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New Delhi: The <keyword id="20072894" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rural-economy" source="keywords">Rural economy</keyword> of <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword> has emerged as a significant driver of <keyword id="19900794" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economic-growth" source="keywords">economic growth</keyword>, outpacing urban areas largely due to increased <keyword id="20155204" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="government-spending" source="keywords">government spending</keyword> in the recent quarters, highlighted a report by <keyword id="20548750" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Anand-Rathi" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Anand Rathi" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Anand Rathi">Anand Rathi</keyword>, a financial service company. "<keyword id="20109648" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rural-india" source="keywords">Rural India</keyword> continues to outpace urban areas in growth, largely due to a significant rise in government spending in rural regions in the last quarter," said the report. For the coming months, the report stated that the growth trend in the rural economy is expected to continue, although a moderation in growth may occur. It also added that the favourable monsoon conditions and improved sowing data are anticipated to sustain the upward trajectory in <keyword id="19931574" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rural-demand" source="keywords">rural demand</keyword>, providing a buffer against potential economic uncertainties. "We expect this growth to moderate following the elections, favourable monsoon conditions and improved sowing data should sustain the upward trend in rural demand". The report also highlighted that the government's ambitious capital expenditure plans, amounting to Rs 11.1 trillion, are expected to stimulate infrastructure development, further enhancing rural economic prospects The rural economy plays a crucial role in the development of the country because a majority of the population still resides in rural areas. As per the Economic Survey of 2022-2023 around 65 per cent of India's population lived in rural areas in 2021. The report also highlighted that India stands out among emerging economies due to its strong GDP growth. Last year, India grew by more than 8 per cent, and the <keyword id="19899808" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="RBI" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="RBI">RBI</keyword> expects a 7.2 per cent growth rate for FY25. The financial outlook is positive, with efforts to cut the fiscal deficit to 4.5 per cent. The report also noted that India's credit rating may improve because of the strong tax revenue and a large dividend from the RBI which will lead to a lower fiscal deficit than expected. "The fiscal outlook appears promising, with continued focus on reducing the fiscal deficit toward the 4.5 per cent target. Strong tax collections and a substantial RBI dividend may enable the fiscal deficit to come in lower than expected, which could potentially lead to an improved sovereign rating" said the report.

Rural economy is driving India's growth, Govt capex in infra will stimulate it: Anand Rathi report

The decline in <keyword id="22920992" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="loan-to-deposit-ratios" source="keywords">loan-to-deposit ratios</keyword> (LDR) within the banking system has been attributed to lower <keyword id="22920578" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="money-creation" source="keywords">money creation</keyword> by the <keyword id="6354335" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reserve-Bank-of-India" source="Orion">Reserve Bank of India</keyword> (<keyword id="30067" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI" source="Orion">RBI</keyword>) and higher <keyword id="20335010" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="profits" source="keywords">profits</keyword> accrued by banks over the past two years, according to <keyword id="2258232" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nomura-report" source="Orion">Nomura report</keyword>. One of the contributors to the decline in systemic LDR is the lower net money creation by the RBI over the fiscal year 2023-24. Cumulative net fresh money creation during this period amounted to only Rs 0.6 trillion, a contrast to approximately Rs 20 trillion created in the three fiscal years preceding it (FY20-22). This represents a drop in money supply compared to previous years. In the fiscal year 2023-24, the net money creation by the RBI was virtually neutral, recording -1 per cent in FY23 and +1 per cent in FY24, against a 20-year average of +3 per cent and a higher +4-5 per cent in the earlier three years. This moderation in money supply, a discretionary move by the RBI, has had a notable impact on the LDR, limiting the ability of banks to expand their lending relative to deposits. Another crucial factor influencing the decline in LDR is the substantial increase in <keyword id="387788" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bank-profits" source="Orion">bank profits</keyword> over the last two years. In FY24, the total profit of banks was 1.8 per cent of the previous year's deposits, a rise from the average of 0.1 per cent observed between FY16-20. This increase in profitability, while indicative of strong financial performance, has led to a reduction in deposits as banks appropriate a larger portion of these profits. The relationship between bank profits and deposits is intrinsic; banks generate profits from their operations, which are ultimately derived from depositors' funds. As banks' profits rise, the balance sheet needs to be adjusted accordingly, often leading to a reduction in deposits. Consequently, higher profits can result in a diminished deposit base, further impacting the LDR. The elevated LDR, driven by these factors, should be viewed as a cyclical phenomenon rather than a systemic issue. The argument that banks are failing to mobilize deposits or that money is being diverted elsewhere is misplaced. Instead, flows into capital markets and the muted growth in currency in circulation over the past two years do not directly impact system deposits. Banks have continued to create deposits through credit expansion, and the factors leading to the higher LDR are beyond their control. The lower money creation by the RBI is a cyclical issue that is expected to correct over time, while the higher bank profits reflect a positive trend rather than a problem.

