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If reports are to be believed, <keyword id="2707285" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bharatiya-Nabhikiya-Vidyut-Nigam-Limited">Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</keyword> (<keyword id="2263493" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bhavini">BHAVINI</keyword>), which is the implementing arm of the Department of Atomic Energy, is planning to construct six new <keyword id="3157588" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Fast-Breeder-Reactors">Fast Breeder Reactors</keyword> (FBRs) over the next 15 years. 
 India's first 500-MWe <keyword id="1810440" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="prototype-fast-breeder-reactor">Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor</keyword> (<keyword id="81647" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="PFBR">PFBR</keyword>), situated at Kalpakkam, around 70 km from Chennai, is expected to become critical in March or April next year, as per <keyword id="2707284" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="P-Chellapandi">P Chellapandi</keyword>, BHAVINI’s Chairman and Managing Director. 
 
Chellapandi was speaking to reporters on sidelines of an International Conference, which is organised by Nuclear Fuel Complex. He further continued, "We are planning two more reactors. Once after one year of successful operation of this PFBR, we have to watch, then we will seek government sanction for construction of two 600 MW reactors at Kalpakkam. With the two proposed 600 MWs, we are optimising and constructing higher power with same costs." 
 
"Afterwards we have to think of new places for putting four more units. The site selection committee is choosing some places and are studying suitable size. Immediate vision is to construct two FBRs at Kalpakkam and four more beyond 2030," Chellapandi added. 
 The construction of PFBR, which is designed by Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, is over and is impending clearance from the <keyword id="6540613" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Atomic-Energy-Regulatory-Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</keyword> (<keyword id="60783" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="AERB">AERB</keyword>) in phases for sodium charging, fuel loading, reactor criticality and power rising (generation). 
 
"AERB had already sent many specialists to the PFBR and we are also going for review process. Some experts are going to meet this month and we are likely to get clearance for sodium charging. After this we have to get clearance for fuel loading and that may happen in January-February and the reactor may become critical in March or April 2016," Chellapandi said. 
 
The prototype fast breeder reactor uses MOX fuel, which is a combination of plutonium and uranium oxide. 
 
"We will replace some bundles with actual fuel bundles then reactor/unit may become critical. By March or April, chain reaction will be sustained. It will be neutronically commissioned (by putting fuel and generating power) by April," he said. 
 
<a href="http://cdn.youthkiawaaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/26/heres-must-say-nuclear-energy-india/nuclear-plant.jpg">Image source</a>

Clean Energy Push: Six more nuclear reactors to be added to India’s fleet of 21

<ul><li>India's nuclear power plant in Kudankulam was breached by North Korean hackers looking for information on thorium-based reactors — an alternative to using uranium. </li><li>India is currently the leader in commercialising the use of thorium as a safer and more efficient alternative. </li><li>Use of thorium-based reactors would make North Korea's use of nuclear power less threatening since, unlike uranium, it does not produce plutonium needed to make weapons. </li></ul>India's nuclear power plant in Kudankulam — the largest nuclear power plant in the country — was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indian-nuclear-plant-hack-is-only-one-small-part-of-a-much-bigger-operation-according-to-a-cybersecurity-expert/articleshow/72033253.cms">recently infiltrated by North Korean hackers</a>. They were after the country's research and data on thorium-based reactors. The hackers had the ability to cause damage, but chose to retrieve data instead. The hackers, speculated to be the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/while-trump-was-meeting-with-kim-jong-un-in-vietnam-north-korean-hackers-reportedly-attacked-targets-in-the-us-and-elsewhere/amp_articleshow/68266372.cms">Lazarus Group</a> — a cyber arm of the North Korean government — were spying on the nuclear power plant to find out how India was developing its thorium technology, according to the Indian government and an analysis by cybersecurity firm Issue Makers Lab. India's lead on Thorium Thorium can be used to fuel nuclear reactors, just like uranium. Only, it's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/A-forgotten-war-technology-could-safely-power-Earth-for-millions-of-years-Heres-why-we-arent-using-it/articleshow/57347151.cms">safer and more efficient</a> than its counterpart. And since it has a higher concentration than uranium — it also costs less and yields less damage to the environment. India <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-is-indiainvesting-in-nuclear-energy-when-the-whole-world-is-experiencing-a-nuclearmeltdown/articleshow/58094501.cms">leads the pack</a> when it comes to commercialising the use of thorium. It aims to fuel 30% of the country's electricity demand using thorium-based reactors by 2050. Even their point of access was an expert on thorium-based reactors, S.A. Bhardwaj — a former chairman of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). <div type="twitter" handle="issuemakerslab" handlename="IssueMakersLab" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1190542970988253185/2oKl0RiW_normal.jpg" favoritecount="87" retweetcount="61" status="North Korea has been interested in the thorium based nuclear power, which to replace the uranium nuclear power. Ind… https://t.co/g4dUBr3Mkn" createdat="1572680497000" id="1190534411231490049"></div>

