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The Indian Government is considering to handover project for improved version of ‘Tejas’ fighter planes to private sector for efficient and time bound execution. 
 
Fed up with a string of delays and design flaws, the government wants to rope in a private player for Light Combat Aircraft, or LCA, programme. 
 
Sources told Economic Times that discussions have taken place in the top echelons of the government to expedite Tejas programme. 
 If the plan gets a go-ahead, private players would have a potential order for more than 160 improved <keyword id="2942559" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tejas-Mk-II">Tejas Mk II</keyword> fighters that the <keyword id="15141" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Indian-Air-Force">Indian Air Force</keyword> desperately needs to plug vital operational gaps. 
 The feels that the state-run agencies, <keyword id="139970" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Hindustan-Aeronautics-Ltd">Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd</keyword> (HAL) and the defence ministry's <keyword id="139969" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Aeronautical-Development-Agency">Aeronautical Development Agency</keyword> (ADA), involved in the LCA do not have the capacity to meet the order. 
 
"It is very clear that the LCA programme cannot be allowed to go on as it is. There are not enough resources available to complete the project in the timeline required. A private company would be accountable and would invest in the project," a senior official aware of the government's thinking told ET on the condition of anonymity. 
 
The financial daily reported that another proposal suggested setting up of a special purpose vehicle for the project in which DRDO and HAL, the entities now responsible for the LCA, could be partners along with the private sector. 
 
Meanwhile, experts are of the opinion that the improved version of the fighter jets will have the potential for exports also. 
 
"An improved version of the fighter that meets air force requirements would also have a good export potential. The numbers could go up significantly if India promotes it in and around the region as an affordable fighter," another official told ET. 
 
With the government ever received an order, each fighter would cost a few hundreds of cores of rupees, boosting 'Make in India' cause. 
 
Reportedly, the LCA was conceived in the early 1980s as an aircraft that would replace the Russia-made MIG 21. But, three decades have passed and the Air Force is still to get even a single squadron of these indigenously produced fighters. 
 
India’s neighbours, China and Pakistan, have squadrons of indigenously developed fighter aircraft. 
 
(Image: Indiatimes)

Government is rapidly losing out on creating Low Combat Aircraft for India

NEW DELHI: When the <keyword id="6376012" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tejas">Tejas</keyword> light combat aircraft tears into the sky over Bangalore on Friday, its sonic boom will finally herald a major milestone in the long, tortuous developmental saga of the homegrown supersonic fighter. 
 Having clocked almost 2,420 flight tests since its prototype first flew in January 2011, the lightweight multirole Tejas fighter will finally zoom past the initial operational clearance (<keyword id="6354733" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="IOC">IOC</keyword>) mark on Friday. For long wary of <keyword id="508910" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="40" keywordseo="The-Fighter">the fighter</keyword> being prematurely thrust down its throat, even the IAF will clap this time. 
 "This Tejas Mark-I is much better than a MiG-21 'Bison' on several counts, including weapon-carrying capability and range. But the fighter's full capabilities will emerge only in the Tejas Mark-II version, with a more powerful engine, radar and weapons, which is slated to be ready by December 2018," said a top <keyword id="194542" type="POSITION" weightage="40" keywordseo="IAF-officer">IAF officer</keyword>. 
 But that is in the future. Friday will mark the actual IOC - which basically signifies the fighter is fully airworthy in different conditions, from extremely low temperatures of high-altitude areas to the searing heat of deserts - of the Tejas Mark-I. It will not be the specious one that the combine of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), <keyword id="139969" type="CITY" weightage="40" keywordseo="Aeronautical-Development-Agency">Aeronautical Development Agency</keyword> (ADA) and <keyword id="139970" type="COMPANY" weightage="40" keywordseo="Hindustan-Aeronautics-Ltd">Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd</keyword> (HAL) passed off as IOC-I in January 2011. 
 