Lower money creation by RBI, substantial rise in banks profits behind decline in loan-to-deposits ratios in banks: Nomura

If you open X or TikTok right now, you might be convinced that Vice President<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/business-leaders-that-kamala-harris-could-recruit-for-cabinet-2024-10"> Kamala Harris</a> is going to win the presidential election in a landslide. Donald Trump's lead is disappearing, even in red states, people say, pointing to fringe polls and purported quotes from campaign insiders. Florida and Texas are turning blue. More women and young people have registered to vote. And some believe the stars are aligning and astrological clues point to her definitive ascendence to the top job.Or, depending on what your feed looks like, you might see that Trump has this one in the bag. These believers cite a flood of MAGA hats in California, or a phalanx of children dressed as Trump (and, disturbingly, Trump's would-be assassin) for Halloween in blue Philadelphia. Or that there's less support for Harris among some demographics in swing states compared to when President <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-biden-maga-supporters-puerto-rico-election-2024-10">Joe Biden</a> won in 2020. New Hampshire and Virginia are turning red. Even X owner and Trump megadonor Elon Musk is extrapolating and framing early voting data to prematurely declare the prized swing state of Pennsylvania "will be a decisive Republican victory."In an election cycle where national and swing-state polls have been neck and neck for weeks, voters are taking to X and TikTok to confidently declare their candidate will win decisively. It's a response to a time of extreme anxiety and uncertainty, when Americans are more polarized than ever and have been told "this will be the last election" if their candidate does not win. There are maps covered in blue and opposing ones covered in red, with Electoral College predictions swaying wildly. "Harris is about to win in a blowout," one says. Others, Musk included, point to an electoral map based on Polymarket election-betting odds, rather than polls, as evidence that Trump will win. Each individual post might not be so significant — if it weren't for powerful algorithms on TikTok and X that relentlessly push such posts out to others.This is the type of content that social sites' algorithms have long loved. Social-media conversations gather around extremes. People at the farthest ends of the ideological spectrum are most likely to post their views on social media, a 2021 study from the Pew Research Center found. Social platforms' algorithms reward "this strong confidence and extreme opinions and engenders extreme reactions," says Ioana Literat, an associate professor at Columbia University's Teachers College and the coauthor of "Not Your Parents' Politics: Understanding Young People's Political Expression on Social Media." "If there's a video that says, 'Polls are too close to tell,' that's not going to be the post that gets the most likes."While the algorithms are in part to blame, we also have a deeply human aversion to uncertainty. To quiet the noise, we surround ourselves with others who feel confident that our shared candidate will win.Other social platforms have sought to disentangle themselves from this kind of divisive political speech. In 2016, much brazen political dialogue took place on Facebook, where your opinionated uncle posted misinformation with abandon. For the past few years, Meta has pushed news out of Facebook feeds. And earlier this year, the company made further moves to de-emphasize political content on Instagram, Facebook, and Threads. All of this follows accusations that Facebook basically "destroyed democracy," as Megan Smith, the former chief technology officer of the United States, put it. Despite the efforts to change, deceptive political ads are still widespread on Facebook and Instagram, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/facebook-instagram-meta-deceptive-political-ads-election">ProPublica reported</a> this week. Meta's "enforcement systems had already detected and disabled a large portion of the Pages — and we reviewed and took action against the remainder of these Pages for various policy violations," Tracy Clayton, a Meta spokesperson, said