the lens through which we saw every decision and we empowered our teams for agile decision making. At a time when stepping out for even essentials was fraught with risks, making our product conveniently available for our retailers and consumers was a key focus area. Hyper-local delivery emerged as a solution and we invested in emergent channels like Ecommerce for both B2C and B2B. We partnered with Amazon, Big Basket, Grofers, Swiggy and Dunzo to ensure uninterrupted availability of our food and beverage products to consumers across locations with safe delivery-on demand for all our consumers. For B2B, we further strengthened our existing Distributor model with the EB2B model, where we partnered with Udaan and Big Basket to help small and medium businesses. This partnership ensured our product portfolio was easily made available to retailers, so that they can cater to demand in the market. Q: How does PepsiCo view the big jump in consumption of snacks and beverages at home? A: PepsiCo India has always kept a pulse on consumer trends and continued to develop its portfolio in line with what consumers want. As people adjust to the enew normal', in-home consumption is witnessing a significant uptake. We are witnessing a jump in both penetration and frequency of our food and beverage categories. There is a growing demand for our larger packs as in-home occasions of togetherness have increased manifold. While the consumers are looking at in home experiences and seeking convenience, they are also looking at value. In order to serve the consumer better and rapidly adapt to their changing requirements we have introduced a 1.25-liter PET pack in our beverage portfolio at a very affordable price of Rs 50 which will enable the stay-at- home times even more special for our consumers. We have also introduced various combo packs for our food portfolio creating and further driving in-home consumption.Q: What are the investment plans for PepsiCo in India? A: Within 30 years of our establishment in India, PepsiCo India has grown exponentially to emerge as the largest Food and Beverage company in the country. On account of such a tremendous growth, PepsiCo India has committed to invest over $2.1 billion in the country over a five-year period ending in 2022. This commitment is a part of our previously disclosed commitment to invest $5.5 billion in India and includes our plan to double our manufacturing capabilities locally in the next five years, to cater to the ever-increasing demand of our products among the consumers. In recent years, we have announced an investment of Rs 514 Crores in a new foods facility in Uttar Pradesh which will provide 1,500 direct/indirect jobs. We have also invested in increasing capacity at our existing foods plants in West Bengal and Maharashtra and have additionally proposed to set up a greenfield project in Assam. Q: What is the production capacity for the PepsiCo products, and has it reached pre-Covid levels? A: We have resumed operations/ manufacturing across foods and beverages in the best manner possible, ensuring that all guidelines regarding safety of our employees are strictly adhered to. In the current environment and limited workforce across shifts, we are trying to ensure that we can meet the demand and operate at an optimal level to cater to our consumers with their favorite snacks and beverages. Nonetheless, we remain committed towards our employees and our consumers and see an uptake in both supply and demand in both categories. Q: What has been the response to the Covid situation? A: As brands look at engaging with consumers, the first and foremost part is that the current situation requires brands to provide consumers with a seamless and safe buying experience. That apart, this is also a unique opportunity to build an even more authentic relationship with the consumers by listening to them and providing the functional and emotional comfort. While there have been new ways of ensuring consumers had 24X7 accessibility of our products in a safe and hygienic manner, Brands across the PepsiCo India portfolio have also initiated interesting campaigns rooted into insights that we mined through the real time social listening we do at PepsiCo For consumers, safety comes first, and they are now refraining from going to crowded places and prefer low exposure. Hence, we partnered with SWIGGY and Dunzo to provide our products across food and beverages at their doorsteps, 24X7. We also saw that with low touch format being the new trend, there was a need to work with our partners to find low or no touch solutions for dispensing water. After extensive research and trials, we were able to finalize the Aquafina Low touch dispenser model as a product that we could roll out now given it meets key criteria including safety of consumer,practicality as well as economies of scale. We also evolved in the way we communicated to our consumers with messaging that were more relevant in current times. For example, <keyword id="44672" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pepsi">Pepsi</keyword> identified that while social distancing was the new normal, however a lot of consumers were either not aware of it or were not following it fully. Salaam and Namaste, which were deeply rooted into Indian culture are actually the best forms of contactless greetings, which was the need of the hour during the COVID times. In an endeavor to make these contactless Indian greetings a part of pop culture, Pepsi introduced a digital forward campaign that aimed at inspiring the world that greeting each other with salaam/namaste is a perfect way to ensure social distancing and yet maintain connections responsibly. It encouraged behavioral change through adherence to social distancing norms in an entertaining manner. The campaign broke all past records in India and made a meaningful impact to the consumers' lives. On the other hand, LAY'S, started a special initiative for the many unsung heroes of India - farmers, truck drivers, retailers, etc. e who continue to bring joy to millions even in these challenging times. The brand partnered with Smile Foundation to provide hygiene kits to over 40,000 families of such unsung heroes. These hygiene kits contain masks and sanitizers, to support these champions as they continue to work hard even in these unprecedented times. As part of the initiative LAY'S has also collaborated with leading Indian brands like Airtel, ICICI Bank, Parachute, Dunzo, Big Basket, JK Type, Vistara, Grofers and together have thanked millions of these unsung heroes. We also had other brands from our portfolio like Mountain Dew, Quaker, Tropicana etc do similar contextual campaigns and the response from the consumers has been overwhelming.Q: What have been the sustainability initiatives of PepsiCo? A: In its role as a responsible social citizen, PepsiCo India has taken several initiatives to contribute to the nation's ongoing efforts to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. As part of its #GiveMealsGiveHope global programme, PepsiCo India provided over 10 million meals to the underprivileged and marginalized families impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak across India. The meals were distributed in partnership with Akshaya Patra Foundation, Smile Foundation &amp; CII Foundation, across the country. The company also extended support to the healthcare and diagnostic facilities by providing over 35,000 COVID-19 testing kits to government labs, supplementing their efforts to combat the pandemic. Furthermore, the COVID 19 crisis has impacted the restaurants and