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<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <keyword id="10753818" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international-rights-advocates">International Rights Advocates</keyword>, a human rights organization, is suing seven cocoa companies.</li><li>These companies include <keyword id="75190" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nestle">Nestle</keyword>, <keyword id="76102" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cargill">Cargill</keyword>, <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>, <keyword id="6398864" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mondelez">Mondelez</keyword>, Hershey, <keyword id="287000" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Barry-Callebaut">Barry Callebaut</keyword>, and Olam.</li><li>The lawsuit was filed on behalf of eight Malian men who were trafficked and forced to harvest cocoa.</li></ul>Human rights group International Rights Advocates has filed a federal class action lawsuit against mega chocolate makers like Nestle, Mars, and Hershey alleging complicity in child trafficking and forced child labor, <a href="http://www.iradvocates.org/press-release/nestle/press-release-child-slaves-who-were-trafficked-and-forced-harvest-cocoa-cote-d">the IRAdvocates announced Friday</a>.The IRAdvocates filed the lawsuit on behalf of eight Malian men who say they were forced to harvest cocoa in the Ivory Coast after being trafficked as children. In total, the lawsuit <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/frito-lay-hershey-mars-snack-supply-chain-changed-pandemic-2020-6?r=bc-sub">named seven major cocoa companies</a>: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-nestle-is-diving-into-the-prepared-meals-business-2020-11?r=bc-sub">Nestle</a>, Cargill, Mars, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-hus-ceo-prepped-the-company-for-a-mondelez-deal-2021-1?r=bc-sub">Mondelez</a>, Hershey, Barry Callebaut, and Olam. According to the IRAdvocates, the companies "benefit by continuing to profit from selling cheap cocoa harvested by child slaves, including the eight plaintiffs who filed this case."The seven companies have had a<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/deliver-fund-xix-entrepreneur-ai-fight-sex-trafficking-2020-1?r=bc-sub"> "long history" </a>of doing so in Cote D'Ivoire, according to the IRAdvocates.In 2001, the companies signed the Harkin-Engel Protocol, which said they would cease using child labor by 2005, according to the IRAdvocates. But as time passed, the companies started giving themselves more leniency in regards to ending the use of child labor, the group says.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-wrigleys-warehouse-workers-demand-safer-conditions-2020-10?r=bc-sub">Mars Wrigley warehouse workers say they're getting yelled at for washing their hands and wiping down equipment amid an $8 billion boom for candy this Halloween</a>According to a study by<a href="https://www.norc.org/NewsEventsPublications/PressReleases/Pages/increase-in-hazardous-child-labor-in-cocoa-production-amid-an-expansion-of-cocoa-farming-in-cote-d%E2%80%99ivoire-and-ghana.aspx"> NORC at the University of Chicago</a> published in October 2020, 1.56 million children were used for cocoa production in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana for the 2018 to 2019 growing season. Of this, about 1.48 million children were put through "hazardous child labor." According to the study, this includes the use of sharp tools and agro-chemicals, carrying heavy items, and working at night or long hours. "By giving themselves this series of extensions, these companies are admitting they are using child slaves and will continue to do so until they decide it's in their interests to stop," Terry Collingsworth, IRAdvocate's executive director, <a href="http://www.iradvocates.org/press-release/nestle/press-release-child-slaves-who-were-trafficked-and-forced-harvest-cocoa-cote-d">said in a statement</a>. "Based on the objective record of 20 years of the failed Harkin-Engel Protocol, these companies will continue to profit from child slavery until they are forced to stop."The lawsuit was filed based on the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, which allows trafficking and forced labor victims to sue the companies using such tactics. <h2>How the companies have responded</h2><div type="image" title="Nestle" height="1489" width="1989" msid="80889068" hostid="261"></div>"The cocoa and chocolate industry has zero tolerance for any instances of forced labor in the supply chain," Richard Scobey, the president of the World Cocoa Foundation, said in a statement. "The government of Côte d'Ivoire has a comprehensive legal framework in place to pursue, arrest and bring to justice those who traffic children or adults.""To protect children, leading cocoa and chocolate companies, in partnership with the governments and other stakeholders, are increasing the coverage of child labor monitoring and remediation systems to 100% by 2025 in their direct supply chains in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana," Scobey's statement continued.A Nestle spokesperson told Insider in an email statement that child labor "goes against everything it stands for," and noted the company's policies against child labor use and its "dedication to ending it." "This lawsuit does not advance the shared goal of ending child labor in the cocoa industry," the Nestle spokesperson wrote. "Child labor is a complex, global problem, and tackling this issue is a shared responsibility. All stakeholders - including governments, NGOs, communities, and the broader cocoa industry - need to continue to address its root causes to have an impact."Cargill told Insider in an email statement that the company can't comment on the case but does not tolerate using child labor in cocoa production. Like Nestle, Cargill notes that the end of child labor needs to be tackled by all stakeholders."Our resolve to address this has never been stronger and we are accelerating our efforts to address the root causes of child labor," Cargill's statement read.Hershey took a similar stance in an email statement sent to Insider, and added that the end of human rights violations "requires significant investment and intervention on the ground in West Africa, not in the courts." "We have worked hard over the past several years to implement meaningful programs and work with our cocoa suppliers and West African governments to combat these issues and use our influence to make a positive impact," the company added.Hershey's statement also specifically discussed the <a href="https://cocoainitiative.org/knowledge-centre-post/3043/">Child Labor Mitigation and Remediation Systems (CLMRS), </a>which is a part of the International Cocoa Initiative. All <a href="https://cocoainitiative.org/about-ici/our-partners/industry-members/">seven of the named cocoa producers in the lawsuit</a> are a part of the ICI.According to Hershey, the CLMRS program didn't find any use of forced labor in its West Africa cocoa supply chain."Over the next few years, we expect these programs to cover 100% of our sourcing in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana," Hershey's statement read.Olam has a "zero-tolerance policy for forced or slave labor" in its supply chain, according to an Olam spokesperson's email statement sent to Insider."If we were to identify any instances, we would immediately take action which includes notifying the appropriate authorities," an Olam spokesperson told Insider in an email statement. Mars, Barry Callebaut, and Mondelez did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment. IRAdvocates also filed a lawsuit against Nestle and Cargill in 2005 on behalf of six former child slaves. This case - which is still pending - was last argued in the Supreme Court on December 1, 2020.