in a statement to ProPublica.Since the 2016 and 2020 elections, the political reach of both X and TikTok have grown. A recent <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/10/29/elon-musk-x-republican-democrat-twitter-election/?pwapi_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJyZWFzb24iOiJnaWZ0IiwibmJmIjoxNzMwMTc0NDAwLCJpc3MiOiJzdWJzY3JpcHRpb25zIiwiZXhwIjoxNzMxNTYwMzk5LCJpYXQiOjE3MzAxNzQ0MDAsImp0aSI6ImRjZjEzNDYxLTBlNjEtNGNhYy1hODE2LTMxNmIyZmRiNDcyMiIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lndhc2hpbmd0b25wb3N0LmNvbS90ZWNobm9sb2d5LzIwMjQvMTAvMjkvZWxvbi1tdXNrLXgtcmVwdWJsaWNhbi1kZW1vY3JhdC10d2l0dGVyLWVsZWN0aW9uLyJ9._swxWtRAVNu7JUVWoRNfQo9uNEN8IbkWnVcw-C_22eg">Washington Post analysis</a> of X published this week found that Republican leaders are gaining followers and going viral more often since Musk took over the platform. A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/x-twitter-political-content-election-2024-28f2dadd">Wall Street Journal analysis</a> found that newly created X accounts were often fed political content, even if they signed up looking for other topics, and that content leaned more heavily toward pro-Trump sentiments. (X did not respond to a request to comment on this story.) Meanwhile, half of the 18- to 29-year-olds surveyed by the Pew Research Center saying they watch political content on TikTok. A TikTok spokesperson declined to comment for this story but directed me to a webpage that says TikTok's policy is to label "unverified election claims, make them ineligible for recommendation, and prompt people to reconsider before sharing them."The overconfident rhetoric isn't just polarizing; it could have more dangerous implications. "If one side is expecting the race to be a blowout and the other side wins, that sort of lays the groundwork for broad support for challenging the results," says Sol Messing, a research associate professor at New York University's Center for Social Media and Politics. (Messing previously worked for Twitter but says he volunteered to be laid off when Musk bought the platform in 2022, and he refused severance to avoid signing a non-disparagement agreement.) "Parts of this may reflect this broader, far-right strategy," he added.On X, there is now an Election Integrity Community, launched by Musk's America PAC in late October. Here, people are encouraged to "share potential incidents of voter fraud or irregularities you see while voting in the 2024 election" — sightings they would typically report to official government agencies for investigation. Many of the recent posts show clear support for Trump in their claims of voting fraud and interference: On Thursday, one user posted photos of what appeared to be Ohio voting ballots with Trump's name misprinted. Election officials, however, say they have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/10/31/ohio-election-officials-say-altered-trump-name-on-ballot-likely-a-hoax/75969483007/">not seen such ballots</a>.While Trump has repeatedly said that the only way he'd lose is through election fraud, many posts from candidates and their famous endorsers don't express the same swaggering confidence we see across feeds. Ads for Harris on Instagram implore people to get to the polls and donate more money, calling it "an all-hands-on-deck moment." Michelle Obama says the race "is too close," and "we have to give it everything we've got." And even Trump is back to posting on X, urging people to vote early — a shift from 2020, when he demonized mail-in voting.No one on social media has the answer to what will happen in Tuesday's election. Anxiously reposting or liking election content may feel like the only thing we can do as the clock ticks down. "We know it's a period of really high anxiety," says Literat. "This is definitely shaped by the context. But it's also that content that really offers certainty or that resonates with hope or with fears that's spread more rapidly, too." For now, the best way to alleviate that anxiety might be to get off social media until Tuesday passes.<a target="_blank" rel="" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/amanda-hoover">Amanda Hoover</a> is a senior correspondent at Business Insider covering the tech industry. She writes about the biggest tech companies and trends.