 
 
The Tejas Mark-I fighter, however, will be ready to go to battle only in 2015 once it gets the final operational clearance (FOC), after integration of all weapons and other systems to ensure it can fi re 23mm guns, rockets and BVR (beyond visual range) missiles as well as undergo air-to-air refuelling. As of now, the Tejas can let loose only close-range R-73 air-to-air missiles and air-to-ground laser and unguided bombs. 
 It's a no-brainer that India needs to have its own <keyword id="6500558" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="40" keywordseo="Indigenous">indigenous</keyword> fighter in an era where the supremacy of airpower in shaping modern-day battles is unquestioned, and foreign imports can be choked in times of emergencies. 
 But the way the LCA project has meandered over the years, since it was fi rst approved in August 1983 at a paltry cost of Rs 560 crore to replace the ageing MiG-21s, has tested everyone's patience. So much so that TOI in April 2003, just before then PM <keyword id="47100" type="PERSON" weightage="40" keywordseo="Atal-Bihari-Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</keyword> named it "Tejas", had suggested it be christened "Jet-Ayu" - 'Ayu' being the Hindi word for age, and 'Jatayu', the bird king who fought Ravana in vain to prevent him from abducting Sita. 
 
Down to just 34 fighter squadrons, IAF is of course still fl ying the obsolete MiG-21s. Due to the huge delay in the LCA project, it still has around 250 MiG-21s in its combat fleet, having further staggered their already long-delayed retirement by at least another five years. Not only has the LCA been in the making for 30 years, with deadlines being missed time and again, its overall developmental cost has also zoomed up to Rs 17,269 crore. This includes the Kaveri aero engine, sanctioned in 1989 at a cost of Rs 2,839 crore, which flopped miserably. 
 Consequently, while the first lot of Tejas will be powered by the American <keyword id="45528" type="CITY" weightage="40" keywordseo="GE">GE</keyword>-404 engines, the Mark-II ones will have the more powerful GE F-414 engines. Over and above the developmental cost, each Tejas will cost around Rs 210-250 crore. So, the induction of 160 Tejas - 120 for IAF, 40 for Navy - will cost another Rs 35,000 crore. 
 
However, defence scientists pooh-pooh all this talk of high costs. 
 "A fourth-generation-plus fighter, Tejas will still be among the cheapest fighters in its class in the world. It's not easy to develop a digital fl y-by-wire supersonic fighter from scratch, especially when India faced international sanctions for several years after the Pokhran-II nuclear tests," said a <keyword id="9662" type="POSITION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Scientist">scientist</keyword>. 
 Though late in coming, the Tejas is certainly critical for the IAF to meet its lightweight fighter requirements. While the heavyweight fighter category is taken care of by the Sukhoi-30MKIs, the medium range is to be met by the proposed almost $20 billion MMRCA (medium multirole combat aircraft) project to acquire 126 <keyword id="6381048" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Rafale">Rafale</keyword> fighters. 
 "The MMRCA and Tejas squadrons are very critical for us to maintain our deterrence capability. Otherwise, our force levels will go down rapidly," says <keyword id="483998" type="POSITION" weightage="40" keywordseo="IAF-Chief-Air-Chief-Marshal">IAF chief Air Chief Marshal</keyword> NAK Browne.