A lawsuit is accusing 7 chocolate makers of complicity in child labor and trafficking in the cocoa trade

Francois Lenoir/Reuters<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Swiss chocolatier Barry Callebaut says it will start rolling out 3D printed chocolate to hotels, coffee chains, and restaurants.</li><li>In a statement Friday, the company said it could produce 3D printed chocolate at scale through a newly created studio that it says is the world's first.</li><li>The company says the studio can print thousands of pieces at a time while maintaining a "bespoke, hand-made appearance." It says its service will initially be available in select European countries.</li><li>3D printed chocolate has existed for years, but it's not yet become widely available as adequate tech has failed to materialize.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>The elaborately designed chocolates you see at hotels, coffee chains, and restaurants may soon be coming from a 3D printer.<a href="https://www.barry-callebaut.com/en/group/media/news-stories/barry-callebaut-opens-worlds-first-3d-printing-studio-craft-unseen">In a statement Friday</a>, the Swiss chocolatier Barry Callebaut said it could produce 3D printed chocolate at scale through its newly created 3D printed chocolate studio, Mona Lisa, which it says is the world's first.The company said the studio was capable of printing thousands of pieces at a time with a "bespoke, hand-made appearance." It added that the service would initially be available in select European countries.The basic idea is that pastry chefs could come up with their own designs that could more easily be produced at scale with a 3D printer for use in hot drinks, pastries, candy, and other desserts.Barry Callebaut's innovation head, Pablo Perversi, described the studio as a "technological breakthrough innovation that positions the Mona Lisa brand at the forefront of the industry."Though Barry Callebaut isn't a household name, it exerts a major influence on the global chocolate business, making chocolate for brands like Nestlé, Unilever, and Hershey while its logo takes a back seat on the chocolate-bar wrappers.It's also the inventor of "<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanabandoim/2019/11/25/ruby-chocolate-is-coming-fda-issues-temporary-permit/">Ruby chocolate</a>," a pink-hued alternative to milk, white, and dark chocolate.3D printed chocolate has been around for years, but it's not yet become widely available as adequate tech for mass production has failed to materialize.Cocoa itself has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cocoa-europe-premiums/quality-cocoa-shortage-sends-european-premiums-to-near-10-year-high-idUSKCN1TT0SM">become more expensive in recent years, at least in Europe</a>. In global terms, though, the industry's outlook is brighter. <a href="https://www.technavio.com/report/global-chocolate-confectionery-market-industry-analysis">The London-based market-research firm Technavio estimates</a> the global chocolate confectionery market size will grow by $19.97 billion from 2019 to 2023, driven by innovative approaches to attracting new customers from the major chocolate manufacturers. <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-foldable-flip-phone-galaxy-z-2020-2">Watch Samsung unveil its foldable flip phone - the Galaxy Z</a></h3>