Twitter and TikTok users' election projections are completely warped. Here's why.

India's government <keyword id="21309215" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="healthcare-spending" source="keywords">healthcare spending</keyword> appears to be on the rise, but a closer look reveals a concerning trend. While the headline figures might suggest an increase, the reality is a steady decline in health expenditure as a proportion of both the <keyword id="19936553" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget" source="keywords">budget</keyword> and GDP over the past five years (2018-19 to 2023-24). This decline is even starker when adjusted for inflation. In real terms, spending has barely kept pace since 2019-20. As a percentage of the total budget, health spending has shrunk from 2.4% in 2018-19 to just 1.9% in 2023-24. Similarly, the share of GDP allocated to health has fallen from 0.30% to 0.28%, as per a report from the Times of India. <h2>Growing expectations ahead of <keyword id="15478236" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget-2024" source="Orion">Budget 2024</keyword></h2>As the Finance Minister <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nirmala-sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> prepares to present the full budget for the current fiscal on July 23, the expectations from the health sector has only been growing. “The Union Budget 2024-25 is a pivotal moment for India's healthcare sector. Building on the ₹64,180 crores allocated in 2023-24 under the Pradhan Mantri Atmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana, we need enhanced tax incentives and financial support for healthcare startups to catalyze innovation. Significant investments in <keyword id="21226679" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-health-infrastructure" source="keywords">digital health infrastructure</keyword>, particularly AI, will improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency,” says Dr Sravani Reddy G, Founder &amp; CEO, Soprav Healthcare Consulting. “Strengthening public-private partnerships will improve healthcare accessibility and quality, leveraging private sector efficiency. Additionally, focused efforts on affordability and access, such as reducing out-of-pocket expenses and improving insurance coverage, are vital for a more equitable healthcare system.” “The healthcare sector in India is on the brink of excellence. There is an increased focus on treating unique patient cases, robotic surgeries, and increasing prominence of AI for accurate diagnosis. To reach the next phase, emphasis must be laid on innovation, research &amp; development, and infrastructure development. These are the foundations for India’s health sector to achieve an international standard of treatment for all,” hopes Joseph Pasangha, Group COO, SPARSH Hospital, Bengaluru. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111730426" title="Pan-India rollout of U-WIN to track routine immunisations likely by Aug end" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> <h2>Health tax not helping enough </h2>This situation is further complicated by the introduction of the <keyword id="22446013" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="health-cess" source="keywords">health cess</keyword> in 2018. This tax levy was intended to boost government spending on healthcare, particularly for the underprivileged. However, the collected funds seem to be merely filling the gap created by cuts to regular budgetary allocations for health. In 2022-23, over Rs 18,300 crore of the central government's health spending came from the health cess. Excluding this amount, the actual budgetary allocation for health stands at a concerning Rs 59,840 crore. This is lower than the pre-pandemic level of Rs 66,042 crore allocated in 2019-20, even without adjusting for inflation. <h2>Where's the money going?</h2>The intended purpose of the health cess seems to be falling short. In 2018, health spending accounted for 2.4% of the government's total expenditure. If this ratio had remained constant in 2023-24, the health budget should have been over Rs 1.07 lakh crore. Instead, the revised expenditure, including the health cess, stands at just Rs 83,400 crore. Even the additional allocations for the COVID-19 pandemic (Rs 10,655 crore and Rs 15,955 crore in 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively) cannot mask the overall decline. When combined with the regular health budget (excluding health cess), the total spending in these years still falls short of what it would have been if the 2.4% share of 2018-19 had been maintained. <h2>More for alternative medicine</h2>While the share allocated to Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga &amp; Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) has seen a significant increase, spending on crucial areas like health research has seen only marginal growth. Additionally, a major portion of research funding goes to the Indian Council of Medical Research, with only a temporary increase during the peak of the pandemic response. The most concerning decrease is in the allocation for health and family welfare, encompassing national programs, the National Health Mission, and health system strengthening. This critical area has seen a substantial decline in its share of both GDP and total budget expenditure, falling from a peak of over 2% in 2017-18 to a mere 1.7% in 2023-24. Excluding the health cess, this figure drops even further to 1.5%. <h2>What this means</h2>This decline in government health spending raises serious concerns about India's commitment to public healthcare, particularly for its most vulnerable populations. Increased investment in health is crucial for a growing nation like India, and a reversal of this downward trend is essential to ensure accessible and quality healthcare for all. The 2024 Interim Health Budget saw a boost in total healthcare expenditure from Rs. 79,221 crore to Rs. 90,171 crore. Experts have opined that The healthcare budget should encompass at least 2.5% of the total budget. But it remains to be seen how the exact picture will turn out to be on July 23. “The 2024-25 budget presents an opportunity to build on past successes while addressing shortcomings, ensuring that India's healthcare system remains resilient, innovative, and patient-centric. This budget can pave the way for a healthier, more equitable future for all," concludes Dr Reddy. (With inputs from TOI) <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111689743" title="Union Budget 2024: A handy FAQ guide to decode the upcoming budget" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Despite pandemic and growing health scares, India’s budget share for healthcare continues to decline