Tejas: A Rs 50,000 crore bird for India

NASA has selected an initial team of 18 astronauts, including Indian-American astronaut <keyword id="4626895" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Raja-Chari">Raja Chari</keyword>, to form the <keyword id="10408823" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="artemis-team">Artemis Team</keyword> and help pave the way for the next lunar missions, including sending the first woman and next man to walk on the lunar surface in 2024. Vice President of the US Mike Pence introduced the members of the Artemis Team on Wednesday during the eighth National Space Council meeting at NASA's Kennedy Space Centre in Florida. "I give you the heroes who will carry us to the Moon and beyond -- the Artemis Generation," said Vice President Mike Pence. "It is amazing to think that the next man and first woman on the Moon are among the names that we just read. The Artemis Team astronauts are the future of American space exploration -- and that future is bright." The astronauts on the Artemis Team come from a diverse range of backgrounds, expertise, and experience. The agency's modern lunar exploration programme will land the first woman and next man on the Moon in 2024 and establish a sustainable human lunar presence by the end of the decade. NASA said it will announce flight assignments for astronauts later, pulling from the Artemis Team. The US space agency said that additional Artemis Team members, including international partner astronauts, will join this group, as needed. Chari joined the astronaut corps in 2017. A colonel in the US Air Force, he was raised in Cedar Falls, Iowa. He received a bachelor's degree in astronautical engineering and a master's degree in aeronautics and astronautics. The US Naval Test Pilot School graduate worked on F-15E upgrades and then the F-35 development programme, before coming to NASA. His father Sreenivas V. Chari immigrated from Hyderabad. "We are incredibly grateful for the president and vice president's support of the Artemis programme, as well as the bipartisan support for all of NASA's science, aeronautics research, technology development, and human exploration goals," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. "As a result, we're excited to share this next step in exploration -- naming the Artemis Team of astronauts who will lead the way, which includes the first woman and next man to walk on the lunar surface." The astronauts of the Artemis Team will help NASA prepare for the coming Artemis missions, which begin next year working with the agency's commercial partners as they develop human landing systems; assisting in the development of training; defining hardware requirements; and consulting on technical development. "There is so much exciting work ahead of us as we return to the moon, and it will take the entire astronaut corps to make that happen," Chief Astronaut Pat Forrester said. "Walking on the lunar surface would be a dream come true for any one of us, and any part we can play in making that happen is an honour." The Artemis Team members also include Joseph Acaba, Kayla Barron, Matthew Dominick, Victor Glover, Warren Hoburg, Jonny Kim, Christina Hammock Koch, Kjell Lindgren, Nicole A. Mann, Anne McClain, Jessica Meir, Jasmin Moghbeli, Kate Rubins, Frank Rubio, Scott Tingle, Jessica Watkins and Stephanie Wilson. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/india-desi-gps-finally-joins-china-russia-and-the-us-after-a-two-year-long-wait/articleshow/79656300.cms">India’s desi-GPS is now in the same league as the US, Russia and China — can scan 1,500 kilometres beyond its own borders</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/canada-has-enough-covid-19-vaccine-doses-to-cover-each-citizen-five-times-over-while-the-fate-of-67-poor-countries-remains-undecided/articleshow/79645493.cms">Canada has enough COVID-19 vaccine doses to cover each citizen five times over while the fate of 67 poor countries remains undecided</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/farmers-plan-to-block-delhi-jaipur-and-delhi-agra-highways-starting-december-12-and-start-nationwide-protests-on-december-14/articleshow/79644167.cms">Farmers call for nationwide protest on December 14 — plan to block Delhi-Jaipur and Delhi-Agra highways starting December 12</a>

Indian-American astronaut Raja Chari shortlisted by NASA to land on the Moon by 2024

The term <a href="http://www.tejas.gov.in/specifications.html">Tejas</a> means ‘radiance’. Developed as a joint venture between Aeronautical Development Agency and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, <keyword id="6376012" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Tejas">Tejas</keyword> is a lightweight aircraft technically described as multi-role, singing-engine tactical fighter. Specially manufactured for induction into the Indian Navy and <keyword id="15141" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Air-Force">Indian Air force</keyword>, Tejas comes with two variations. Tejas is an indigenously manufactured Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). Notably this is among the world’s smallest and lightest multi-role fighter aircraft belonging to the Supersonic class. The highlights of this tailless Aircraft include single-engine and a compound delta wing. In the mission of its development, we see ADA and HAL partner also making use of the expertise of DRDO, CSIR, BEL, DGAQA, IAF and IN. Upon its deployment, Tejas will meet the diverse requirements of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and Indian Navy (IN). Specifications and performance of Tejas aircraft Tejas is known for its high degree of agility and maneuverability. These characteristics are achieved by virtue of its tailless compound wing delta configuration that is said to be aerodynamically unstable. Tejas is designed to satisfy the demands of the modernized air force. This multi-role aircraft is capable of challenging air defense roles and all-round air superiority. In the aerodynamic designing of this aircraft, a deep study and experimentation with the principles of computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel studies have gone into. The most amazing aero-dynamic features of Tejas makes it stand for an excellent performance across a broader fighter envelope. The highly optimized wing of the aircraft shows up the right variation of thickness, twist and camber though its span. The designers have ably adjusted the cross-sectional area distribution for achieving remarkable high speed characteristics. The leading edge slats are particularly suitable for promising aerodynamic performance. In order to prevent buzz and to bring down distortion throughout the flight envelope, the makers have incorporated wing-shielded and bifurcated air intake duct fitted with diverts. These aspects harmoniously match with the engine design. Dimensions of Tejas aircraft Length: 13.20 meters; Height: 4.40 meters; and Wing Span: 8.20 meters Weights of Tejas aircraft Empty: 9800 Kilograms; Take Off clean: 6500 kilograms; and External Stores: 3500 kilograms Tejas aircraft Performance Altitude: 50,000 feet; Max Speed at all altitudes: Supersonic; and ‘g’ limits: +8/-3.5 Power plant F404-GE-IN20 Size: Diameter 890 mm, Length 3.9 m Weight: Max Weight 1,035 kg (2,282 lb) Engines capability: Thrust 9,163 kg (20,200 lb) Tejas aircraft Weapons capacity The efficiency and worth of any modern fighter aircraft depends on the weapons it is capable of delivering on the target. Tejas can carry a veritable plethora of air to surface, air to air, standoff and precision guided weaponry. In the air-to-air arena, Tejas can carry long range and beyond visual range weapons. It can also tackle any kind of close combat threat by handling highly agile and high off-boresight missiles. A broad range of air to ground munitions and a highly accurate navigation and attack system makes it possible for the aircraft to prosecute the surface targets both over the land or at the sea with the mission accomplished with high degree of accuracy. These features bestow the multi-swing role capabilities to this highly touted fighter jet aircraft Tejas.

