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India successfully test-fired nuclear-capable, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=agni+missile">Agni</a>-I ballistic missile from a test range off Odisha coast. 
 
The indigenously built, intermediate range missile is capable of hitting a targ700 kms away and was a part of a user trial by the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=army">Army</a>. 
 
The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=surface+to+surface+missiles">surface-to-surface</a>, single-stage missile, powered by solid propellants, was test-fired from a mobile launcher at 9.15 AM from launch pad-4 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island), a defence official said. 
 
The sophisticated missile covered 700 km distance within 9 minutes and 36 seconds, they said. 
 
"The launch was undertaken as a part of periodic training activity by SFC to further consolidate operational readiness," the official said. 
 
Agni-I missile is equipped with sophisticated <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=navigation+system">navigation system</a> which ensures it reaches the target with a high degree of accuracy and precision. 
The missile, which has already been inducted into armed forces, has proved its excellent performance in terms of range, accuracy and lethality, the sources said. 
 
(Image: Indiatimes)

India successfully test-fires indigenously built, nuclear-capable Agni-I ballistic missile

<ul><li>The missile was launched from a canister integrate mobile system. </li><li>It successfully completed all the intended objectives. </li><li>The new missile features many indigenously developed technologies.</li></ul>On Sunday, the <keyword id="152819" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Defence-Research-and-Development-Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6355142" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="DRDO">DRDO</keyword>) successfully test fired its <keyword id="491836" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Intercontinental-Ballistic-Missile">Intercontinental Ballistic Missile</keyword> (ICBM) <keyword id="6472480" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="agni">Agni</keyword>-5. The ICBM, which was launched off the Odisha coast is the fifth edition of the Agni series. It was test fired at 0945 hrs from the Dr <keyword id="6402687" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="APJ-Abdul-Kalam">APJ Abdul Kalam</keyword> Island and the test was successfully completed, proving its reliability. The missile was tracked throughout its whole trajectory and all the objectives were achieved, says a report in <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-successfully-test-fires-nuclear-capable-agni-5/article24071775.ece">The Hindu</a>. The missile costs around $8 million and can carry nuclear warheads weighing upto 1.5 tonnes to distances over 5000 km. If the payload is reduced, it can even reach distances of upto 8000 km. It is an advancement to the Agni-III and was first test fired in 2012. Since then, it has been tested five more times with the latest launches being conducted from road-mobile launching vehicles. The Agni-5 features new technologies, like the high accuracy Ring Laser Gyro based <keyword id="1666576" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Inertial-Navigation-System">Inertial Navigation System</keyword> (RINS) and a Micro Navigation System (MINS), which were both developed indigenously. It's expected to be more accurate because of these advancements. Image Source: <a href="http://idrw.org/india-successfully-test-fires-nuclear-capable-agni-5/">Indian Defence Research Wing</a>

India just tested a ballistic missile capable of carrying 1.5 tonne nuclear warheads