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="19903807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Elon-Musk" source="keywords">Elon Musk</keyword> purchased <keyword id="19959118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Twitter" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Twitter" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Twitter">Twitter</keyword> with a pledge to make it a bastion for <keyword id="20481495" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="free-speech" source="keywords">free speech</keyword>.</li><li>Musk quickly reinstated some previously suspended accounts, like for Alex Jones and Donald Trump.</li></ul>A new "transparency report" from <keyword id="19959117" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="X" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="X" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="X">X</keyword> might surprise anyone who has heard its owner, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk</a>, talk about <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/free-speech-elon-musk-wants-would-be-terrible-2023-12">the importance of free speech</a>. Before Musk bought Twitter in 2022, the social media site would release a report twice a year detailing statistics on data requests, copyright notices, user reports of violations, and suspensions. The "transparency reports" were typically 50 pages long or more. Three years after Musk took control of the company and rebranded it X, it has finally released a new transparency report. And the results are surprising. Under Musk's leadership, X has suspended over four times as many accounts in the first half of 2024 — 5.3 million — as Twitter ever did during similar periods. According to its transparency reports at the time, Twitter suspended almost 873,000 accounts in the last half of 2019. That number grew to about 1.3 million <keyword id="23342823" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="account-suspensions" source="keywords">account suspensions</keyword> in the latter half of 2021. The recent suspensions were related to child safety, abuse or harassment, and misleading identities, according to X. A spokesperson for X did not immediately respond to questions regarding the surge in suspended accounts. While he has reinstated some prominent accounts previously suspended by Twitter, like former President Donald Trump's and Infowars' <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alex-jones-infowars-free-speech-systems-auction-sandy-hook-bankruptcy-2024-9">Alex Jones</a>, Musk has newly suspended others, like the account of a student who <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/man-who-tracks-elon-musk-private-jet-permanently-banned-twitter-2022-12">tracked his private jet flights</a>. On Thursday, X also suspended journalist Ken Klippenstein's account after he published a 271-page dossier on JD Vance, Trump's running mate in the 2024 election. An X spokesperson told CNN that Klippenstein's suspension was triggered because it included the candidate's home address and part of his Social Security number. Musk <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-donald-trump-feud-relationship-timeline-2022-7">endorsed Trump</a> and has been rumored to be in the running for a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-trump-cabinet-election-x-2024-9">cabinet position</a> should Trump ultimately win. Though he has branded himself a free-speech absolutist, Musk has repeatedly capitulated to government demands to moderate the platform more heavily. After months of refusing to comply with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-x-brazil-free-speech-battle-over-2024-9">a Supreme Court order in Brazil</a> to remove accounts it deemed dangerous to its democracy, for instance, X finally acquiesced last week after hefty fines and a nationwide ban. Musk has also agreed to government requests for account takedowns in Turkey and India. Musk axed much of Twitter's staff after his purchase, including the trust and safety employees who <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/x-social-media-misinformation-swamping-fake-news-trust-safety-2023-10">dealt with misinformation</a> and other content moderation issues on the platform. A recent survey found <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-x-sentiment-trust-big-tech-2024-9">X to be the least trustworthy</a> tech company.