All you need to know about India’s light combat aircraft Tejas

The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), the highest decision-making body for security issues headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on Wednesday approved the purchase of 83 Tejas fighter jets for the <keyword id="15141" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Air-Force">Indian Air Force</keyword> at a cost of Rs 48,000 crore, including infrastructure. The CCS approved the largest indigenous defence procurement deal worth about Rs 48,000 crore to strengthen the IAF's fleet of homegrown Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)-Tejas. "This deal will be a game changer for self reliance in the Indian defence manufacturing," Union Defence Minister <keyword id="6355121" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rajnath-Singh">Rajnath Singh</keyword> said. Giving out details about the Cabinet decision, the <keyword id="43909" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Defence-ministry">Defence Ministry</keyword> in a statement said: "The Cabinet has approved procurement of 73 LCA Tejas Mk-1A fighter aircraft and 10 LCA Tejas Mk-1 trainer aircraft at the cost of Rs 45,696 crore along with design and development of infrastructure sanctions worth Rs 1,202 crore." Light Combat Aircraft Mk-1A variant is an indigenously designed, developed and manufactured state-of-the-art modern 4+ generation fighter aircraft. This aircraft is equipped with critical operational capabilities of Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar, Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missile, Electronic Warfare (EW) Suite and Air to Air Refuelling (AAR) would be a potent platform to meet the operational requirements of Indian Air Force, IAF. The LCA-Tejas is going to be the backbone of the IAF fighter fleet in the years to come. LCA-Tejas incorporates a large number of new technologies many of which were never attempted in India. The indigenous content of LCA-Tejas is 50 per cent in the Mk1A variant which will be enhanced to 60 per cent. The Light Combat Aircraft Tejas is indigenously designed by the Aircraft Development Agency (ADA) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and manufactured by <keyword id="86569" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hindustan-Aeronautics-Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</keyword> (HAL). The HAL has already set up second line manufacturing facilities at its Nasik and Bengaluru Divisions. Equipped with the augmented infrastructure the HAL will steer LCA-Mk1A production for timely deliveries to the IAF. "The decision taken today will considerably expand the current LCA ecosystem and help in creating new job opportunities," the minister said. HAL follows a system integrator model in the LCA Mk1A programme and acts as an umbrella organisation, fostering manufacturing and design capabilities in private industry. The first squadron of the Light Combat Aircraft, Tejas was raised in 2016. The manufacturing of 83 jets will not only be a boost for 'Make in India' or self reliance but help in filling the gaps in the Indian Air Force as its current fleet is down to 30 squadrons, way below the sanctioned strength of 42. Each squadron comprises 18 fighter jets. These 73 Mark 1A jets are in addition to the 40 Mark 1 already ordered by the IAF. Last year in March, the <keyword id="6369097" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="ministry-of-defence">Ministry of Defence</keyword> gave the go-ahead for the purchase of 73 Tejas Mark 1A aircraft for the Indian Air Force. This was a major breakthrough as after cost negotiations for over three years between the Ministry of Defence and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the price for procurement of the advanced variant of the indigenously-made Light Combat Aircraft Tejas was slashed. The IAF has 20 Mark-1 jets of the earlier variant while another 20 are to be delivered. --IANS sk/kr

$6 billion defence deal boost for HAL — Government approves purchase of 83 Tejas fighter jets