the workers significantly. It is forecasted that 4 out of 10 restaurants would shut down. Pepsi initiated a campaign #PepsiSaveOurResturants, an inclusive program where every time you order food and add a beverage to your order and it can be any beverage -- Pepsi or any other beverage, Pepsi will give that many meals to the restaurant workers who have served us. Pepsi partnered with NRAI and Swiggy to bring this campaign to life. The campaign has got great response as it has provided many consumers an avenue to support the restaurant workers who have always served them. Q: What are the changing consumer patterns expected due to Covid? A: The COVID-19 challenge is making both consumers and brands face a new reality. Consumer behavior and pattern is emerging and evolving at a fast pace. Some of the key insights that are emerging are as follows: #Mobile is the new TV: Consumers, customers, employees and our ecosystem partners have leap frogged towards leveraging digital solutions and the mobile is at the epicenter of all this. Be it work from home, communication to consumers, taking orders from customers or Ecom, consumers are practically dependent on their mobiles. They are consuming content online, buying online and even engaging with extended family and finds online. Therefore, it's important to jump shift this capability and work with the ecosystem partners to strengthen this muscle. #Value in Table Stakes: While value has always been important for consumers, going forward it would become even more crucial. The brands/companies who can re-engineer their business models to deliver this via an advantaged model, would succeed in the long term. #Hope Trust and Fun: We believe consumers would be looking at 3 emotional benefits and brands that can provide the same authentically, would be the ones that consumers would choose - The first is Hope. Hope is tied very closely to empathy. Brands need to be empathic and craft messages which are reassuring and relatable to consumers in these unprecedented times. - The second is Trust. Now more than ever, consumers need to see brands walk the talk in everything they do e whether it is the core product promise or leading a cause to support communities. -The third is Fun. Today, consumers are working twice as hard, donning multiple hats and with sources of entertainment and recreation limited, a brand that can that can present an opportunity for consumers to express themselves in a fun manner will be able to build deeper connects with the consumers The situation would continue to evolve and it is important we continuously have our ear to the ground and we keep sharpening the strategy basis consumer needs. Q: What are the initiatives to bolster the retail network by PepsiCo? A: The pandemic has given rise to a enew-normal' world and we at PepsiCo India have maintained a close look out on the evolving consumer behavior pattern to be better prepared for the future. We take cognizance of the fact that we need to cater to different audiences, be it consumers, partners, distributors through different channels. For the consumers, demand for online deliveries has soared since the start of the stay-at-home order. Thereby, it was almost imperative for businesses to enhance their Direct to Customer (D2C) channels like Swiggy, Dunzo to ensure we have exclusive e-stores and a mechanism to cater to our consumers at their doorstep 24/7. By tapping the 'Daily Grocery' on Dunzo's app, customers can visit the LAY'S E-store and get these products delivered within an hour of ordering. The initiative has currently been launched as a pilot in <keyword id="6354321" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</keyword> and will eventually expand to 4 more cities across Mumbai, Gurugram, Delhi, and Jaipur. For the beverage category, we have tied up with Swiggy stores where we ensure availability of our products to the consumer on demand and delivery within 2 hours. On the other hand, Aquafina has tied up with a micro delivery platform OwO is for expanding reach into "At -home" consumption of packaged water. From a consumer perspective, our research has shown that consumers prefer dealing with apps such as OwO as they find it convenient. For the retailers and wholesalers, an interesting emerging channel is the EB2B model, under which PepsiCo India has entered into deep partnership with Udaan and Big Basket to help small and medium businesses. They should always have access to our product portfolio to ensure that they always meet demand. On the other hand, we remain committed to the distributors and ensure that we grow them and grow with them. Q: How does PepsiCo view the recent agriculture reforms including the flexibility to farmers to sell their products? A: Let's talk briefly about our collaborative programme and how that is focused on working closely with the farmers and based on years of trust and relationship. At PepsiCo India, we are guided by eWinning with Purpose' - our fundamental belief that the success of the company is inextricably linked to the sustainability of the world around. Agriculture is at the heart of PepsiCo India, and the companies relationship with farmers in India goes back 30 years. PepsiCo was the first company to introduce own researched processed grade varieties in India in late 90's. At present, PepsiCo is largest processed grade potato buyer in India. To fulfill its chip grade potato demand locally, PepsiCo developed largest collaborative farming for potato in India spread across 13 states working involving over 24,000 farmers. The potatoes are then processed in 3 manufacturing plants which employ close to 2,000 direct and indirect employees. The retention rate of farmers being part of the collaborative farming program is as high as 98 per cent. All the potato used in Lay's and Uncle Chipps is sourced from farmers in India e in fact, PepsiCo is the largest buyer of chip grade potato in the country today. Q: What are your views on the outlook for consumer sentiment? Is it an essential versus discretionary choice? A: India consumption story has just started and according to industry reports, India will be the 3rd largest consumption market by 2025. While there have been some short-term head winds due to Covid, we at PepsiCo are extremely optimistic about the future and are committed to provide consumers the right portfolio of products across food and beverages. Even in the COVID environment, our categories are seeing robust demand and growth across most channels. Our robust and balanced portfolio across "Fun for You" products like Pepsi, Lays Dew, Kurkure or "Better For You" products like Lipton, Pepsi Black or "Good For You" products like Quaker, Tropicana and Gatorade are getting greater acceptance from consumers. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/after-google-pwc-india-declares-a-company-wide-holiday-for-its-employees-this-friday-offers-time-off-for-a-well-deserved-break/articleshow/77125627.cms">After Google, PwC India declares a company-wide holiday for its employees this Friday – offers time off for a 'well-deserved' break</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/mukesh-ambani-is-now-the-fifth-richest-person-in-the-world-according-to-forbes/articleshow/77105843.cms">Mukesh Ambani is now the fifth richest person in the world, according to Forbes</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tcs-infosys-hcl-tech-dont-want-h1b-ban-but-are-pocketing-savings-while-it-lasts/articleshow/77120776.cms">The H1-B visa ban is not what Indian IT firms want⁠— but they are pocketing some savings while it last</a>