Elon Musk talks a lot about free speech. But account suspensions on X have skyrocketed.

Over the past few years, research has highlighted the immense influence of social media platforms on shaping personal beliefs, shaping political views and affecting social issues. So powerful is this influence, that these platforms are now being misused to spread <keyword id="19933162" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="misinformation" source="keywords">misinformation</keyword> and manipulate public opinion on different subjects. The apparent overload of misinformation on microblogging sites like <keyword id="19959118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Twitter" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Twitter" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Twitter">Twitter</keyword> (now X) may seem to be stemming from a huge army of politically-driven social media teams and bots. But a few years ago, a <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aap9559">study</a> confirmed that misinformation is spread mainly by real people compared to bots, with a 70% higher likelihood of false information getting 'retweeted' than truthful tweets. In 2022, after the billionaire <keyword id="19903807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Elon-Musk" source="keywords">Elon Musk</keyword> took over the social media giant, he got rid of a majority of Twitter's ‘content moderation’ teams across the world. Now, the platform takes a crowdsourcing approach to identifying misinformation through its feature called ‘community notes’. Building on our understanding on the spread of <keyword id="2635990" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="misinformation-on-social-media" source="Orion">misinformation on social media</keyword>, a team of analysts at Indiana University has now discovered that it takes only a few influencers to shift the beliefs and opinions of large audiences. The researchers describe these propagators as “superspreaders”. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Social media superspreaders: How a small group shapes public opinion" comment="subhead" text="Social media superspreaders: How a small group shapes public opinion">Social media <keyword id="21842591" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="superspreaders" source="keywords">superspreaders</keyword>: How a small group shapes public opinion</cmsannotation> Much like the superspreaders identified during the COVID-19 pandemic, online superspreaders can “infect” a vast number of people due to their reputations and followings. These purveyors of misinformation can range from pundits with large followings to less reputable media sources, along with affiliated personal accounts and various influencers. To delve deeper into their social media influence, the research team focused on Twitter. They gathered data over 10 months, analysing 23,97,388 tweets from 4,48,103 users, and identified tweets flagged for low credibility. Their analysis revealed that about one-third of low-credibility tweets came from just 10 accounts, and approximately 70% were posted by 1,000 accounts. While most superspreader accounts were untraceable to individuals, some high-profile users, such as politicians and influencers, were identifiable. The researchers noted that many superspreader accounts were deactivated during Twitter's 2020 crackdown on disinformation. However, this trend is reversing, with X adopting a new approach under Elon Musk's ownership. Although this study primarily targets the US, its findings hold relevance for social media users around the world, including those in India. Given the widespread propagation of misinformation across social media platforms, any insights gained from this research could serve to enlighten and empower worldwide users in combating this issue. This study was recently published in the journal PLOS ONE can be accessed <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0302201">here</a>.

A small number of ‘superspreaders’ are propagating most of the misinformation on Twitter, study finds