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Nerds and future billionaires rejoice: codes used on NASA's rockets are now free and legal to download.For the second year in a row, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has <a href="https://software.nasa.gov/">released</a> its public software catalogue, a list of over 1,000 selected programs and codes available for download via the agency's website. With only a few restrictions, the release allows US coders and programmers to peak under the hood of NASA programs that the agency doesn't deem too sensitive to share.Several private sector groups have already made use of NASA's code. According to the <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/05/13/it-rocket-science-nasa-releases-abundance-free-code">White House Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (OSTP), software that NASA has made public in recent years have been used for a variety of purposes, from building roller coasters to tracking whales and designing the compatibility algorithms used in popular dating apps.The release is a part of a <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/709314main_NASA_PLAN_FINAL.pdf">five-year agency plan</a> to speed up the transfer of codes and programs to the the technology sector. The agency's goal is to make code, software, and research available to individuals and private companies to spur public and private sector development.This year's release adds to a <a href="https://software.nasa.gov/">growing list of publicly available NASA programs</a> that includes the software used on the Mars rover, a vehicle sketch pad program used to create digital mock-ups of NASA aircraft and even the digital blueprint of the <a href="https://software.nasa.gov/reference/GSC-16682-1">NASA iPhone app</a>.The open source program has already been incredibly popular. According to the OSTP, last year's software manual has been downloaded over 100,000 times.Beyond its benefit to young coders looking to tinker with real space software, NASA's open source program also has plenty of gems for space history buffs. As Wired <a href="http://www.wired.com/2014/04/nasa-guidebook/">noted</a>, last year, the organization released programs that ran on the original Apollo 11 lunar modules.NASA's program has been part of a broader push by the Obama administration to speed up the public release of government research. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mysterious-bright-spots-nasa-ceres-dwarf-planet-2015-5">NASA scientists are stumped by this dwarf planet</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="c4aXIydTpRjLlshD5N_SoGFiyDiClhGX" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Here's how to download the code NASA uses in its rockets

Indian Air Force will induct three to four indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft '<keyword id="6376012" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tejas">Tejas</keyword>' this year and a total of eight squadrons in eight years, <keyword id="32723" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defence">Defence</keyword> Minister <keyword id="6363133" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Manohar-Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</keyword> said today. 
 He told the <keyword id="6355187" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Lok-Sabha">Lok Sabha</keyword> that a Letter of Intent for procuring 120 Tejas was issued and the first aircraft was inducted by the <keyword id="6355075" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="IAF">IAF</keyword> in 2015 and three to four would be inducted this year. 
 
"Letter of Intent has been issued for 120 LCA. The first aircraft was given during 2015. The next three to four, to form the squadron, will be delivered during current year. 
 
"We are also in the process of approving the second line of manufacturing to the HAL so that they can produce 16 aircraft per year. In the next eight years, you will have about eight squadrons of LCA," he said during Question Hour. 
 
Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) is the nodal organisation for organisation for the development of 'Tejas'. 
 
Parrikar said India has been importing 15 per cent of the global arms imports which has now come down to 14 per cent. 
 
India's arms import bill has also come down from around Rs 35,000 crore to Rs 24,900 crore now, he said. 
 
The Defence Minister said Indian defence industries, ordnance factories and shipyards have been functioning in full capacity and the orders received by them have increased substantially over the years They have orders to the tune of Rs 1,60,000 crore and they would not be able to complete all orders even in the next ten years, he said, adding that these orders were indigenous, mostly from the government, and just two per cent orders from abroad. 
 Replying to another question, Parrikar refuted a suggestion that India's budget allocation for defence sector was low in comparison to countries like the US, China and Pakistan, saying the pensions of defence personnel was not part of the <keyword id="45134" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defence-budget">defence budget</keyword>. 
 
He said modernisation of the armed forces was a continuous process based on threat perception, operational challenges and technological changes to keep the armed forces in a state of readiness to meet the entire spectrum of security challenges. 
 
"Government attaches the highest priority to ensuring that the armed forces are sufficiently equipped to meet any operational requirement. This is achieved through induction of new equipment and technological changes to keep the armed forces in a state of readiness to meet the entire spectrum of security challenges. 
 
"Government attaches the highest priority to ensuring that the armed forces are sufficiently equipped to meet any operational requirement. This is achieved through induction of new equipment and technological upgradation of capabilities," he said. 
 