PepsiCo India has grown exponentially to emerge as one of the largest F&B companies in India

<ul><li>India's Silicon Valley is headed to the polls today and unemployment is one of their main concerns. </li><li>It's not only the IT industry but also the small enterprises that have been hit by demonetisation and India's revamp of its tax system. </li><li>Bengaluru's transformation to an industrial hub hasn't been without its cost with the city's burgeoning environment pollution problem.</li></ul>Bengaluru, known as India’s Silicon Valley and home to two of the biggest IT companies in India — Infosys and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/wipro-phishing-attack-computer-system-hacked/articleshow/68918449.cms">Wipro</a> — goes to the polls today representing 17% of Karnataka’s population. Amid the rapid changes in technology and the United States <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/us-immigration-denial-of-h1-b-visas-raises-legal-questions/articleshow/68844794.cms">tightening</a> immigration laws, the sheen from India’s IT hub has dulled. Between 2016 and 2018, at least five million people lost their jobs in India according to a <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-jobs/five-million-lost-jobs-in-india-between-2016-and-2018-report-idINKCN1RT1I3">report</a> by the Azim Premji University reporting unemployment increase in the formal and informal sectors of the economy. India is already looking at the highest unemployment rate in 45 years according to <a href="http://v">reports</a> and its effect is not lost on Bengaluru even with the <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/here-are-jobs-hiring-rises-by-15-bangalore-tops-check-where-delhi-mumbai-stand/1487202/">highest</a> hiring rate in the country. <a href="https://www.teamleasegroup.com/resources/reports/19">According</a> to TeamLease’s Employment Outlook, Bengaluru has been categorised as an employment ‘laggard’ with its employment outlook falling two percentage points in 2018. Waning job growth after demonetisation and the implementation of the General Goods and Services Tax (GST), Bengaluru is far from the day when it saw job spurts across the board for technical and blue-collar positions — starting from state run companies like India Telephone Industries Limited (ITI), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronic Limited (BHEL), and Bhart Earth Movers Limited (BEML). 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="One must remember that a significant number of voters come from outside Karnataka. In the IT sector, at best 65% of the people are locals and 35% are from outside. So it is quite possible that they cannot go back to their places to vote, while some may have gone back to vote. So I would not worry too much about voter turnout being only 55%." auname="Indian IT industrialist and co-founder of Infosys, NR Narayana Murthy"></div>

