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<ul><li>High alert prevails in the Kashmir valley as India scrapped special status of Kashmir by revoking <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword> and Article 35A of constitution. </li><li>The upper house of the Parliament has passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill 2019. </li><li>“You violated all rules and converted a state into a Union Territory overnight,” said Congress’ Adhir Ranjan in the Lok Sabha session. </li><li>The government is considering deploying nearly 400 more security forces in the valley. </li></ul>The government is moving quick and fast to maintain law order in Jammu &amp; Kashmir, a day after it repealed Article 370 and Article 35A of constitution which had given it special status. As the state has been divided into two union territories, the central government gets a stronger hold on its governance. And, it is making sure it does. A high alert is still underway in the sensitive Kashmir valley. Added to that, the security forces are preparing for possible cross-border terror, ET <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/400-more-companies-of-troops-may-enter-valley/articleshow/70545624.cms">reported</a>. The government could also expand the 38,000 strong troops it had already deployed in the area, prior to the announcement. It is considering deploying nearly 400 more security forces in case of an incident in reaction to the government decision. From house arrest to arrest It has also taken precautions to control the massive protests against the change. Two former chief ministers of the state — Omar Abdullah and <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mehbooba-mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword> — were arrested late night on Monday. The government had placed them on house arrest a day before the announcement, as they had expected trouble. Both Abdullah and Mufti have been speaking against the government move calling it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/omar-abdullah-mehbooba-mufti-reaction-to-the-scrapping-of-article-370-in-jammu-kashmir/articleshow/70532924.cms">dangerous and catastrophic</a>. Top politicians like Imran Ansari and Sajjad Lone of People’s Conference have also been arrested, according to media reports. ‘Zero Violence’ The Jammu and Kashmir Police DGP Dilbag Singh<a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jammu-and-kashmir-ladakh-bifurcation-article-370-live-updates-amit-shah-governor-security-situation-1577655-2019-08-06"> however assure</a>d that there is "zero violence in Kashmir Valley”. “And, any report of violence is incorrect. South, north and central Kashmir is completely peaceful," he told India Today. The government also directed all the state governments and police departments to implement law to ensure safety of <keyword id="54151" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmiris">Kashmiris</keyword>. Haryana police too stepped up efforts to ensure the safety of its Kashmiri residents. Congress’ Adhir Ranjan has been seeking clarification on the move quoting that the matter is “still pending in the United Nations.” “I don't think you are thinking about PoK, you violated all rules and converted a state into a Union Territory overnight,” he added during the Lok Sabha session. The changes Yesterday, the upper house of the Parliament passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill 2019. With this, the government has rewritten the history of India and the move has bifurcated the ‘state’ into two union territories — Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The move will also enable residents from other states of India to buy property in the land of Kashmir. It will also benefit the women in the region, which will not take away Indian citizenship from them, if they choose to get married in another state or country. From now on, Jammu and Kashmir will not host a separate flag and the government has asked the panchayats in the state to host the tricolour flag this independence day. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pakistan-says-it-will-exercise-all-options-against-delhi-over-scrapping-article-370/articleshow/70535367.cms">Pakistan 'will exercise all options' against Delhi taking over J&amp;K</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-entire-delhi-metro-on-red-alert-after-the-government-strikes-down-article-370-and-35a/articleshow/70533300.cms">Delhi Metro put on 'red alert' citing security threat after India abolished Kashmir's right to make its own laws</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-parliament-debate-on-kashmir-latest-news/articleshow/70530170.cms">India’s opposition wants Narendra Modi to reveal his Kashmir plan in Parliament</a>

The situation in Kashmir is more tense after India scrapped 'special' status — forces are on high alert fearing violence