Image credit: Indiatimes

In 8 years, IAF to induct 8 squadrons 'Tejas': Manohar Parrikar

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Sunday successfully conducted the Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission (<keyword id="1394294" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rlv" source="Orion">RLV</keyword> <keyword id="346789" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lex" source="Orion">LEX</keyword>). The test was conducted at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga, Karnataka, the national agency headquartered here said. "With that, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> successfully achieved the autonomous landing of a space vehicle", it said in a statement. "With LEX, the dream of an Indian Reusable Launch Vehicle arrives one step closer to reality", ISRO said. In a first in the world, a winged body has been carried to an altitude of 4.5 km by a helicopter and released for carrying out an autonomous landing on a runway. RLV is essentially a space plane with a low lift to drag ratio requiring an approach at high glide angles that necessitated a landing at high velocities of 350 kmph. The RLV took off at 7:10 am IST by a Chinook Helicopter of the Indian Air Force (IAF) as an underslung load and flew to a height of 4.5 km (above Mean Sea Level). Once the predetermined pillbox parameters were attained, based on the RLV's Mission Management Computer command, the RLV was released in mid-air, at a down range of 4.6 km. Release conditions included 10 parameters covering position, velocity, altitude and body rates, etc. The release of RLV was autonomous. RLV then performed approach and landing maneuvers using the Integrated Navigation, Guidance &amp; control system and completed an autonomous landing on the ATR air strip at 7:40 AM IST. The autonomous landing was carried out under the exact conditions of a Space Re-entry vehicle's landing - high speed, unmanned, precise landing from the same return path - as if the vehicle arrives from space. Landing parameters such as Ground relative velocity, the sink rate of Landing Gears, and precise body rates, as might be experienced by an orbital re-entry space vehicle in its return path, were achieved. The RLV LEX demanded several state-of-the-art technologies including accurate Navigation hardware and software, Pseudolite system, Ka-band Radar Altimeter, NavIC receiver, indigenous <keyword id="1653256" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="landing-gear" source="Orion">Landing Gear</keyword>, Aerofoil honey-comb fins and brake parachute system. LEX utilised several indigenous systems. Localized Navigation systems based on pseudolite systems, instrumentation, and sensor systems, etc. were developed by ISRO. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the landing site with a Ka-band Radar Altimeter provided accurate altitude information. Extensive wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations enabled aerodynamic characterisation of RLV prior to the flight. "Adaptation of contemporary technologies developed for RLV LEX turns other operational launch vehicles of ISRO more cost-effective", the statement said. ISRO had demonstrated the re-entry of its winged vehicle RLV-TD in the HEX mission in May 2016. The re-entry of a hypersonic sub-orbital vehicle marked a major accomplishment in developing <keyword id="17012252" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reusable-launch-vehicles" source="Orion">Reusable Launch Vehicles</keyword>. In HEX, the vehicle landed on a hypothetical runway over the Bay of Bengal. Precise landing on a runway was an aspect not included in the HEX mission. The LEX mission achieved the final approach phase that coincided with the re-entry return flight path exhibiting an autonomous, high speed (350 kmph) landing. The LEX began with an Integrated Navigation test in 2019 and followed multiple Engineering Model Trials and Captive Phase tests in subsequent years. Along with ISRO, IAF, Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC), Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), and Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) contributed to this test. The IAF team hand in hand with the Project team and multiple sorties were conducted to perfect the achievement of release conditions. Secretary in the Department of Space and ISRO Chairman S Somanath was among who witnessed the test.