 Thorium can't be used to build bombs One of the key benefits of using thorium over uranium is that thorium reactors don't produce plutonium — the element needed to make a nuke. If North Korea were to use thorium instead of uranium, the world would no longer speculate that its use nuclear power is being used to develop weapons. It's also possible to use thorium to breed uranium. This type of reaction also will not create plutonium while making uranium more efficient for energy production. In the past, North Korean hackers have breached the Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power (KHNP) and the Belgium nuclear research center, SCK.CEN. They also attacked scholars around the world who published papers on <keyword id="8325278" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="thorium-energy">thorium energy</keyword>. As of today, there aren't any operational thorium reactors in the world, which makes the information all the more valuable since India is hoping to be the first. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indian-nuclear-plant-hack-is-only-one-small-part-of-a-much-bigger-operation-according-to-a-cybersecurity-expert/articleshow/72033253.cms">Indian nuclear plant hack is only one small part of a much 'bigger' operation, according to a cybersecurity expert</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/whatsapp-confirms-indian-activists-and-journalists-were-hacked-as-nso-claims-its-contractually-prohibited/articleshow/71831583.cms">WhatsApp confirms Indian activists and journalists were hacked as NSO claims it's 'contractually prohibited'</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/whatsapp-hacker-pegasus-spyware-attacked-100-others/articleshow/71851228.cms">The shadowy firm behind WhatsApp hack is involved in 100 other spyware attacks</a>

Here's why North Korean hackers attacked India's nuclear power plant

According to an <keyword id="6355988" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Assocham">Assocham</keyword> study, <keyword id="6354780" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="Karnataka">Karnataka</keyword> has been ranked as the country's top job creating state with over 24 per cent share during the fourth quarter of the last fiscal. 
 It is followed by <keyword id="13126" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</keyword> (23 per cent) and <keyword id="20154" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="tamil-nadu">Tamil Nadu</keyword> (10.5 per cent), said the study. 
 
Information technology (IT) sector created about 57 per cent of about nine lakh job openings recorded between January-March, 2016, followed by services (19 per cent) and manufacturing (11 per cent), according to the report. 
 
Banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector accounted for just over eight per cent share followed by construction and real estate (3.5 per cent share). 
 
Within Karnataka, ITEs accounted for over 65 per cent share in job openings across the state followed by services (16 per cent), manufacturing (eight per cent), BFSI (six per cent) and construction and real estate sector (2.5 per cent). 
 
The Assocham Economic Research Bureau (AERB) had analysed the data sourced from vacancies posted by companies via various job portals together with advertisements offering employment opportunities published in national and regional dailies across India. 
 
Karnataka had recorded 2.16 lakh job openings in the first quarter of the last fiscal followed by Maharashtra (two lakh), Tamil Nadu (93,000), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana region combined (82,000) and Haryana (72,000). 
 Sector-wise, Karnataka leads in terms of job openings in ITES sector with 28 per share in over five lakh <keyword id="11018" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Jobs">jobs</keyword> created by the sector followed by Maharashtra (20.5 per cent), Tamil Nadu (11 per cent), Andhra Pradesh-Telangana (10 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (eight per cent), it said. 
 
Services sector recorded 1.69 lakh jobs in January-March quarter of 2015-16 with Maharashtra accounting for the "lion's share" of about 24 per cent followed by Karnataka (21 per cent), Haryana (8.4 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (8.2 per cent) and Andhra Pradesh-Telangana (8.1 per cent). 
 
In manufacturing sector, Maharashtra has recorded highest share with 22.5 per cent in over 99,000 job openings, followed by Karnataka (19 per cent), Tamil Nadu (12 per cent), Andhra Pradesh-Telangana (nine per cent) and Gujarat (eight per cent). 
 
Maharashtra also topped with highest share in job openings recorded in BFSI and construction and real estate with a share of about 31 per cent in both sectors each, while Karnataka followed with a share of 18 per cent and 17 per cent respectively, it added.