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/B MathurA surface-to-surface Agni V missile during the Republic Day parade in New Delhi, January 26, 2013.</div></div></div><ul><li>India successfully tested an intercontinental ballistic missile on Thursday, giving it strike capabilities currently had by only a few countries.</li><li>The test comes amid a heightened period of tensions with India's nuclear-armed neighbors, Pakistan and China.</li><li>India has been beefing up its military capacities in recent years, buying hardware and developing missiles.</li></ul> India successful tested the Agni 5 missile on Thursday, moving it closer to joining the small group of countries with access to nuclear-capable intercontinental missiles.This is India's first successful test of the Agni 5 at its full range, the Indian Ministry of <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defense">Defense</keyword> said in a <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/pmreleases.aspx?mincode=33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">release</a>. The test also marks a significant step in India's military development amid tensions with China and Pakistan.The <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agni-5-nuclear-capable-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-1801610">missile test was conducted</a> on an island off India's east coast, flying for 19 minutes and covering more than 3,000 miles. It was the fifth such test and the third consecutive one firing the missile from a canister on a road-mobile launcher, the Indian Ministry of Defense said. All five tests have been successful.The ministry said "all objectives" of the latest test were met and it "reaffirms the country's indigenous missile capabilities and further strengthens our credible deterrence."The Agni 5 is the most advanced in the Agni series, part of a program that began in the 1980s. It has a range of more than 3,100 miles and puts India <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/world/asia/india-ballistic-missile-icbm.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">among countries</a> like the US, China, and Russia that have access to intercontinental ballistic missiles. The missile is also set for incorporation into India's Strategic Forces Command, which oversees the country's nuclear-weapons stockpile.The three-stage missile is 55 feet long and is capable of carrying a payload of more than 1.5 tons, which is enough to carry "fusion boosted fission warheads with a yield of 200-300 kilotonnes," <a href="http://www.delhidefencereview.com/2018/01/18/successful-pre-induction-trial-of-indias-agni-v-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-takes-it-closer-to-deployment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to an editorial by Saurav Jha, the editor in chief of the Delhi Defense Review.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Indian Defence Research and Development OrganizationA surface-to-surface Agni V missile is launched from Wheeler Island off the eastern Indian state of Odisha, April 19, 2012.</div></div></div><h2>Heightened tensions with India's neighbors</h2>India is currently in a tense period of relations with its western neighbor, Pakistan, with which it has long had a contentious relationship. New Delhi <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-test-fires-missile-amid-perceived-threats-from-china-pakistan-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has said</a> it faces a threat from Pakistan's development of a nuclear missile program of its own.New Delhi and Beijing went through a protracted standoff over a sliver of land in the eastern Himalayas over the summer - the worst border dispute between the two countries in three decades. The <a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/surge-in-chinese-transgressions-faceoffs-on-line-of-actual-control-5018330/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">number of faceoffs</a> between Indian and Chinese personnel in disputed areas on their shared border increased considerably in 2017.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://twitter.com/ThePrintIndia/status/898871876813967361">The Print/Twitter</a>A still image of Indian and Chinese troops clashing on the border in the eastern Himalayas, August 15, 2017.</div></div></div>The latest period of border tension was punctuated by a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/video-of-chinese-indian-troops-fighting-with-stones-at-himalaya-border-2017-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">brief hand-to-hand, rock-throwing clash</a> in another disputed area in the western Himalayas.China has <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/world/asia/india-ballistic-missile-icbm.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">criticized</a> India's development of the Agni 5 and <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/china-hopes-india-us-australia-japan-quadrilateral-wont-damage-third-party/articleshow/61521305.cms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">expressed dismay</a> about India's growing defense ties with the US and other countries in the region.India has been boosting its military development over the past few years, largely in response to the growing Chinese presence in the region, which is home to heavily trafficked and strategically valuable shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean.Beijing now has a presence at ports in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/indias-concern-with-beijing-expansion-grows-with-sri-lanka-port-deal-2017-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-hoping-to-extend-maritime-reach-china-lavishes-aid-on-pakistan-town-2017-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pakistan</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/china-troops-to-overseas-base-operational-security-concerns-for-us-2017-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Djibouti</a>, and has a growing relationship with <a href="https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/indias-regional-power-credentials-under-threat-by-china/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Maldives</a>. China's navy, its <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/china-troops-to-overseas-base-operational-security-concerns-for-us-2017-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">submarines in particular</a>, is increasingly active in the Indian Ocean, especially around the Malacca Strait, through which the country passes about 80% of its fuel supplies.India has expanded its <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-more-us-made-sub-hunting-planes-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">anti-submarine-warfare capabilities</a> and its acquisition of military hardware, like warships and fighter jets. It is also <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-more-us-made-sub-hunting-planes-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">looking to boost</a> its domestic military industry through partnerships with international firms. Some parts of its missile program, however, have <a href="https://theprint.in/2017/12/24/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">faced setbacks</a> in recent weeks.<h2>Advances in India's missile technology</h2>With the Agni 5, New Delhi is now able to hit targets in most of China - including major cities on the country's east coast. The missile's mobile-deployment capacity also makes it harder to track and boosts India's second-strike capabilities. Its reentry vehicle may also <a href="http://www.delhidefencereview.com/2018/01/18/successful-pre-induction-trial-of-indias-agni-v-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-takes-it-closer-to-deployment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mitigate</a> ballistic-missile defenses being developed by China."If there are hostilities, and if there are contingencies, then India has something which can deter China or at least make China think twice," Nitin A. Gokhale, an independent national-security analyst in India, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/world/asia/india-ballistic-missile-icbm.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told</a> The New York Times.India has made other advances in its missile technology in recent months.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Kamal KishoreIndia's Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles, mounted on a truck, during a full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day parade in New Delhi, India, January 23, 2006.</div></div></div>In late November, India's air force <a href="https://theaviationist.com/2017/11/23/india-successfully-test-fires-fastest-cruise-missile-from-aircraft/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> it become the first air force in the world to successfully test an air-launched Brahmos supersonic cruise missile, <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/pmreleases.aspx?mincode=33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">after firing one</a> of the 5,500-pound, two-stage missiles from a modified Sukhoi Su-30 fighter jet at a sea target off India's east coast.The successful test in November gave India the ability to launch the missile from sea, land, and air.The Brahmos, which is based on Russia's P-800 Oniks sea-skimming cruise missile, was <a href="https://theaviationist.com/2017/11/23/india-successfully-test-fires-fastest-cruise-missile-from-aircraft/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a joint project</a> between New Delhi and Moscow. Russia provided 65% of the missile's components, while India supplied the majority of the rest.The Brahmos is reportedly <a href="https://theaviationist.com/2017/11/23/india-successfully-test-fires-fastest-cruise-missile-from-aircraft/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">able to carry</a> a 660-pound warhead up to 250 miles, traveling at speeds up to Mach 3. That combination of speed, range, and explosive power makes the missile a threat to large surface ships, like aircraft carriers, as well as to fortified targets on land. Its speed and low altitude may also mean that anti-missile defense, especially shipboard ones, <a href="https://theaviationist.com/2017/11/23/india-successfully-test-fires-fastest-cruise-missile-from-aircraft/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">would have trouble</a> intercepting it. There is also <a href="https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/india-test-fires-nuclear-capable-cruise-missile-from-fighter-jet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">speculation</a> the missile could be modified to carry a nuclear warhead. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-changes-way-see-world-india-greenland-texas-united-states-africa-south-america-2017-4">These 10 maps will change the way you see the world</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