<ul><li><keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> has registered an objection against the yet to be launched bus service between <keyword id="3001" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pakistan">Pakistan</keyword> and <keyword id="1334" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>. </li><li>India’s concern over the route is because it passes through Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir raising questions of security in lieu of its strained relations with both nations. </li><li>The Ministry of External Affairs has raised questions over the legality of ‘Boundary Agreement’ of 1963, which India never acknowledged. </li><li>Both China and Pakistan are hoping to boost their ‘friendship’ with the bus service. </li></ul>Raising security concerns over the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/china-and-pakistan-deepen-their-friendship-with-a-new-bus-service-connecting-both-countries/articleshow/66431797.cms">deepening ‘friendship’</a> China and Pakistan has forced<a href="https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/pakistan-china-bus-service-india-lodges-protest-lahore-kashgar-bus-service-pok-pakistan-occupied-kashmir-raveesh-kumar-china-pakistan-economic/307625"> India to protest against the proposed bus service</a>. The point of contention being that the route of the bus passes through Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir connecting Lahore in Pakistan to Kashgar in China. The transportation service -- which is all set to start from 3rd November under the flagship ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’ (CPEC) is suppose to strengthen Sino-Pakistan relation in turn spreading fears of national security in India. The Ministry of External Affairs has raised questions on the validity and legality of ‘China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement’. They’re stating that no notification was sent their way to inform them about any such bus service by either of the two neighbouring countries. As per the ministry, any bus service connecting Pakistan and China through <keyword id="357630" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Azad-Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</keyword> (Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir)<a href="http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=354767"> ‘will violate India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity’</a>. Apparently, Pakistan and China do not share an international boundary. On paper, the Boundary Agreement is a document from 1963 which established a ‘so-called’ boundary relations between China and Pakistan. But since India also claims territorial rights on parts of the region, it refuses to acknowledge any such agreement between the two. India earlier refused to be a part of ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) project owing to the strained relation it has with China and Pakistan. Apart from all the tensions India has with the route of bus-service, Pakistan’s engagement with China on the CPEC project has faced more controversy in light <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pakistans-bailout-from-the-imf-hinges-on-an-examination-of-its-chinese-debt/articleshow/66213581.cms">Imran Khan taking the helm</a> in Pakistan. As of now, the project has only<a href="https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2018/10/25/under-the-guise-of-friendship-china-is-looting-pakistan/"> widened trade deficit and debts in the country</a> since China did not avail any industrial technology to support Pakistan with the project.

India’s foreign ministry thinks that the Pakistan-China bus route ‘will violate India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity’

District-wise population of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh - All you need to know

<ul><li>A new initiative under the flagship of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) includes the launch of a new bus service between the two countries.</li><li>The bus service, likely to begin on November 03, 2018, is aimed at boosting the relationship between <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> and China.</li><li>It will start from <keyword id="6580" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lahore">Lahore</keyword> in Pakistan and terminate at <keyword id="188439" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashgar">Kashgar</keyword> in China.</li></ul> Amid increasing tensions in the <keyword id="329872" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sino-India">Sino-India</keyword> relationship, China and Pakistan are all set to begin a <a href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/387137-china-pakistan-bus-service-to-be-launched-next-week">bus service between the two countries</a> going from Lahore to Kashgar. While the bus service is an attempt at increasing ‘friendship’ between the two nations, the issue lies in the fact that the bus route passes through Azad Kashmir (Pakistan occupied Kashmir). That particular region has been a bone of contention between India and Pakistan for years now. In fact, the disagreement has made its way into one too many international conferences. It’s suspected to be one of the primary reasons that India has declined to be a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) citing to ‘security concerns’. Here’s an insight into the new Sino-Pak transport service: A Private stakeholder to govern the Pakistan-China bus service The bus will take 30 hours to cover the distance nearly 900kms between Lahore in Pakistan to Kashgar in China. North-South Transport Network will be in charge of all the operations and functions related to the Pakistan-China bus service. They’ve indicated that the transport services are likely to commence from 3rd November 2018. Boosting ties between Pakistan and China The bus service is launched under the flagship “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor” or CPEC project and aims to boost the friendly relations between the two countries. The two countries already have a road link which is primarily used for trade. The bilateral relationship between India’s two neighbouring countries will also inch closer after Imran Khan’s visit to Beijing on November 2. The trip will be available four days a week. The bus will run from Saturday to Tuesday in a week from Pakistan to China, whereas people coming from China to Pakistan can avail the services from Tuesday to Friday, according to a <a href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/387137-china-pakistan-bus-service-to-be-launched-next-week">newspaper</a> from Pakistan. The ticket fare of the bus for one time trip from Pakistan to China will be ₹13,000 whereas it will cost ₹23,000 for the same journey beginning from China and ending in Pakistan.