Karnataka is the country's highest job creator, says study

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/35068899@N03/8386517520/">IAEA Imagebank / Flickr</a>Kudankulam <keyword id="41759" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nuclear">nuclear</keyword> power plant</div>If the 1984 Soviet Chernobyl disaster and, more recently, the destruction of Japan’s 11 March 2011 six reactor Fukushima Daiichi Tokyo Energy Power Co. installation, proved anything to the global community, aside from frantic assertions by the authorities that the public threat was minimal, it was that radioactive pollution is a trans-national issue.
The latest international nuclear spat is occurring between Sri Lanka and <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> over the latter’s imminent completion of its Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. India’s government has dismissed as "baseless" the reports here about radiation leaks at the yet to be commissioned Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu, saying it has a robust regulatory mechanism to ensure safe operation, with an Indian High Commission statement stating, "These reports are totally baseless. There has been no radiation leak at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. It is reiterated that safety is accorded utmost attention in Nuclear Power Plants and encompasses the entire gamut of activities associated with these NPPs," adding that various works and commissioning tests and regulatory procedures are progressing, in line with oversight by India’s <a href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-21/news/37221880_1_aerb-kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-atomic-energy-regulatory-board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</a>. The AERB reviews the various reports of performance tests and accords clearance for the next stage to ensure safe operation. Related article: <a href="http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Who-will-Pay-for-Nuclear-Power-Plant-Cleanup.html">Who will Pay for Nuclear Power Plant Cleanup?</a><a href="http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Who-will-Pay-for-Nuclear-Power-Plant-Cleanup.html"></a> The facility is a poster child for India’s desperate efforts to ramp up its electrical generating facilities. India sees nuclear power as a shortcut to alleviating its energy shortages, adding Kudankulam to its current six NPPs, containing 20 reactors which generate 4,780 megawatts, with an additional seven NPPs expected to generate an additional 5,300 megawatts. The $2.5 billion, Kudankulam NPP in Tamil Nadu state will house six 1,200 megawatt and two 1,000 megawatt reactors.
Kudankulam NPP has been controversial since its inception. Last August no less a personage than Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh questioned India’s Department of Atomic Energy about <a href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/kudankulam-nuclear-plant-hits-new-hurdle-pm-asks-who-will-pay-for-mishap-250419">liability</a> for the NPP and who will pay if there is a mishap at the Kudankulam NPP. Adding to the anxieties of Indian nuclear power proponents is the fact that Singh is also India’s Minister for Atomic Energy.
The question of liability also extends to one of India’s closest trading partners, the Russian Federation, whose Atomstroieksport company constructed the NPP. When in 1988 an agreement for the Kudankulam NPP was signed between India and the (then) USSR for Kudankulam’s number 1 and 2 reactors, India had yet to draft a Nuclear Liability Bill, so the contract maintained that the Indian side, as the operator, would be fully responsible for any damage caused by a nuclear incident.
But the Nuclear Liability Bill legislation was passed in 2010 and provided that the supplier is also liable if the equipment is faulty. So, under the Nuclear Liability Bill, the operator, India, can claim damages from the supplier in such a case. The Russians have sought that the provisions of the pre-Nuclear Bill agreement of 2008 be extended to the next phases, unit 3 and 4, of the project as well and have brought this up at several high-level bilateral meetings, but Singh is resisting. Related article: <a href="http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Iran-Announces-Discovery-of-Huge-Uranium-Deposits.html">Iran Announces Discovery of Huge Uranium Deposits</a><a href="http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Iran-Announces-Discovery-of-Huge-Uranium-Deposits.html"></a> Back to Sri Lanka.
On 21 February the Indian High Commission in <a href="http://www.colombopage.com/archive_13A/Feb21_1361465648CH.php">Colombo</a> dismissed Sri Lankan media reports on leaks having developed in critical equipment of the Kudankulam NPP, stating, "The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is a state-of-the-art plant that is compliant with the highest safety standards available in the nuclear industry today. The safety measures instituted at the plant are of the highest order."
India and Sri Lanka have an <a href="http://www.dailynews.lk/2013/02/23/news04.asp">ongoing dialogue</a> on cooperation in nuclear energy, issues including in the areas of isotope hydrology, radio-tracer studies and dam safety, and an Indian delegation is scheduled to visit Sri Lanka in the near future for the second round of dialogue on these and other areas of potential cooperation, including safety.
So, obviously, nothing to see here – yet, move along. By. John C.K Daly of <keyword id="1763642" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="OilPrice-com">Oilprice.com</keyword>
<a href="http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Indian-Nuclear-Power-Plant-Sparks-International-Fears.html">Read more...</a>
Read more posts on <a href="http://oilprice.com/">OilPrice.com »</a>

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Clean Energy Push: Six more nuclear reactors to be added to India’s fleet of 21

BI India Bureau

Here's why North Korean hackers attacked India's nuclear power plant

Prabhjote Gill

Karnataka is the country's highest job creator, says study

BI India Bureau

India's Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant Has Been A Magnet For Controversy Since Day 1

Oilprice.com

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