India's latest missile test puts it closer to joining an exclusive club and will 'make China think twice'

Two top American nuclear experts have said that India continues to modernise its atomic arsenal keeping China as a target. An article titled ‘Indian nuclear forces 2017,’ written by experts <keyword id="508359" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Hans-M-Kristensen">Hans M Kristensen</keyword> and <keyword id="3861438" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="robert-s-norris">Robert S Norris</keyword> was published in the July-August issue of the digital journal After Midnight, claiming that India is presently busy developing a missile which can target the entire China region from its bases located in South India. As per the article, India has produced around 600 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium, which is sufficient for 150-200 nuclear warheads. However, out of these, only 120-130 weapons have actually been produced. As per their estimates, New Delhi is operating seven nuclear-capable systems, including two aircraft, four land-based ballistic missiles, and one sea-based ballistic missile. "At least four more systems are in development. The development program is in a dynamic phase, with long-range land- and sea-based missiles emerging for possible deployment within the next decade," the article said. As per Kristensen and Norris, the two-stage, solid-fuel, rail-mobile Agni-2, the improvement variant of Agni-1, which can deliver a nuclear or conventional warhead more than 2,000 kilometres is probably targeted on western, central, and southern regions of China. (Image source WikiMedia)

India modernising nuclear arsenal to target China from southern bases: US experts

Main stream scientists will hate it, so will the pseudo-intellectuals, but as <keyword id="6417558" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="albert-einstein">Albert Einstein</keyword> had once said, “Imagination is more powerful than knowledge”. Since time immemorial, mankind has been experiencing different kinds of warfare in all the dimensions possible. Back in those days waging war was more or less intended to eliminate evil and to establish truth for which highly sophisticated weapons were used only when they needed it the most to avoid any possible large scale demolition and collateral damage. Yes, that was the power and technology they had thousands years back. <keyword id="49038" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</keyword>: The Influence 

	Mahabharata is one of the two major epics of ancient India and is written in Sanskrit. It consists of the epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War apart from the devotional and philosophical aspects of the goals of life. The Kurukshetra war had witnessed a lot of ancient weaponry which was far more advanced and futuristic than what we posses today.
 The concept of <keyword id="94511" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="astra">Astra</keyword> (Missile) and Dhanush (Launchers) emerged from there. Astra was a supernatural hand-carried weapon blessed by a specific deity. The function of an Astra is more than that of a missile. It is said that Astras used in Mahabharata probably might have also used technologies of emitting most dangerous rays like Gamma and others, which have exceptional powers to penetrate. Some Astras returns to the person who launches it, for instance, Krishna's Sudharsana Chakra. This may be similar to the reusable missiles which the <keyword id="119061" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organization">Indian Space Research Organization</keyword> (ISRO) is working on. How could it be possible to manufacture such advanced weapons, thousands of years ago without knowing the complex technology and without having large scale industrial infrastructure? Well, those weapons were guided by some kind of alien GPS system for long range targets and commanded by the Mantras which are similar to today's log-ins and passwords. 