 Changes in technology As technology gets more complex with the rapid implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), so does the <a href="https://www.nasscom.in/system/files/secure-pdf/the-future-of-me_0.PDF">gap</a> of technical and non-technical skill requirements required for the sector. So, it's not that the jobs don’t exist in Bengaluru — there’s actually an increasing demand for highly skilled technical management jobs that offer <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-pays-the-highest-salaries-in-india-study/articleshow/66743965.cms">high</a> salaries — but more, that people aren’t equipped with the correct skill sets for employment. The bigger issue boils down to the quality and content of educational institutions where the <a href="https://www.facilities.aicte-india.org/dashboard/pages/dashboardaicte.php">placement rate</a> of engineering and management schools was its highest at 30% between 2012 to 2018, according to AICTE’s online data dashboard. It’s not just Bengaluru that has jobs on its mind. It’s the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-pew-research-report-on-key-election-issues/articleshow/68572903.cms">number one</a> issue for Indian voters as they participate in the world’s largest democratic exercise according to a report by the Pew Research Center (PRC). Lingering effects of demonetisation Demonetisation has been particularly hard for the citizens in Peenya, one of the biggest industrial areas in Asia located in northwest Bengaluru — and primary depends on cash for its transactions. It’s home to more than 6,000 small businesses, employing over 800,000 people and generation ₹120 billion ($1.72 billion) in revenue, according to Peenya Industries Association. Even Bengaluru’s realty market is only just <a href="https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/realty-market-rises-from-demonetisations-ashes/articleshow/63523111.cms">starting</a> to recover from the effects of demonetisation where property <a href="https://news.housebolo.com/demonetisation-impact-bangalores-property-markets-takes-a-hit/">registrations</a> dipped from 1,800 per day to 200 per day. Startups <a href="https://inc42.com/features/indian-startup-shutdowns-2017/">came</a> under the gun as well, especially the e-commerce segment. Bigger startups like Flipkart and Zomato, both based out of Bengaluru, had to <a href="http://v">figure out</a> how to make up for the fact that 60 to 70% of their orders were cash-on-delivery transactions. Choking on industrial waste While industries in Bengaluru have thrived over the past couple of years, it has not been without its cost. The city’s Bellandur Lake and Vrishabhavathi River have been in the news for all the wrong reasons. The Bellandur Lake was seen spewing a 10-feet high wall of toxic foam that seeped on to the roads and bridges. 
	
 
 
 <div type="image" title="d7bc57be0e0a6a0fb56b45acb0836c51" msid="68930987" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The 10 feet of foam on Bellandur Lake in Bengaluru in 2016&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>









 Rashmi Mandanna, a south Indian actor, even did an underwater photoshoot at the lake to draw awareness the increasing problem of water pollution. 
	
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="iamRashmika" handlename="Rashmika Mandanna" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1048058166737608704/hcxNROBl_normal.jpg" favoritecount="12895" retweetcount="2839" status="This was a photoshoot regarding awareness for the water pollution by this wonderful team Creative Director :… https://t.co/CiRvenS0Ua" createdat="1544704656000" id="1073195228603928577"></div>









 The Peenya Industrial Belt, with more than 7,500 industries — including the Peenya, Yeshwanthpura, Rajajinagar, Jalahalli, Goraguntepalya and Dasarahalli industrial areas — has also been called into question for polluting the Vrishabhavathi River and the lakes within its catchment area. One of lakes, Nelagadaranahalli Lake, is even <a href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-bengaluru-s-peenya-industrial-area-has-choked-and-killed-its-surrounding-lakes-90116">speculated</a> to be more toxic than Bellandur Lake. The problem seems to be on the rise despite corporates facing penalties <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/pollution/ngt-makes-polluters-pay-nearly-double-so-far-this-year-than-whole-of-2018-63927">amounting</a> to ₹750 million ($10.8 million) within the first quarter of 2019 for water pollution in Karnataka from National Green Tribunal (NGT). The issue of the city’s lakes being polluted also fuels the resultant water crisis in the city. Citizens <a href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/mar/26/water-and-traffic-issues-bog-down-it-showcase-of-bengaluru-1955879.html">claim</a> that the water was crystal clear and used for drinking and agricultural activities. But despite these issues, the biggest <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/decoded-the-concerns-and-aspirations-of-the-urban-electorate-in-seven-indian-cities/articleshow/68868018.cms">challenge</a> is going to be getting voters to come out and participate in a city that has consistently recorded a low voter turnout. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP already paid the price for some of these issues by losing its opportunity to win during the Karnataka’s State Assembly Elections in 2018. But, the Janata Dal (Secular) and Congress alliance that replaced the government has been <a href="https://www.news18.com/news/politics/dissidence-in-some-lok-sabha-seats-over-jds-alliance-says-congress-2078551.html">facing dissidence</a> in certain constituencies, hampering their prospects. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-pew-research-report-on-key-election-issues/articleshow/68572903.cms">5 charts that tell you what India cares about ahead of 2019 elections</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-election-2019-second-phase-political-strategy-for-reserved-seats/articleshow/68925204.cms">Nearly a quarter of the seats in the Lok Sabha are “reserved” and they matter a lot in this election</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-second-phase-of-polling-in-tamil-nadu-voters-issues/articleshow/68930595.cms">Tamil Nadu’s angry voters have a small oil field, a big highway, a medical entrance test, and a police shootout in mind</a>

