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(Photo Source: Wikimedia.org) <ul><li>The number of Aadhaar-related authentications fell by nearly a third to 824 million in November compared to March this year. </li><li><keyword id="144117" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="AADHAAR">Aadhaar</keyword> also saw a big drop in enrollments in November following India’s Supreme Court’s judgment limiting its use. </li><li>The decline in Aadhaar enrolments was reportedly “expected” by the government as over 1.22 billion Indians have already been enrolled. </li></ul>Two months after India’s Supreme Court’s verdict curtailing Aadhaar’s use by private companies, the biometric-based unique identity program has seen a big drop in use for ‘authentication’ purposes. The number of Aadhaar-related authentications fell by nearly a third to 824 million in November compared to March this year, Economic Times <a href="https://m-economictimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/m.economictimes.com/news/economy/policy/aadhaar-usage-enrolments-plunge-in-november-after-sc-order/amp_articleshow/66913619.cms?usqp=mq331AQHCAFYAYABAQ%3D%3D&amp;amp_js_v=0.1#aoh=15438101173727&amp;amp_ct=1543810127696&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;amp_tf=From%20%251%24s">reported</a> citing official data from the Unique Identification Authority of India (<keyword id="6355252" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="uidai">UIDAI</keyword>). Additionally, Aadhaar-based authentication through e-KYC—using fingerprints or iris—fell by nearly half to nearly 154 million in November from 370 million in March, the report pointed out. The number of people enrolling in Aadhaar has also seen a dip — falling to 866,000 in November as compared to 2.2 million in October. However, the Indian government has been expecting fewer enrollments as its estimates show over 1.22 billion people in India already have Aadhaar. In September, India’s Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of Aadhaar, but put several restrictions on its use. For example, it said it was no longer necessary for its citizens to link their bank accounts with Aadhaar and asked private companies to refrain from asking for Aadhaar details.

India’s unique identification program Aadhaar sees a big drop in ‘authentication’ use after Supreme Court verdict

(Image Credit- IANS) <ul><li>India will modify the Telegraph Act and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) that will allow people to link their <keyword id="144117" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="AADHAAR">Aadhaar</keyword> with their bank account and mobile number voluntarily. </li><li>A proposal from India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has received the approval from PM Narendra Modi. </li><li>Through a ‘virtual’ ID, private companies--banks and telecom companies-- will be able to access the biometric data. </li></ul>Just months after India’s Supreme Court prohibited private companies from asking customers their Aadhaar data for authentication, the Indian government has approved changes in two key laws that will make legal the voluntary submission of Aadhaar. The Indian government is amending the Telegraph Act and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), to include Aadhaar in the e-KYC options under the Telegraph Act. Similarly, it will allow people to link their Aadhaar and bank accounts for KYC, but on a voluntary basis under the PMLA act. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology had recently floated a proposal to recognize a “virtual ID” so people will not have to disclose their original Aadhaar number. The authentication through Aadhaar will be permissible for mobile phone SIM cards and obtaining new bank accounts, IANS reported citing a government source. “But this shall not be the only option. Apart from Aadhaar KYC, passport and any other document the government may notify can also be used," said the source. Earlier this year, the Supreme Court of India revoked the rights of all private companies to access Aadhaar database for authentication. The order to de-link the Aadhaar database from e-KYC came as a major setback for telecom operators and banks in India that had come to rely on Aadhaar data to fulfill regulatory requirements such as “Know Your Customer” and increasing their customer acquisition costs. The proposed amendments are aimed at providing the necessary legal safety that will help the government to detect cases of money laundering, ET reported citing government officials. India has also decided to give a parallel platform for digital authentication which has been named as "offline verification" through which authentication can be done by using QR code. In addition, children’s Aadhaar data use will require parental consent. Since the Supreme Court ban, the number of Aadhaar-related authentications fell by nearly a third to 824 million in November compared to March this year. Additionally, Aadhaar-based authentication through e-KYC —using fingerprints or iris —fell by nearly half to nearly 154 million in November from 370 million in March, Economic Times <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unique-identification-program-aadhaar-sees-a-big-drop-in-authentication-use-after-supreme-court-verdict/articleshow/66931607.cms">reported</a>. With IANS inputs See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unique-identification-program-aadhaar-sees-a-big-drop-in-authentication-use-after-supreme-court-verdict/articleshow/66931607.cms">India’s unique identification program Aadhaar sees a big drop in ‘authentication’ use after Supreme Court verdict</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-aadhaar-id-programme-is-here-to-stay-but-with-some-modifications/articleshow/65961826.cms">The Aadhaar ID programme is here to stay but with some modifications</a>