China and Pakistan deepen their ‘friendship’ with a new bus service connecting both countries

<ul><li>India’s apex space agency announced on January 17 that it will be launching a border surveillance satellite.</li><li>The announcement comes six months after China and Pakistan launched the a satellite that will be able to monitor the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The CPEC runs through disputed land that both, India and Pakistan, claim belongs to them. </li><li>India’s satellite will be able to send high-resolution imagery from its borders to help the border guarding forces communicate more efficiently.</li></ul>India’s discomfort of the friendship brewing between Pakistan and China was evident as it announced plans to launch border surveillance satellites. The <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>’s (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) announcement to launch a satellite that will pick up high-resolution imagery of its neighboring borders comes just six months after Pakistan launched its own remote sensing satellite. The Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (PRSS-1), which was bought from China, will be able to monitor the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) — a part of which runs through Gilgit-Baltistan in Azad Kashmir or Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir (PoK). And, PoK is <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-expresses-strong-opposition-to-china-pakistan-economic-corridor-says-challenges-indian-sovereignty/articleshow/57664537.cms">disputed</a> land. India claims that its been under Pakistan’s illegitimate control since 1947. While the <keyword id="397800" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-satellite">Indian satellite</keyword> will be launched ‘exclusively’ for country’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), meaning only the ministry will have access to its data. However, its implementation will be a coordinated effort between ISRO and India’s Ministry of Defence. The border security satellites aren’t only to fend against Pakistan, but China as well, with Aksai Chin — disputed territory between India and China — also lying along the country’s northern border. The images from the satellite will help the Border Guarding Forces (BGF) communicate more efficiently and give them a clearer picture of on-ground activity through high-resolution imagery. The task force report on ‘Space Technology in Border Management’ was approved by the Union Home Minister, Rajnath Singh, on January 17. It highlights the short-term, mid-term and long-term plans for how India’s satellite technology will be implemented. ‘Space Technology in Border Management’ In the short run, the aim is to help the Border Guarding Forces (BGF). But, as things progress, the aim is to use the images to help the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) as well. Essentially, the government wants to create a ‘Central Archival Facility’ that will allow the Home Ministry to share images resources will other agencies as well. It will also link into the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) to provide navigation facilities. Once all of this is set up in the long run, it’s not only the difficult border areas that will be monitored but Naxal areas as well — also known as India’s ‘Red Corridor’ where there is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups and the Indian government. In terms of space technology, India is bounds ahead of Pakistan having launched 104 satellites. But China has reportedly launched 250 satellites and most recently, successfully landed on the far-side of the moon.

India responds to China-Pakistan satellite launch with its own border surveillance satellites