Job losses will haunt Bengaluru, India’s Silicon Valley, as it goes to polls today

Potholed roads, traffic jams and water crisis are not deterring companies and people to move to Bengaluru. 
 
World’s big brands are eyeing the IT hub due to availability of young, technologically skilled population and Bengaluru has attracted of over $1 billion investment in the past 18 months. 
 
Moreover, India's tech-based startups have either moved or expanded into Bengaluru and the trend is accelerating as the world gets redefined by new technological phenomena such as smartphones, social media, artificial intelligence, et al. 
 
Economic Times reported that Bengaluru accounted for more than a third of the over 1,000 global in-house centres (GICs) -facilities that combine technology development with back-office functions -of MNCs in India. But the spate of new announcements of GICs over the past 18 months suggests a fresh urgency. Some of the proposed investments are massive. 
 
One of the world's biggest companies, US oil and gas major Exxon Mobi, is making a $400-500 million (Rs 2,500 crore-Rs 3,150 crore) investment in Bengaluru to establish a technical and business support services centre. 
 
The financial daily reported that derivatives marketplace CME Group, which handles 3 billion contracts worth approximately $1 quadrillion (that's 1 followed by 15 zeros) annually, is said to be setting up a GIC in Bengaluru. 
 
JCPenny, the American apparel and home furnishing retailer, L Brands, makers of lingerie brand Victoria's Secret, and Lowe's, the US-based home improvement and appliance store chain, have established technology captive centres here recently. 
 
(Image: Indiatimes)