India will amend laws to allow voluntary submission of citizens’ biometric Aadhaar ID to private companies

<keyword id="7160701" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-year-2018">The year 2018</keyword> saw the <keyword id="75952" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Supreme-Court-of-India">Supreme Court of India</keyword> pass some pivotal judgements that have borne in favour of equality. Under the umbrella of Justice Dipak Misra, the judgements have sparked debate, joy and also anger. The Supreme Court verdict on decriminalising homosexuality allowing the entry of women in the Sabarimala temple in the year 2018, while appreciated, were also judgements that were widely debated. The controversy surrounding the Aadhaar Act was also put to rest with Sections 33(2), 47 and 57 being struck down. The primary concern of citizens was abated with private entities no longer being allowed to demand Aadhaar data and the national security exception being revoked. Here are the some of the major verdicts passed down by the <keyword id="7160700" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="supreme-court-in-the-year-2018">Supreme Court in the year 2018</keyword>:

10 landmark judgements India’s Supreme Court passed in 2018

<ul><li>63-year old Bobde hails from a family of lawyers in Nagpur.</li><li>Some of his most important verdicts include the one which said that Aadhaar should not be mandatory for citizens to get basic services.</li><li>He is also part of the Constitution Bench which will give its verdict on the Ayodhya Ram Temple vs Babri Masjid title dispute before he takes over as the Chief Justice of India.<a class="c-link c-timestamp c-timestamp--static" href="https://timesbridge.slack.com/archives/DF7Q1BA2Y/p1572335795009200"></a></li></ul> <keyword id="919824" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Justice-Bobde">Justice Bobde</keyword> will be sworn in as Chief Justice of India on November 18 after the President signed the warrant confirming his appointment as the 47th person to hold the position in the country. Present Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi on October 18 has recommended second senior-most judge Justice Bobde as his successor. The following are some of the key verdicts that Justice Bobde⁠— who hails from a family lawyers in Nagpur⁠— has been part of and cases where he expressed his views on. 
	
	
	
	
	<div type="Slideshow" msid="71802255" hostid="261" title="Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde⁠ — his key verdicts and other unknown details" firstImageMsid="71802256" slideCount="5"></div>

Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde⁠ —  his key verdicts and other unknown details

<ul><li>The supreme court’s verdict on the <keyword id="3301209" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aadhaar-Act">Aadhaar Act</keyword> removed Section 33 (2), Section 47, and Section 57 as being unconstitutional.</li><li>The court has also directed all private companies to delete their storage of customers’ Aadhaar details. </li><li>But, the Aadhaar card is still mandatory for all taxpayers since it’s required to file income tax returns (ITR).</li></ul>The Supreme Court of <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> (SC) <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-aadhaar-id-programme-is-here-to-stay-but-with-some-modifications/articleshow/65961826.cms">deemed the Aadhaar act</a> to be constitutional yesterday, but did <a href="https://www.livelaw.in/breaking-sections-33247-national-security-exception-gone-private-entities-cannot-demand-aadhaar-data/">remove sections</a> that it thought violated the right of Indian citizens. And, while participating in the world’s largest biometric database is now voluntary to a certain extent, millions of citizens have already enrolled and submitted their authentication details to third parties. That being said, the supreme court has directed <keyword id="6379816" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="telecom-operators">telecom operators</keyword> and banks to delete the biometric data that they had collected from their customers so far. It even cited the Department of Telecom’s (DoT) circular on the re-verification of phone numbers with Aadhaar details as unconstitutional. 
 