A large Swiss chocolatier that works with Hershey and Nestle says it's rolling out 3D printed chocolate to the masses

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/bbcworldservice/2848947364/in/photolist-bsK1kk-bsK1HF-bmgQMn-HJPjn-5Z6uvQ-nx38W-dqSEEJ-3zDKwr-ofWqaZ-63CCVV-6oSQHE-5tvPbe-bfnknx-5kKAN9-3ajXjw-uqHxN-3ajXVu-bzEjae-3ajXzm-7bjNxN-o3XKTQ-fmiT3G">BBC World Service</a>Sustainability loans are luring firms from some of the murkiest industries</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Commodity companies in cocoa, coffee, soy, and even oil have jumped into sustainability linked loans.</li><li>Companies can reduce the interest rate on their debt if they meet green criteria, and will be punished financially if they don't.</li><li>Sustainable finance has become more and more commonplace in the commodities industry.</li></ul>Companies across some of the world's murkiest industries have taken steps to save money, (and bonus: improve their less-than-squeaky clean images) by taking on "sustainability loans." A slew of commodities producers, users, and traders have joined the trend in the past 12 months across areas including the notoriously dirty palm oil industry. Take Switzerland chocolate company Barry Callebaut, one of the world's largest cocoa producers. Last year the company, stung by an <a href="http://www.mightyearth.org/chocolatesdarksecret/">accusation </a>of illegally purchasing cocao from protected parks in the Ivory Coast, linked one of its credit facilities (a form of loan) to sustainability rankings.That means the interest rate on its loan can go lower if it performs well on sustainability criteria, which is determined by an independent ratings company called Sustainalytics. Callebaut's deal, previously unheard of, was the first of many. (Callebaut did not immediately reply to a request for comment on the cocoa purchases.)"Market uptake has been high," said Leonie Schreve, head of sustainable finance at ING. "Companies are realising that this is part of their transition towards a future economy aligned with the <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/ap-us-backers-of-paris-accord-set-up-camp-at-climate-talks-2018-12">Paris Accords</a>."Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ap-un-curbing-climate-change-would-reap-huge-health-benefits-2018-12?r=UK&amp;IR=T">The UN says curbing climate change would reap huge health benefits</a>Research by firms such as Nielsen has suggested that millennials, in particular, are more willing to spend larger amounts of money to buy products that are <a href="https://www.nielsen.com/uk/en/insights/news/2015/green-generation-millennials-say-sustainability-is-a-shopping-priority.html">sustainable.</a> Companies are taking note, with sustainable financing now regularly mentioned by banks, investors, and major businesses.Major palm oil producer and trader Wilmar signed up to a similar loan last year - the first of its kind in the palm oil sector - an industry that has repeatedly drawn criticism from environmental groups.Singaporean commodity trader Olam took similar steps this year with a $500 million bank loan linked to a range of environmental, social and governance (ESG) metrics. Importantly, if the company performs well against the metrics the cost of its debt will decrease, saving money while winning brownie points from environmentalists.Some players in the oil industry - the climate's biggest boogeyman - are even in on the act. Switzerland-based oil trader Gunvor, announced a sustainability linked bank loan, and will be punished financially if it fails to meet the targets set out in its loan agreement. It also said any savings from meeting those targets will go towards its recently launched Gunvor Foundation which works with aid groups in Africa."We reward companies which choose to use innovative sustainable investments," said Esther Berkelaar, head of trade and commodity finance, agriculture at Rabobank. "On the other hand, banks will increasingly require a higher interest rate from companies which are significantly falling behind on sustainability performance, because the bank runs a higher credit risk." Another commodity trader, ECOM, also took the step of linking its financing to its social sustainability objectives in 2018.The companies are motivated to clean up their act, but perhaps the bigger incentive in a world of cut-throat competition and thin trading margins. To be sure, it's an uphill battle. The commodities industry has struggled with reputational hits and an array of scandals ranging from modern slavery, child labor, and bribery."We have clear restrictions on what we don't do," said ING's Schreve, declining to elaborate. "But more importantly, we seek opportunities to support our clients in financing their sustainable transition." <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gary-shilling-legendary-economist-trade-war-outlook-says-us-will-win-2018-10">The legendary economist who predicted the housing crisis says the US will win the trade war</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