Look what’s driving investors to India’s IT hub, Bengaluru

<ul><li>There is an ongoing <keyword id="2865476" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="heatwave-in-india" source="Orion">heatwave in India</keyword>, forcing millions of Indians indoors amidst the worst March in 122 years.</li><li><keyword id="487736" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="coal-shortage" source="Orion">Coal shortage</keyword> and <keyword id="6361137" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="power-cuts" source="Orion">power cuts</keyword> across the country have also worsened things for millions across the country.</li><li>This is where <keyword id="9451062" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="wet-bulb-temperature" source="Orion">wet bulb temperature</keyword> comes in and here’s why it is important.</li></ul>There is an ongoing <keyword id="6371478" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="heatwave" source="Orion">heatwave</keyword> in India that has forced millions of people indoors, with air conditioner sales nearly doubling when compared to the previous year. This heatwave has also brought the wet bulb temperature concept into mainstream conversation. There are multiple reasons behind this – while the current heatwave is not India’s worst, yet, we endured the hottest March in 122 years. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/why-are-there-power-cuts-and-heatwave-in-india/articleshow/91177785.cms">Coal shortages</a> and a drastic <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/indias-peak-power-demand-touches-all-time-high-of-207111-mw-amid-alarming-heatwave/articleshow/91198935.cms">surge in power demand</a> have led to power cuts in several parts of the country – some as long as eight hours. In fact, there is a power cut right now as I write this story. Global warming is expected to worsen this situation with each passing year. And while the temperature and humidity levels give us a fair amount of idea about the weather outside, they do not tell us exactly how bad it can be for our bodies. This is where the wet bulb temperature is useful. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What is wet bulb temperature?" comment="subhead" text="What is wet bulb temperature?">What is wet bulb temperature?</cmsannotation> In simpler terms, wet bulb temperature tells us at what level our bodies will be unable to cool themselves down by sweating. In this case, the threat of a heat stroke rises dramatically. Wet bulb temperature combines heat and humidity to indicate how much evaporation can be absorbed into the air. It measures the lowest temperatures that our bodies can reach when we are in hotter environments, by sweating. <div type="image" title="wet-bulb" msid="91307695" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An illustrative comparison of dry and wet bulb temperatures&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Our bodies cool themselves down in hot temperatures by sweating – when the sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin, the temperature of our bodies comes down. This evaporation is easier when you are in a drier zone with lower humidity levels. For instance, 35-degree Celsius in a coastal Indian city like Chennai is a lot more unbearable than in places like Hyderabad, Indore or any other non-coastal city in the country. This is because the humidity levels are much higher in coastal areas than those far away from the seas. When the air around you is already humid, it becomes difficult for the sweat on your skin to evaporate. When the sweat does not evaporate quickly enough, your body does not cool down and you start feeling uneasy. This is exactly what wet bulb temperature measures. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Why is wet bulb temperature important?" comment="subhead" text="Why is wet bulb temperature important?">Why is wet bulb temperature important?</cmsannotation> Dry temperature – or the temperature that we see in daily weather forecasts – does not tell you the full story. Wet bulb temperature, especially in times of a heatwave, tells us how habitable a place is for the human body. A wet bulb temperature of 32-degree Celsius is usually the maximum that a human body can endure and carry out normal outdoor activities in. This is equivalent to a dry temperature of 55-degree Celsius. The theoretical maximum wet bulb temperature is 35-degree Celsius – most humans, even with unlimited water supply, are likely to suffer heat strokes at this level, likely leading to death. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How to calculate wet bulb temperature?" comment="subhead" text="How to calculate wet bulb temperature?">How to calculate wet bulb temperature?</cmsannotation> Now that you know what wet bulb temperature is, and the maximum limit that you can survive in, you might want to know how to calculate it. This <a href="https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/wet-bulb">handy calculator</a> helps you calculate the current wet bulb temperature. For this, you will need two details – the current dry temperature and relative humidity in the air, which will be available in weather forecasts. For instance, the dry temperature in Hyderabad at 10:30 a.m. today is 31-degree Celsius with 55% humidity. The current wet bulb temperature is 24-degree Celsius. In Chennai, the current temperature is 34-degree Celsius with 73% humidity, resulting in a wet bulb temperature of 29.8-degree Celsius. Notice the massive difference in the temperatures due to marginally high dry temperature, but a much higher level of humidity. Here’s a quick comparison for some other Indian cities: <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;" class="redcator-table-advance"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">City </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Dry temperature </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Humidity </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Wet bulb temperature </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Hyderabad </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">31C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">55% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">24C </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Chennai </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">34C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">73% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">29.8C </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Delhi </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">34C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">40% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">23.7C </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Mumbai </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">32C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">58% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">25.5C </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Indore </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">34C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">30% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">21.4C </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Bengaluru </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">29C </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">54% </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">22.1C </td></tr></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody></table> SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/why-are-there-power-cuts-and-heatwave-in-india/articleshow/91177785.cms">EXPLAINED: Why is there a looming power shortage in India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/indias-peak-power-demand-touches-all-time-high-of-207111-mw-amid-alarming-heatwave/articleshow/91198935.cms">India's peak power demand touches all-time high of 207,111 MW amid alarming heatwave</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/delhi-warns-centre-of-power-shortage-in-metro-and-hospitals-due-to-a-looming-coal-crisis/articleshow/91169332.cms">Delhi warns centre a power shortage may hit metro trains and hospitals due to a looming coal crisis</a>

Heatwave in India: What is wet bulb temperature, why is it important and how to measure it