 
 <div type="Youtube" id="4XJsv7aa9X0" title="The Aadhaar ID programme is here to stay but with some modifications" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4XJsv7aa9X0/mqdefault.jpg"></div>







 Sections struck down The SC removed three sections from the Aadhar Act. Section 33 (2) allowed data to be disclosed in the interest of national security. The government or allied institutions could obtain an individual’s biometric data if they were a suspected as threats. The removal of this section means that are no exceptions to individuals not being forced to disclose their authentication data, which includes their Aadhaar biometrics. Section 47 was a cause of concern because any Aadhaar data breach would only be recognised as a criminal offence if reported by an officer at the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI). With this section off the Aadhaar Act, even individuals have the power to register criminal offences under the legislation. The removal of Section 57 will probably have the impact on day to day life with it no longer being ‘mandatory’ for citizens to share their data with any third-party. Aadhaar is still a valid form of identification, but it’s no longer a prerequisite to obtaining third-party services. Basically, any body, corporate or person is no longer allowed to establish the identity of an individual. Daily hustle However, taxpayers are still going to be need their Aadhaar details to register for a Permanent Account Number (PAN) and file their income tax returns (ITR). But, there’s no longer a need for people to link their Aadhaar cards to their bank accounts. Banks can longer cite Aadhaar as a prerequisite for know-your-customer (KYC) authentication. Telecom operators, no only have to delete all that they’ve been hoarding in the past, but even they can’t push for Aadhaar authentication when issuing SIM cards. In a breath of relief for parents, schools can’t ask for Aadhaar card authentication either. NET, CBSE, and UGC applications no longer need it to appear for their respective examinations. This comes in after NET has been implementing mandatory Aadhaar details, without which the application process wouldn’t be validated. Children will also be exempted from needing a Aadhaar card on all fronts. Public sector schemes will remain accessible to them even without a card. The experts and public seem divided on their opinion about these changes. While some think that it’s a step in the right direction, others believe that the dilution of the Aadhaar Act won’t address its underlying problems of privacy.

What does the supreme court verdict on Aadhaar mean for Indian citizens?

At the beginning of 2018, the <keyword id="86474" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Unique-Identification-Authority-of-India">Unique Identification Authority of India</keyword> (UIDAI) declared that the individual <keyword id="144117" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="AADHAAR">Aadhaar</keyword> card details of Indians were <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aadhaar-data-is-fully-safe-uidai/articleshow/61725239.cms">“fully safe and secure”</a>. The statement was a response to reports that 210 government-run websites had made Aadhaar info and bank details of a number of people public. To confirm their belief, UIDAI added that the Aadhaar card details of a person couldn’t be misused without their biometric data as transactions could only be processed after biometric authentication. Five months later, the UIDAI’s statement rings false in more ways than one. A <a href="http://www.indiaspend.com/cover-story/164-aadhaar-related-frauds-reported-since-2011-most-in-2018-new-database-81967">report in IndiaSpend</a> highlights the fact that the number of Aadhaar-related <keyword id="38935" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Fraud">fraud</keyword> incidents reported in the English-language media outlets in the year so far (as of 7 May) is 73. This has already surpassed the total of 65 incidents reported in 2017. This means that there are roughly four incidents of Aadhaar fraud that are reported by English news outlets every week. The number would likely be much higher if Hindi and regional language media outlets were taken into account. Further still we must also account for the fact that a lot of incidents involving fraud go unreported. A total of 164 cases of fraud have been reported since the scheme’s launch in September 2011 that currently has around 1.2 billion people currently enrolled. Nature of fraud The incidents mainly involve the forgery, counterfeiting and outright theft of Aadhaar card information for a variety of reasons - purchasing SIM cards, securing loans, transferring assets, and receiving handouts from the government. Around 52 out of the 73 cases recorded as of May 2018 centre on the use of fake or forged Aadhaar card information or the use of fake details to get an Aadhaar card. The remainder involve the use of stolen or fake Aadhaar card data in banking transactions. For example, in March, an investigation by the Mumbai police uncovered the opening of <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/40-bank-accounts-opened-using-forged-documents-in-mumbai-used-for-export-import-business/story-7JpH2wGBI4SwlIBnmhBdcL.html">around 40 bank accounts </a>with stolen Aadhaar card details. The accounts were opened for the purpose of financing an import-export business. Lack of awareness A significant portion of these frauds is due to the lack of awareness people have regarding their <keyword id="6355135" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Privacy">privacy</keyword> and identity rights. Those enrolled on the Aadhaar scheme aren’t completely aware of what they can and can’t share with third parties and government agencies, as well as all the ways their information can be misused. If it can happen to anyone, people usually assume the odds of it happening to them are very low. Furthermore, the biometric authentication aspect of the programme is itself flawed. As per documents from the <keyword id="6354977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword>, the UIDAI itself admitted that authentication failure rates for transactions through <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NfVQfq_dMkXrjD9bQxVAQ51yangsCwo1/view">fingerprints and irises were 6% and 8.5%,</a> respectively. Last month, a 38-day hearing over the privacy and <keyword id="145060" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="data-security">data security</keyword> issues of the Aadhaar scheme came to an end. While a verdict on the constitutional validity of the scheme is expected within the next few months, the Supreme Court did declare that the scheme needed <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aadhaar-lacks-regulatory-oversight-supreme-court/articleshow/64117381.cms">more effective regulatory oversight.</a>