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Drew Angerer/Getty ImagesFacebook must become more transparent about how its ad categories are generated, experts say, and how people are grouped into them.</div></div></div><ul><li>Facebook's ad-targeting engine allows marketers to target people by a number of political triggers.</li><li>They could be used by governments, political parties, or others looking to sway opinions or stir up divisions.</li><li>Moving forward, experts say, Facebook must become more transparent about how its ad categories are generated and how people are grouped into them. </li></ul> Ever since Facebook acknowledged that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-says-fake-accounts-linked-to-russia-bought-ads-during-us-election-2017-9">Russian operatives meddled</a> in last year's presidential election by targeting ads to narrow interest groups based on divisive issues like race and immigration, the social network has promised to build in safeguards to ensure that postings on sensitive issues receive human scrutiny. The safeguards are meant to help screen out ads making use of overtly hateful categories like "<a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/facebook-enabled-advertisers-to-reach-jew-haters">Jew Haters</a>," which was tested by ProPublica as a real filter for a hypothetical advertiser that made it past computer screening. A scan for other, albeit less inflammatory filters, shows that the social network still has its work cut out for it - around the world. Consider: As of Monday, a prospective advertiser could type the keywords "Azad Kashmir" or "Free Kashmir" in the "Detailed Targeting" section of Facebook's ad targeting system and deliver ads to a potential audience of over 3.2 million people between the ages of 18 and 65-plus, respectively, across India and Pakistan, according to a test by Business Insider. Kashmir the hotly disputed territory between the two countries. Similarly, ads targeting the words "Free Palestine" revealed the potential to reach over 1.8 million users in 21 different Arab countries, barring Syria, and Assemblea Nacional Catalana (of the Catalan National Assembly, which is leading the movement for Catalonia to secede from Spain) could reach 220,000 people.<h2>A structural, fundamentally global problem</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Facebook" title_caption="A screenshot shows " detailed="" targeting="" for="" Kashmir.="" class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59e7b650ddd0631c1e8b4d90-960/screen shot 2017-10-18 at 41330 pm.png"></a>FacebookA screenshot shows "detailed targeting" for Kashmir.</div></div></div>These ad categories, called interest segments, are by themselves simply identifiers of people interested in certain topics, such as Palestinian statehood or the India-Pakistan conflict. But all three of these issues have also led to or inspired civil strife, violence, terrorism or warfare, and the issue Facebook has to contend with is that the targeting mechanisms can be misused to stir up divisions or promote disharmony. As <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-ad-targeting-means-voters-can-be-swayed-at-low-cost-2017-10">in the case of Russian interference</a> in US elections, it doesn't take much for small amounts to go a long way as far as reach and engagement on the platform are concerned."This is not a one-off problem directly linked only to one political campaign," said Taylor Owen, assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the University of British Columbia and a senior fellow at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. "Facebook has a structural problem and, fundamentally, a global problem."Facebook is working on <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-sheryl-sandberg-introduces-manual-reviews-of-ad-targeting-after-propublica-article-reveals-anti-semitic-categories-2017-9">checks and balances aimed at addressing</a> overtly problematic interest segments. But the social networking giant still contains a large swath of ad targeting options, including the above, that lie in the gray zone and can be misused if backed by the wrong intentions.<h2>Violence in Kashmir</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Facebook" title_caption="A screenshot shows targeting for the Assemblea Nacional Catalana." class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59e8b141ddd0631c008b5639-960/screen shot 2017-10-18 at 23939 pm.png"></a>FacebookA screenshot shows targeting for the Assemblea Nacional Catalana.</div></div></div>Take Kashmir, for example. The region of Jammu and Kashmir has been a thorny issue between the two countries since they gained independence from Great Britain in 1947.Over the past seven decades, the two sides have fought three full-blown wars and one smaller war over the region, which is half administered by India and half by Pakistan.<a href="https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21725099-three-score-and-ten-years-after-their-acrimonious-split-india-and-pakistan-remain">In the 1990s, Pakistan backed a guerrilla insurgency in Indian Kashmir</a>, with both countries alleging that state-sponsored groups continue to cause unrest in their respective parts till this day.In short, it is a highly charged and hot-button geopolitical issue. And it's entirely possible that extremist elements could advantage of Facebook's tools to attempt to spread propaganda and aggravate the situation."Nefarious elements, if they wanted, could presumably veer into the Russian-style of fake news spreading and ad targeting, using even more subtle issues and topics to influence the other side," said Shailesh Kumar, a senior analyst at Eurasia, who analyzes political and economic risks and developments in South Asia.Kumar also analyzed some of the pages associated with the issue, including many pages linked to Azad Kashmir (Independent Kashmir) - the name used by Pakistan for the part of Kashmir it administers. According to him, many of these are replete with images of extremists wielding weapons or photos of people allegedly killed by Indian authorities, which are "definitely divisive and driven by a clear agenda.""This is far more than just a US problem," Sara M. Watson, a technology critic and an affiliate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, told Business Insider in an interview. "The combination of personalization and microtargeting on Facebook can make for several morally ambiguous categories which can be used as proxies for more sensitive issues."