<keyword id="149108" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharat-Biotech">Bharat Biotech</keyword> got an approval for its COVID-19 vaccine and along with it came a lot of flak from critics who believe that the process was rushed for no valid reason. Dr Krishna Ella, the founder and chairman of Bharat Biotech, retaliated blaming everyone from the media to rival vaccine makers, except that his arguments hold no water. The drug regulator's approval for any new drug or vaccine is based on the understanding that the drug or vaccine's benefits outweigh its risks. However, considering that he admitted that Phase-III trials are still underway, there is no final estimate of <keyword id="9485939" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="covaxin">Covaxin</keyword>’s efficacy, and without that number, the approval should not have been granted. Benefits like how effective the vaccine is in preventing disease, and risks such as high mortality rate if the vaccine is not given or vaccine side-effects, are critical data that inform the approval. This benefit-to-risk ratio changes based on the vaccine and disease being considered, but there is no escaping the need for this data. It is, therefore, strange that the vaccine candidate being explored by Bharat Biotech-ICMR, Covaxin, has<a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1685678"> received</a> permission "for restricted use in emergency situation in public interest as an abundant precaution, in clinical trial mode, specially in the context of infection by mutant strains." Bharat Biotech has<a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.20210419v1"> shared</a> findings from their Phase I/II clinical trials as a pre-print on MedRxiv. These studies indicate safety and immunogenicity (i.e., the vaccine candidate's ability to generate an immune response) in human beings. However, Bharat Biotech<a href="https://www.livemint.com/science/health/bharat-biotech-begins-phase-3-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine-covaxin-in-india-11605570981150.html"> began</a> Phase III trials demonstrating the vaccine's efficacy instead of a placebo only on November 16. By December 22 they had<a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/bharat-biotech-recruits-13-000-volunteers-for-covaxin-phase-3-trials-120122200562_1.html"> recruited</a> only 13,000 volunteers of the target 25,800 participants. The endpoints for the data collection on efficacy are Day 42 to Month 12, as per information<a href="http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=48057&amp;EncHid=&amp;userName=CTRI/2020/11/028976"> submitted</a> to CTRI. It is therefore unlikely that any robust data about the effectiveness of the vaccine is available. Reports<a href="https://theprint.in/health/bharat-biotechs-covaxin-given-conditional-nod-based-on-incomplete-phase-3-trial-results-data/578389/"> suggest</a> that approval was based on immunogenicity data for 10,000 people after they have received the first dose of the vaccine and for 10,000 people after two doses. However, none of this data is available in the public domain, nor has it been peer-reviewed by independent experts. The Subject Expert Committee (SEC) made the recommendation of approval – however, very little is known about the composition of the Committee or the process followed for this approval. It will be premature to determine that Covaxin's benefits outweigh the risks without data on its efficacy. The opaqueness of the approval process adds to the scepticism that is forming around this vaccine. On the other hand, the US Food and Drug Administration has been very transparent with their evaluation of approved vaccines. Its<a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19"> announcement</a> for the Pfizer vaccine, for example, gave details on how many people had received the vaccine and placebo, the effectiveness of the vaccine, and, most importantly, the limitations of the vaccine. It provided a plan for vaccine monitoring and demarcated the company's responsibilities in the future. The discussions of the advisory panel that recommended approval of the vaccines were also<a href="https://www.statnews.com/2020/12/17/moderna-vaccine-fda-panel/"> made</a> public. Both Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) were given based on Phase III data. In addition, both Moderna and Pfizer have published their trial data in peer-reviewed journals. China and Russia - which approved vaccines with insufficient Phase III data – have<a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/pharma/covid-19-crisis-scientists-flag-concerns-over-vaccines-from-russia-china/story/414747.html"> attracted</a> scepticism over this process. The constraints placed on the Indian economy and health crisis created by COVID-19 demand expedited approval processes; however, lack of efficacy data cannot be substituted in this fast-tracking process. So what more information do we need? Bharat Biotech and ICMR need to demonstrate the efficacy of the vaccine through published data. Phase III trials can take time, but it will be the correct and ethical way to get the vaccine approval. The government needs to be transparent on how approvals were given and what data were presented. Also, in future, government laws need to be clear on minimum standards that drugs/vaccines need to adhere to for approval. For example, FDA had mandated a minimum efficacy of 50% as a prerequisite for the EUA. It is therefore questionable how Covaxin was approved if Indian authorities followed a similar benchmark. A pandemic requires expedited decision-making, but moving the goalposts for different vaccines is not advisable. The government also needs to clarify the terminology used in their approval, primarily, the terms "restricted", "abundant precaution", and "clinical trial mode". A clinical trial requires constant follow up with participants, a special consent form explaining the risks of the vaccine, and a placebo group. It is unclear how those deemed eligible for Covaxin will be divided into these two groups or how the data will be collected and analysed. It is also unclear who will be responsible for this monitoring. The claim that the Bharat Biotech vaccine is more likely to be effective against mutant coronavirus strains is theoretical and needs to be backed by data. In this case, Bharat Biotech first needs to show efficacy against the original strain as well. In the absence of this data, investment in the vaccine may lead to no positive public health outcomes in India. It may be better to wait for the Phase III interim data and make an informed decision on including it for emergency use. The demand for vaccine efficacy data is not an attack on Bharat Biotech or its vaccine, it is simple scientific requirement that needs to be fulfilled. The impact of this opacity in regulation should go beyond Covaxin and Bharat Biotech. India is the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world. But we are behind in the technology and expertise in creating vaccines. For India to be a world leader in public health, we need to be ahead on indigenous vaccine research and manufacture. However, the scepticism generated by the ambiguity and double standards of the current approval process reduces confidence and credibility in locally made vaccines. The author, Shambhavi Naik, has a PhD in Cancer Biology and is a Fellow at Takshashila Institution, Bengaluru. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/bharat-biotech-sees-rivals-conspiracy-in-all-the-criticism-for-the-approval-for-covaxin/articleshow/80099818.cms">Bharat Biotech sees rivals’ conspiracy in all the criticism for the approval for Covaxin</a>

OPINION: No matter what Bharat Biotech says, Covaxin is just not ready for approvals

The 100 <keyword id="2474960" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="smart-cities-project">smart cities project</keyword>, part of the Smart Cities Mission, recently got further impetus when with the government shortlisted 20 cities, which will first be developed as smart cities. 
 