India's biometric identification system is becoming increasingly susceptible to fraud

<ul><li>The deadline for <keyword id="4596360" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="pan-aadhar-linking">PAN-Aadhar linking</keyword> has been extended to 31 March 2019. </li><li>It might have been done because the Supreme Court supported the activists’ argument to push back the deadlines. </li><li>Despite the fact that the deadline has been extended for the fifth time, only about 16.65 crore out of the 33 crore existing PANs have been linked with Aadhaar up till March this year. </li></ul> The <keyword id="121964" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Central-Board-of-Direct-Taxes">Central Board of Direct Taxes</keyword> (CBDT) has issued an order under Section 119 of the Income Tax Act, stating that the deadline for PAN-Aadhar linking has been extended to 31 March 2019. The announcement was made this Saturday night, just a few hours before the end of the previous deadline. Despite the fact that the deadline has been extended for the fifth time, only about 16.65 crore out of the 33 crore existing PANs had been linked with Aadhaar, up till March this year. The earlier deadlines for the PAN-Aadhar linking were 31 July, 31 August and 31 December 2017 followed by 31 March and 30 June of this year. India had launched Aadhaar back in 2009 and it has now become the world's biggest biometric database. Section 139AA of the Income Tax Act, 1961, which came into effect from 1 July 2017, mandated that all taxpayers having an Aadhaar card must link it with their PAN. The biometric card would also be required to file income tax returns and to get a new <keyword id="74488" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PAN-card">PAN card</keyword>. The provision was incorporated to check tax evasion through the use of multiple PAN cards. Activists have challenged the validity of the Aadhaar law, claiming that linking their <keyword id="155319" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aadhar">Aadhar</keyword> card for various purposes put their privacy at stake and thereby, violated their fundamental Right to Privacy. They also argue that Aadhar linking leaves room for misuse of their fingerprint and iris scans. The activists had filed petitions and moved court against this law. The five judges hearing the petitions had concluded the case in May but have not yet delivered the ruling regarding whether Aadhaar should be made mandatory for welfare schemes and financial transactions, or not. CBDT said that the announcement for extending the deadline has been made after "consideration of the matter". However, it seems that it was done because the Supreme Court, which has heard several petitions against the Aadhaar law, had supported arguments to push back the deadlines before the court gives a final verdict. Photo by: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/PS8L_gmzW_4?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Annie Spratt</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/search/photos/india?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>,

Deadline for PAN-Aadhar linking extended for a fifth time, new date is 31 March 2019