<ul><li>There is a 40% increase in the number of women entrepreneurs engaging in conversation related to entrepreneurship over <keyword id="6354616" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Twitter" source="Orion">Twitter</keyword>.</li><li>The Twitter report further says that conversations around investment have gained momentum by at least 62% as people seek financial advice on the platform.</li><li>People also want to get a deeper understanding of crypto, NFTs and other digital assets, showing a 185% increase in <keyword id="189908" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="financial-literacy" source="Orion">financial literacy</keyword> discussions.</li></ul>India has become one of the biggest hubs for startups and is home to the third largest unicorn ecosystem in the world. Thus, this is making people more engaged in conversation related to entrepreneurship, especially women, says <keyword id="14852843" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="2022-Twitter-Trends-India-report" source="Orion">2022 Twitter Trends India report</keyword>, after analysing billions of <keyword id="11940307" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tweets" source="Orion">tweets</keyword>. There is a 40% increase in women joining the conversation, with the talk around female entrepreneurship going up by a whopping 269%. This clearly indicates the narrowing gender gap in the workforce, the report says. It further predicts that a major spurt in the number of women-owned businesses will deliver a massive boost to the country’s economy. Overall, there is a 22% increase in discussions around entrepreneurship in general. “Founders are building personal brands, while popular references like #SharkTankIndiaMemes and #PeakBengaluru adds humour and fun to the conversation,” says the Twitter report. A lot of people aspire to become an entrepreneur or start their businesses and are always on the lookout for mentors and big business owners to guide them with their own experiences. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Finance related conversations are also rising" comment="subhead" text="Finance related conversations are also rising">Finance related conversations are also rising</cmsannotation> The Twitter report further says that conversations around investment have gained momentum by at least 62% as people seek financial advice on the platform. “There has been a rise in the number of experts imparting their knowledge. Moreover, traditional and new age companies are increasingly interacting and catering to those who want to get involved,” the report says. People also seek a deeper understanding of crypto, NFTs and other digital assets, showing a 185% increase in financial literacy discussions. “Conversations about money have evolved, and concepts like decentralized finance (hello, crypto!) and digital assets have entered pop culture with NFT + Bollywood, Bollycoin, and Beyond Life emerging as topics to watch out for,” said the report. Preetha Athrey, director – global business marketing, Twitter APAC says that The Twitter Trends Report captures themes and interests that are shaping consumer behaviour in the Indian market, and outlines top trends for brands to lean into to become a part of conversations. Fan clubs too are engaging more and more people. The discussions around fandom have gone up by 47%. “People are taking ownership of passions like #CricketTwitter (+55%), building complex worlds like #DCFanDome (+35%), and engaging with diverse entertainment conversations like Kollywood (+14) as they converge on Twitter to find their tribe,” says the report. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/interior-design-software-startup-infurnias-38-crore-ipo-to-open-next-week/articleshow/93880718.cms">Interior design software startup Infurnia’s ₹38 crore IPO to open next week</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/hcl-tech-beats-wipro-to-become-indias-third-largest-it-company/articleshow/93879712.cms">HCL Tech beats Wipro to become India’s third largest IT company</a>