<h2>How interest segments are created and regulated</h2>According to a Facebook representative, such politically sensitive interest segments don't violate the company's standards and that targeting could be done legitimately. For instance, Azad Kashmir could be used as an interest segment by an advocacy or issues-based group or a news outlet looking to promote a documentary film on the topic.And Facebook added that it had put several safeguards in place to ensure that they weren't being misused. When it <a href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/10/hard-questions-russian-ads-delivered-to-congress/">announced its handover of the Russian ads</a>, the company said it would automatically send certain types of campaigns through an additional human review-and-approval process, if they included social, political, or religious interests. According to the company representative, the interest-segments part of this story were "likely a part of" that list.The company also explained how the "detailed targeting" section is created, saying that the categories in the section comprise interest segments, which the company creates, and 5,000 self-reported interests, which have been reviewed after the ProPublica investigation.As for the audience that is pulled in for the interest segments, as <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/technology/facebook-ads.html">The New York Times reported</a>, users sort themselves into categories by liking and visiting pages on Facebook, and a variety of other activities they engage in on the network.If, for example, Facebook creates an interest segment around Mediterranean food, people who engage with Facebook pages related to the topic are likely to be included in the target audience associated with the segment. Advertisers, such as cookbook publishers in this case, can push their messages to those users.<h2>Exploitative microtargeting</h2>But the system is far from perfect. After Russian troll farms placed ads on polarizing topics like race and immigration, Facebook said it would block ads that included overtly racist content or directed users to a webpage promoting racist ideas. Despite oversight, and the checks and measures outlined above, Facebook continues to falter.This week, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-18/facebook-and-google-helped-anti-refugee-campaign-in-swing-states">a Bloomberg investigation</a> revealed the company worked with the conservative nonprofit group Secure America Now to showcase ads that contained anti-Islam rhetoric. This was not just evidently hateful, but also can't be explained away as an algorithm glitch.<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-google-secure-america-now-ads-2017-10">As Business Insider's Steve Kovach wrote</a>, the issue goes beyond the question of whether or not <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-political-ads-should-be-regulated-online-2017-9">political ads need to be regulated on tech platforms</a>. Tech companies, including both Facebook and Google, need to be more transparent about political <keyword id="35666" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="advertising">advertising</keyword> on their platforms.Transparency is the problem, said Watson.Detailing her concerns in an <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/10/12/russias-facebook-ads-show-how-internet-microtargeting-can-be-weaponized/?utm_term=.4fa0fb8c9e54">op-ed for The Washington Post</a>, Watson argues that Facebook allows for exploitative microtargeting. Facebook's personalization and categorization are largely based on inferring your likes, dislikes, and inclinations based on an algorithm, which it doesn't outline in any detail.This is problematic, she wrote, as people have no idea what inputs actually go into their personalized feeds or determine the categories they become a part of."The big question is, why are some of these morally ambiguous categories allowed to exist?" she told Business Insider. "Why can they be monetized at all? They are clearly there because there is some potential financial gain."Facebook cannot keep ducking for cover and blame everything on algorithms. And that's because it has no choice, said Owen."Facebook does not want to regulate and determine what is acceptable beyond the most extreme cases because it is not in their commercial interest," he said. "And the governments, who have traditionally had regulation in their domain, don't have the tools to do so."Because of this huge disconnect, it is an unprecedented and complex global issue." <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/i-tried-tom-brady-diet-and-workout-plan-nfl-new-england-patriots-fitness-2017-10">I went on the Tom Brady diet and workout plan and it changed my life - here's what it was like</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

You Searched For "Azad Kashmir" and got 6 results

The situation in Kashmir is more tense after India scrapped 'special' status — forces are on high alert fearing violence

Prerna Sindwani

India’s foreign ministry thinks that the Pakistan-China bus route ‘will violate India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity’

BI India Bureau

District-wise population of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh - All you need to know

BI India Bureau

China and Pakistan deepen their ‘friendship’ with a new bus service connecting both countries

BI India Bureau

India responds to China-Pakistan satellite launch with its own border surveillance satellites

Prabhjote Gill

Facebook's targeting lets advertisers push political hot buttons all over the world

Tanya Dua

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