<ul><li>A five-member bench of India’s <keyword id="6354977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword>, led by outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra, upheld the constitutional validity of the Aadhar ID programme. </li><li>Enrollment in the programme has been made necessary for filing tax returns. </li><li>However, in light of the threats to an individual’s <keyword id="6355135" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Privacy">privacy</keyword>, a number of provisions of the Aadhar Act of 2016 were struck down. </li><li>Indians don’t have to hand over their <keyword id="144117" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="AADHAAR">Aadhaar</keyword> info when opening up bank accounts or getting a mobile subscription. In addition, Section 33(2) of the act, which mandates disclosure of Aadhaar details for the purposes of national security was scrapped. </li></ul>After four months and 38 days of hearings, the matter has been laid to rest. On 26 September, a five-member bench of India’s Supreme Court, led by outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra, upheld the constitutional validity of the Aadhar ID programme, voting 4-1 in favour of the scheme, and allowed its passage as a money bill. In a verdict read by Justice AK Sikri, the scheme was said to empower the marginalised sections of Indian society. The bench also found that the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the government agency in charge of the scheme, had taken adequate measures to prevent the card from being duplicated. Enrollment in the programme was also made necessary for filing tax returns through linking with PAN cards. However, in light of the threats to an individual’s privacy, a number of provisions of the Aadhaar Act of 2016 were struck down. Section 33(2) which mandates disclosure of Aadhaar details for the purposes of national security was scrapped, as was Section 57, under which private companies are allowed to ask for a citizen’s Aadhaar details in order to provide services. This means that Indians don’t have to hand over their Aadhaar info when opening up bank accounts or getting a mobile subscription. Infact, telecom companies have been ordered to delete all the Aadhaar details of their customers. Additionally, educational institutions will not be allowed to ask for the Aadhaar details of prospective students. An expected outcome? While it may have seemed far from a foregone conclusion, there was no way that the Supreme Court could undo the world’s largest biometric identification programme and make the government start from scratch, especially in light of the scheme’s progress so far and the amount invested, which is estimated at around ₹88 billion. Despite the amount of data leaks and growing privacy concerns, the scheme has enrolled 1.2 billion Indians and allowed a lot of people to access government services. In retrospect, the scheme was always going to be modified to incorporate <keyword id="145060" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="data-security">data security</keyword> protocols and to allow citizens the option of enrolling. The modifications to the scheme also reflected a landmark decision made by the Supreme Court in August last year, when it declared that privacy was a fundamental right.

The Aadhaar ID programme is here to stay but with some modifications

<ul><li><keyword id="6354977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword> issues announcement.</li><li>Aadhaar is not necessary for a new <keyword id="6427652" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="sim">SIM</keyword> connection.</li><li>Other documents are also valid for KYC (know-your-customer).</li></ul> The uncertainty comes to an end with the Supreme Court finally <a href="http://www.bgr.in/news/aadhaar-verification-mobile-sim-card-not-mandatory-government-india-dot-clarifies/" data-type="tilCustomLink">clarifying</a> that users don’t need an <keyword id="155319" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Aadhar">Aadhar</keyword> card, the 12-digit unique identification number issued by the <keyword id="86474" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Unique-Identification-Authority-of-India">Unique Identification Authority of India</keyword> (<keyword id="6355252" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="uidai">UIDAI</keyword>), in order to attain a new mobile SIM nationwide. The announcement says that driving licences, passports and voter ID cards are also perfectly acceptable forms of identification for getting a SIM connection. The telecom operators haven’t confirmed their compliance but, the government is taking the issue seriously nonetheless. During the past few months, due to the lack of clarification, several complaints had been reported by consumers not being able to get a new connection due to the lack of an <keyword id="6356006" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aadhaar-card">Aadhaar card</keyword>. The issue of the Aadhar card being mandatory was not only an obstacle for Indians, but also for NRIs and foreigners who were traversing through the country. Arun Sundararajan, Telecom secretary, explained that the reason they’ve made this announcement is to ensure that consumers aren’t inconvenienced any further. She added, “The ministry has issued instructions to all telecom companies, asking not to deny a SIM card to any individual who does not have an Aadhaar number. We have to ask them to accept other forms of KYC (know-your-customer) documents, and continue to issue SIM cards.” This development comes after the Supreme Court extended the deadline on their final verdict from March 31 indefinitely. Their final standing on the matter is still pending and they haven’t issued any tentative plans for an announcement.