India successfully achieves autonomous landing of Space vehicle

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stated that the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) has ‘inspired’ them with <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>. </li><li>NASA also said that it looks forward to future missions with ISRO. </li><li>NASA’s laser reflector arrays were abroad Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram. </li><li>NASA and ISRO are already collaborating to build the most expensive Earth imaging satellite till date — NISAR — pegged to cost $1.5 billion. </li></ul> As the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tries to figure out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">what went wrong</a> with the moon landing, international support is pouring in from all corners of the world. The US’ apex space agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), tweeted that that ISRO has ‘inspired’ then with their journey. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="102912" retweetcount="35977" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s link to Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2, though primarily an Indian mission, was carrying <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">NASA’s laser instruments</a>. Its laser reflector arrays were aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">the lander</a>. NASA has been sending up laser reflector arrays with every mission that’s aiming to land on the Moon. One was also on the Israeli lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/israeli-scientists-attempt-at-the-first-private-moon-landing-failed-because-of-a-glitch-that-caused-a-high-speed-crash-into-the-lunar-surface/articleshow/68858222.cms">Beresheet</a>, that crashed into the lunar surface earlier this year. The Moon is already home to five such lasers, according to Simone Dell’Angello, a physicist at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics National Laboratory. The aim of populating the Moon with these instruments is to get an accurate reading of the distance between the Earth and its natural satellite. Retroreflectors are basically very high tech mirrors and their job is to reflect back any lasers signals that Earth sends its way. The reflection from the instruments on the lander would help pinpoint its location. The location, in turn, can be used to calculate the precise distance between the Moon and the Earth. NASA’s history with the Moon Landing on the Moon isn’t easy and nobody knows that better than NASA. It took the US space agency <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html">15 attempts </a>before it finally nailed a hard landing on the Moon. Even NASA’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html">Surveyor Program</a> — a series of uncrewed soft landings on the Moon — had to face two failures. NASA’s has plans of its own for 2024 The last time NASA sent humans to the Moon was in 1972 as a part of the Apollo 17 mission. Its last uncrewed mission was back in 2013 when it launched the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813104358/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=LADEE">LADEE</a>) to intentionally crash into the far side of the Moon. Now, US President Donald Trump is looking to remake US glory by sending astronauts to the Moon again — the mission is called Artemis. He’s even moved up the deadline from 2028 to 2024 — a move that might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/NASA-says-it-needs-a-1-6-billion-down-payment-from-Congress-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-within-5-years/articleshow/69331646.cms">cost the US government $1.55 billion</a> as well as reallocating $321 million from other NASA projects. This is on top of NASA’s <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">annual budget</a> of $21.5 billion. And, the spending doesn’t stop there. ISRO and NASA are currently developing a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite — <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/u-s-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/">NISAR</a>. The satellite is scheduled to take off in 2020, according to NASA. NISAR is expected to be the most expensive Earth imaging till date with its cost pegged at $1.5 billion. It aims to study the effect of climate change on the environment and the resulting hazards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Reaction Engines, one of the brightest prospects in European space plane technology, has big news this morning.&#xa0;BAE Systems, the globetrotting defence and aeronautics giant, just bought 20% of the firm, and it's making a major investment in Reaction Engines' most promising ideas.The idea is an unpiloted, reusable hypersonic space plane. It's called SABRE. Here's how the company itself describes it:A&#xa0;new aerospace engine class that combines both jet and rocket technologies with the potential to revolutionise hypersonic flight and the economics of space access...&#xa0;This new class of aerospace engine is designed to enable aircraft to operate from standstill on the runway to speeds of over five times the speed of sound in the atmosphere. SABRE can then transition to a rocket mode of operation, allowing spaceflight at speeds up to orbital velocity, equivalent to twenty five times the speed of sound. Reaction Engines' technology has undergone extensive independent technical assessments which have confirmed its viability and potential vehicle applications.According to a press release <a href="http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/press_release/REL_BAE_Press_Release_2_November_2015.pdf">from Oxfordshire-based Reaction Engines</a>, BAE has bought 20% of the company and invest&#xa0;£20.6 million ($31.79 million). The company is expecting another £60 million ($92.60 million) in the form of a government grant.Here's what the firm says they're getting from BAE:&#xa0;The working partnership will draw on BAE Systems' extensive aerospace technology development and project management expertise and will provide Reaction Engines with access to critical industrial, technical and capital resources to progress towards the demonstration of a ground based engine - a key milestone in the development of the technology. According to the FT, David Parker, head of the <keyword id="6354868" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="UK">UK</keyword> Space Agency called it "<a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a25d2798-7f1b-11e5-98fb-5a6d4728f74e.html?ftcamp=published_links%2Frss%2Fcompanies%2Ffeed%2F%2Fproduct#axzz3qGG3vlh2">a vote of confidence in the technology</a>."If it all sounds cool, that's because it is. Take a look at what they're hoping it can do:<div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-john-paulson-profited-off-2008-recession-2015-10">How hedge fund legend John Paulson built an empire off the 2008 financial crisis</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="g4NDczeDoqNCJs7aho1J7sm93MKzYZjd" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

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