Bad, unethical companies take note. You're going to soon cough up more for debt

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>The world's <a href="https://www.thisisinsider.com/category/chocolate">chocolate</a> supply is being threatened by disease and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/climate-change">climate change</a>. </li><li>By 2050, the cacao seeds used to make chocolate could be extinct.</li><li>A coalition of 1,600 farmers recently released a line of chocolate bars that promote GMOs as a way to produce more chocolate - and keep the world's supply from running out. </li></ul>The world's chocolate supply is dwindling. As our global sweet tooth begins to outpace cocoa production, major chocolate companies like Mars Inc. and Barry Callebaut expect to see <a href="https://www.fooddive.com/news/dwindling-crops-dry-winds-consumers-devouring-chocolate-industry/390935/">an industry deficit</a> of 4.4 billion pounds of chocolate by 2030. And by 2050, the cacao seeds used to make <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-chocolate-extinct-2017-12">chocolate could be extinct</a>. As farmers struggle to keep up with demand, Bloomberg reports that the <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-16/cocoa-goes-crazy-as-it-s-time-to-be-a-raging-long-term-bull">price of chocolate</a> has continued to rise, making popular items like <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/25/business/hershey-chocolate-price-increase/index.html">Hershey bars</a> more expensive. Companies that want to keep costs low have had to sacrifice the flavor of their products. In 2014, Bloomberg's Mark Schatzker predicted that chocolate could follow the path of food items like chicken and strawberries, which have <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-11-14/to-save-chocolate-scientists-develop-new-breeds-of-cacao">lost some of their flavor</a> in the quest to satisfy demand. According to Schatzker, chocolate could soon become "as tasteless as today's <a href="https://www.livescience.com/57647-why-store-tomatoes-are-tasteless.html">store-bought tomatoes</a>."To prevent that from happening, the nonprofit coalition of farmers called A Fresh Look released a line of chocolate bars that promote the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>While the bars, known as <a href="https://ethos-chocolate.com/">Ethos Chocolate</a>, don't contain genetically modified cacao - an ingredient that's still being developed and tested - they do contain sugar that's derived from GMO beets.According to A Fresh Look's lead scientist, Rebecca Larson, it's the first time a farmer's group has come together to espouse GMO technology, which has been criticized by environmentalists. <h2>Genetic engineering could protect chocolate from climate change and disease </h2>Around 70% of the world's cocoa beans hail from West Africa, with Ghana and Ivory Coast serving as the <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/263855/cocoa-bean-production-worldwide-by-region/">two largest producers</a>. As <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hothouse-earth-climate-change-tipping-point-2018-8">global temperatures continue to rise</a>, these nations have seen increasingly dry weather, which can prevent cacao trees from growing. Cacao trees are also particularly vulnerable to disease. The International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) reported that <a href="https://www.icco.org/about-cocoa/pest-a-diseases.html">diseases and pests</a> have resulted in the loss of 30% to 40% of global cocoa production. The report also noted that cocoa species are susceptible to a disease called frosty pod, which has led to entire cocoa farms being abandoned in Latin America.In West Africa, swollen shoot virus and black pod have also <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-race-to-save-chocolate/">overtaken cacao trees</a>, resulting in huge financial losses. These diseases are made worse by weather conditions such as floods, droughts, and windstorms.In addition to placing a strain on chocolate manufacturing companies, the loss of cacao trees can impair the livelihoods of <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Roughly+50+million+livelihoods+depend+on+the+long+production+road+the+cacao+seeds+travel+from+farm+to+candy+on+store+shelves.&amp;oq=Roughly+50+million+livelihoods+depend+on+the+long+production+road+the+cacao+seeds+travel+from+farm+to+candy+on+store+shelves.