Supreme Court clarifies that Aadhar isn’t mandatory for a new SIM connection

<ul><li>The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has scrapped its plan to monitor and track citizens on social media — and has no plans of doing so in the future.</li><li>A tender floated by UIDAI in July 2018 invited social media agencies to employ a ‘social listening tool’ to monitor and address ‘negative sentiments’.</li><li>The proposal undermined Aadhar’s sole purpose of accommodating social welfare has been accused of violating the fundamental rights to privacy, freedom of speech, liberty and equality.</li></ul>The Unique Identification Authority of India (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indian-government-portal-leaks-8-9mn-aadhaar-details-again/articleshow/63924186.cms">UIDAI</a>), which manages the biometric identities of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nine-years-later-80-of-indians-are-still-not-convinced-the-worlds-largest-biometric-id-system-is-secure/articleshow/64406235.cms">more than a billion Indians</a>, is going back on its plan to monitor social media — for good. The Attorney General told the Supreme Court that UIDAI is withdrawing its tender and won’t be floating anything along the same lines in the future, according to <a href="https://barandbench.com/social-media-monitoring-tender-for-monitoring-agency-withdrawn-uidai-to-supreme-court/">Bar&amp;Bench</a>. The <a href="https://uidai.gov.in/images/tenders/RFPSocialMediaHQ-18072018.pdf">tender</a>, issued in July 2018, invited companies to help the apex agency employ a ‘social listening tool’ to track and monitor online conversations relating to Aadhaar. It was floated as UIDAI looking for a social media agency to manage its online platforms. The tender was then accused of violating the constitutional rights to privacy, equality, personal liberty and the freedom of speech. Here are all the reasons why it was a good call for UIDAI backtrack on its plan:

The agency behind the world's largest biometric identification system drops its plan to monitor online activity

<ul><li>India the second most affected country by <keyword id="2232456" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="spam-calls">spam calls</keyword> in 2018. </li><li>While the overall numbers were not disclosed, an average Indian user received nearly 22 spam calls a month. </li><li>Nearly 90% of the calls were from operators or telecom service providers for promoting their services or products. </li></ul>From relentless requests to apply for credits cards to promoting an unknown product, spam calls have been troubling mobile users in India for years now. Such unwanted calls aren’t just annoying, they also expose users to risks of financial scams. An average Indian user was bugged by 22.3 spam calls a month making India the second most affected country by spam calls in 2018, said an annual report from mobile ID recognition app, <a href="https://blog.truecaller.com/2018/12/18/truecaller-insights-the-top-20-countries-affected-by-spam-calls-in-2018/#more-5848">Truecaller.</a> Speaking about the sources of these calls, the report pointed out that most of the calls received by Indians were from operators and telecom service providers who would brag about their services and recent offers. However, in total, the average number of spam calls registered in India has declined by 1.5% in comparison to the previous year. While the report did not reveal the total number of calls received by the whole country but it did say that “volume-wise, India receives the most spam calls in the world,” The Telecom regulatory authority of India (TRAI) has earlier tried to resolve the problem by introducing a new set of rules including penalty and taking user’s permission prior to making such calls. TRAI has also introduced the Do-Not-Disturb for mobile users. See more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/here-are-the-most-controversial-data-breaches-of-2018-that-affected-indian-users/articleshow/67148364.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Here are the most controversial data breaches of 2018 that affected Indian users</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unique-identification-program-aadhaar-sees-a-big-drop-in-authentication-use-after-supreme-court-verdict/articleshow/66931607.cms">India’s unique identification program Aadhaar sees a big drop in ‘authentication’ use after Supreme Court verdict</a>

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India’s unique identification program Aadhaar sees a big drop in ‘authentication’ use after Supreme Court verdict

BI India Bureau

India will amend laws to allow voluntary submission of citizens’ biometric Aadhaar ID to private companies

BI India Bureau

10 landmark judgements India’s Supreme Court passed in 2018

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Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde⁠ — his key verdicts and other unknown details

Sriram Iyer

What does the supreme court verdict on Aadhaar mean for Indian citizens?

Prabhjote Gill

India's biometric identification system is becoming increasingly susceptible to fraud

Dilsher Dhillon

Deadline for PAN-Aadhar linking extended for a fifth time, new date is 31 March 2019

BI India Bureau

The Aadhaar ID programme is here to stay but with some modifications

Dilsher Dhillon

Supreme Court clarifies that Aadhar isn’t mandatory for a new SIM connection

Prabhjote Gill

The agency behind the world's largest biometric identification system drops its plan to monitor online activity

Prabhjote Gill

India is the second most-plagued country by spam calls, says Truecaller

BI India Bureau

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