	Astras were also used for defensive purposes similar to a Tesla Shield which is used to destroy the enemy Astra coming towards it. The modern "Tesla shield" discharges electrical energy and any incoming physical object which hits the shell receives an enormous discharge of that energy and instantly vaporizes. It can also be compared to the anti-missile air defense system of the modern times.
 

	India has a Beyond Visual Range Air to Air Missile (BVRAAM) named Astra. Astra is designed to be capable of engaging targets at varying ranges and altitudes allowing for engagement of both short-range targets (up to 20 km) and long-range targets (up to 80 km) using alternative propulsion modes and the missile is technologically more sophisticated than the nuclear capable Agni missile series of strategic ballistic missiles.
 

	Weapons used in Mahabharata 
	 
	 

	Astras like Brahmashira, Brahmasthra, Pasupatasthra, Vaishnavasthra, Narayana Astra, Agneyasthra, Vayavasthra, Nagasthra, Vajrasthra, Varunasthra etc. were used in Mahabharata along with positive indications of the use of Nuclear weapons, otherwise how could the war cause the death of around 1.5 billion people in a matter of 18 days. The wide degree of devastation found at the site of Mohanjo Daro corresponds exactly to Nagasaki. Davenport, who published his findings in a book named, "Atomic Destruction in 2000 B.C.", in 1979 had said that there was an epicenter about 50 yards wide where everything was crystallized, fused or melted. 
 

	Barbarika, a character in Mahabharata, had the ability to mark its targets either to save it or to destroy it with the help of his unique Astras. Now consider this, India's DRDO has a two-stage missile named Nirbhay which has the capability of picking out a target and attacking it among multiple other objects. The missile also has a loitering capability, i.e., it can circumvent a target and perform several maneuvers and then re-engage it. 
 

	The Vedic Concept
 

	The Vedas (meaning “knowledge”) comprises of four ancient Indian texts, with the oldest dating back about 1500 BC to 1200 BC. They are also the oldest writings of Hinduism. The four texts of the Vedas include Rigveda, Yajurveda, Sama-Veda, and Atharva-Veda. 
	 The Vedas influenced many from <keyword id="903829" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Nicola-Tesla">Nicola Tesla</keyword> to Bohr and inspired them to explore the new vistas of science and technology and to imagine the unimaginable. Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrödinger regularly read Vedic texts. Heisenberg stated, “Quantum theory will not look ridiculous to people who have read Vedanta.” Vedanta is the conclusion of Vedic thought. 
	 <keyword id="75565" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Henry-David-Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</keyword> said: "In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita... in comparison with which... our modern world and its literature seems puny and trivial." 
	 <keyword id="2933609" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Julius-Robert-Oppenheimer">Julius Robert Oppenheimer</keyword>, the principle developer of the atomic bomb, stated that "The Vedas are the greatest privilege of this century." During the explosion of the first atomic bomb, Oppenheimer quoted several Bhagavad-Gita verses from the 11th chapter, such as: 
	 
	 

	"Death I am, cause of destruction of the worlds..." 
	 
	 

	When Oppenheimer was asked if this is the first nuclear explosion, he significantly replied: "Yes, in modern times," implying that ancient nuclear explosions may have previously occurred. 
	 
	 

	It is said that science and religion are not different; it's just that science is too young to understand it. Mahabharata and the Vedas have influenced a generation of the scientists and is still relevant in creating the cutting-edge advanced and futuristic technologies for the mankind including the modern weaponry and warfare.

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India successfully test-fires indigenously built, nuclear-capable Agni-I ballistic missile

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India just tested a ballistic missile capable of carrying 1.5 tonne nuclear warheads

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India's latest missile test puts it closer to joining an exclusive club and will 'make China think twice'

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India modernising nuclear arsenal to target China from southern bases: US experts

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Why Mahabharata and the Vedas still influence modern weaponry and combat science

Avinash Kumar

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