&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57.374j0j9&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8">tens of millions of people</a> who depend on them economically. But genetic modification has the potential to lessen these effects by making crops drought tolerant or insect resistant. Studies have shown that GMO crops can improve crop yield, boost farmers' profits, and even <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111629">reduce the use of pesticides</a>.<h2>GMOs aren't as scary as they're made out to be</h2>While GMOs could be instrumental in saving the world's chocolate supply, they've often been painted as a risk to human health. Environmental groups contend that GMO crops are more resistant to herbicides, which <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/study-monsanto-chemical-cheerios-quaker-oats-2018-10">may or may not be carcinogenic</a>.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/crops-that-wouldnt-exist-without-gmos-2016-4">It's almost impossible to avoid GMOs in these 7 everyday items</a>The 1,600 farmers that make up A Fresh Look have resisted this argument, saying that GMOs are not only safe to consume, but also require less water and improve our nutrition.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>"There's this idea [among consumers] that everything is as mother nature intended, or it was manufactured in a laboratory," Larson told Business Insider. "[We're] helping people understand that GMOs aren't a scary ingredient in their food, but rather a farming technique."These findings are supported by numerous scientific organizations. In the last two decades, institutions like the <a href="https://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309092094" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AAAS_GM_statement.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, and the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">European Commission</a> have all publicly stated that GMOs don't present harm to human health.<h2>Consumers might be changing their minds about GMO products </h2>While plenty of chocolate contains ingredients derived from GMOs like corn syrup and soy lecithin, researchers have been slow to develop a genetically modified version of cacao.Many chocolate companies still <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/people-and-culture/food/the-plate/2015/03/18/can-gmos-save-chocolate/">cater to consumer preferences</a> for non-GMO items. Ghirardelli, for instance, has <a href="https://www.ghirardelli.com/non-gmo-information">publicly stated its mission</a> to make all recipes GMO-free. One notable exception is Mars, the company behind M&amp;M's and Snickers, which has teamed up with the University of California Berkeley to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-chocolate-extinct-2017-12">develop cacao plants</a> that don't wilt or rot. To achieve this, the research team turned to CRISPR, a gene-editing technology that makes small changes to an organism's DNA. But it could be some time before GMO cacao makes its way onto shelves. "It all depends on legislative acceptance in different countries where the cacao is being produced," said Larson. Some of the nations where <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/top-10-countries-that-eat-the-most-chocolate">people buy the most chocolate</a>, such as Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, have <a href="https://gmo.geneticliteracyproject.org/FAQ/where-are-gmos-grown-and-banned/">restricted their cultivation</a> of GMO crops. When it comes to consumers, Larson said her team's pro-GMO stance is already starting to catch on: "We've gotten overwhelming feedback from all kinds of industry groups and consumers saying, 'Hey, it's about time.'"

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A lawsuit is accusing 7 chocolate makers of complicity in child labor and trafficking in the cocoa trade

Brittany Chang

A large Swiss chocolatier that works with Hershey and Nestle says it's rolling out 3D printed chocolate to the masses

Charlie Wood

Bad, unethical companies take note. You're going to soon cough up more for debt

Callum Burroughs

Chocolate could be extinct by 2050, but some companies think genetic engineering could save their supply

Aria Bendix

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