The smart cities project seeks to develop 100 cities that will be more citizen-friendly and sustainable, with an endeavor to push urbanization in India. The NDMC area of New Delhi among others is in the recently announced shortlist of 20. 
 
Currently, at around a population of 350 million with an estimate to touch 600 million by 2030, urbanization in India is lagging behind developed nations and BRIC nations. Most developed nations, for instance, have an urban population of over 80%. China’s urban population is 54% and Brazil’s is at a surprising 90%. 
 
India’s urban population is at around 30% and this is set to increase rapidly because of her huge youth population, migrating to cities for growth and employment opportunities. 
 
The vision for smart cities is to provide urban services that address citizens’ needs with efficient governance, thus improving the quality of life in Indian cities. It will involve infrastructure investments, efficient transport systems, waste management and water management systems, energy efficiency systems, design and architectural innovations, IT connectivity, and e-governance mechanisms, which in order to fall in place will require Public Private Partnerships. 
 
However, for the mission to be successful, a grassroot-level requirement would be to ensure safety and security of citizens. The reality is that Indian cities are not safe. 
 
Delhi has been adjudged as one of the most violent places in India, even cities like Bengaluru, which is known as the start-up hub of the country, features as a high crime region, making its citizens fear for their personal safety. 
 
Safety and security in smart cities: What it entails 
 
Safety and security is in fact an important feature of smart cities. CCTVs, vehicle tracking systems, GPS enabled transport modes are all part of the equation, but also needed is a prompt, reliable, and fool-proof safety and security assistance that can actually be present to protect the individual from real or perceived harm. 
 
Providing this service is not rocket science but it requires in today’s age of connectedness, a strong technology backed by a trustworthy and capable service. 
 
While it may be true that about half the crimes are solved by police authorities in NCR and the criminals are brought to book, it may be in some cases the crime could have been averted if the affected party had access to prompt action and someone who could help. 
 
There are private enterprises that have risen to the occasion and are attempting to fill the gap that in developed nations is provided for the most part by government. 
 
Because of the huge infiltration of smartphones, there are a lot of apps that act as an alerting mechanism to family members when one’s security and safety are under threat. 
 
These apps act as great communication mechanisms, but will need to be backed by timely action. In times of panic, though, the best of us may lose judgment of what may be the right thing to do. At such a time, having the right assistance, of someone trained, who is well versed in handling a broad range of situations, can prevent an edgy situation from further escalation. These could include a personal medical emergency or a road rage situation that’s become uncontrollable or simply having someone check on you to ensure your personal safety when using public transport in late evening hours or to deserted areas. 
 
There’s a broad range of crisis situations we face on a daily basis that make us feel vulnerable—this holds true whether one is living in smart cities or in our cities as they are today. If a personal safety and immediate assistance service is able to make a difference to even the life of one person, then getting this type of safety and security service in place for citizens would create goodwill and make urban life less stressful for citizens. 
 Start with the basics—ease of reach through an app or a help line, an embedded GPS that would help determine an affected party’s location (again something that has been amiss in several incidents reported till even recently in NCR), a command and control center that is able to guide callers until live help in the form of a trained responders team reaches, a partnership with government authorities, police, hospitals that are able to help in such situations, is a good place to start. Things companies such as <keyword id="2773238" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="One-Touch-Response">One Touch Response</keyword> have already done, in our effort to make citizens of Delhi NCR feel more secure. 
 
(The author of this article is Arvind Khanna, Founder of One Touch Response)

You Searched For "Bengaluru water crisis" and got 7 results

Nirmala Sitharaman’s budget on Friday may push for water conservation

BI India Bureau

PepsiCo India has grown exponentially to emerge as one of the largest F&B companies in India

IANS

Job losses will haunt Bengaluru, India’s Silicon Valley, as it goes to polls today

Prabhjote Gill

Look what’s driving investors to India’s IT hub, Bengaluru

BI India Bureau

Heatwave in India: What is wet bulb temperature, why is it important and how to measure it

Rounak Jain

OPINION: No matter what Bharat Biotech says, Covaxin is just not ready for approvals

Shambhavi Naik

Citizen safety and security: An essential pillar needed to transform our cities into smart cities

Guest Author