Twitterati is seeking and also giving more investment advice

The next time you join a new organisation, closely look at its reporting hierarchy. Do you have a mid-level manager to report to, or do you have a direct line to the senior executives? If your answer is the latter, you’re most likely part of an organisation that has “unbossed” itself. Many companies, like life sciences behemoths Bayers and Novartis, have recently hopped onto this un-bossing trend. Closer home, Wipro reportedly laid off many of its middle <keyword id="20235360" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="management" source="keywords">management</keyword> employees recently. The IT major is said to have undergone a major un-bossing, even though the main purpose of the exercise was to improve efficiency. So, what is this un-bossing trend all about, and how are Indian companies taking up to it? And most importantly, will it do anyone good? Let's find out. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What does Gen-Z want?" comment="subhead" text="What does Gen-Z want?">What does <keyword id="20334202" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gen-Z" source="keywords">Gen-Z</keyword> want?</cmsannotation> A recent report by the World Economic Forum (WEF) estimates that by 2025, Gen-Z (born after 1996) will account for 27% of the global workforce. While there are no official figures, a young country like India is expected to have an even higher proportion of Gen-Z workforce, with estimates suggesting 25 crore as against roughly 40 crore <keyword id="19955338" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="millennials" source="keywords">millennials</keyword> (those born between 1981 and 1996). While the numbers might not be far apart, their work priorities certainly are. For millennials, it has traditionally been about job stability and steadily climbing the corporate ladder. But for Gen-Z, purpose, <keyword id="19986702" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="flexibility" source="keywords">flexibility</keyword>, respect at their jobs and a solid work-life balance are key. They are not lured into simply jumping the corporate ranks. As more companies make way for younger blood in offices, millennials are confronted with a unique, almost existential challenge. With Gen-Z embracing newer tech, remote working and prioritising flexibility and respect at work, corporations are increasingly doing away with <keyword id="22056604" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mid-level-managers" source="keywords">mid-level managers</keyword>, mostly millennials. Even in 2022, millennials were also the hardest hit during <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/economy/news/millennials-won-the-great-resignation-now-theyre-losing-the-big-firing-/articleshow/94076963.cms">the Great Firing Phase</a> as well. Sanchita Tuli, director of <keyword id="6393327" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Human-Resources" source="Orion">Human Resources</keyword> at Great Lakes Institute of Management notes that un-bossing is a natural progression, as more organisations will eventually move towards developing flatter reporting hierarchies. “However, it remains pertinent only to limited industries, like technology, where changes are dynamic and quick. Un-bossing will be nearly impossible in certain industries like education, where one will always need a certain degree of experience to handle higher-order roles. Another industry where un-bossing will not take place is hospitality, where they would be needed to drive daily operations,” she explains. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Bye-Bye mentorship?" comment="subhead" text="Bye-Bye mentorship?">Bye-Bye <keyword id="20874153" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mentorship" source="keywords">mentorship</keyword>?</cmsannotation> What about mentorship and the handholding done by these mid-level managers, which is so crucial during the initial years of one’s career? "Gen Zers are new to the world of work, and they do really need managers to help them find the ropes. Ultimately, eliminating this kind of middle management position means less guidance, less coaching, and less mentoring, which I feel like is still desperately needed in a post-COVID world," <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/companies-are-unbossing-workplace-culture-and-millennials-are-in-the-firing-line/articleshow/110311358.cms">says</a> Shoshanna Davis, the founder of Fairy Job Mother to Business Insider. Tuli, however, believes that the new generation could also benefit from un-bossing. She believed that the trend offers scope for new talent to access <keyword id="22056605" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cross-functional-guidance" source="Orion">cross-functional guidance</keyword> and mentorship, both within the organisation and online as well. In fact, many organisations are increasingly engaging industry professionals to take up training and mentoring sessions for their young, incoming talent. This could benefit the younger lot by motivating them to take on initiatives and action, all on their own. Zoomers are already unenthused by management. They are the generation that coined the term "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lazy-girl-job-trend-tiktok-explained-defending-low-stress-work-2023-7">lazy-girl jobs</a>" and strongly believe in the benefits of "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-quiet-quitting-work-ethic-millennials-money-struggles-2023-10">quiet quitting</a>." And at the end of the day, solid managers will always be in demand. As per a 2022 report by ThoughtExchange, around 79% of Indian youngsters prioritise having a supportive manager, who is equally invested in their personal growth and professional development while working. For most parts, Gen-Z merely wants to boot out micromanagement and workplace toxicity, something that has come to be deeply associated with mid-level management. Clearly, the role, which was earlier simply a link between fresh talent and senior management, is in need of a rehaul. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Don't be a boss, be a leader" comment="subhead" text="Don't be a boss, be a leader">Don't be a boss, be a leader </cmsannotation>To buck this trend, mid-level managers will need to be more agile and adaptable to the changing times. In other words, they need to be as un-bossy as possible. That the oldest, most experienced member of the lot will necessarily also be the wisest is a notion that should be retired. Mid-managers need to be facilitators, and not mere bosses dictating the job. As Tuli states, mid- managers will need to work on fostering a safe and positive workplace culture, where experience, constructive feedback, and new perspectives find equal value and voice.

The 2024 Great Unbossing — Desi Edition: How is global trend of firing mid-level managers taking shape in India

<ul><li>The average ticket size of debit cards grew by 24% in H2 2023, even as their value and volumes fell.</li><li><keyword id="19900911" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="upi" source="keywords">UPI</keyword>’s average ticket size fell by 8%, mainly indicating a wider usage for almost all types of transactions.</li><li>While card transaction volume and value are falling, credit cards are bucking the trend. </li></ul>Indians have gotten habituated to fishing out their phones instead of cards, and that’s been fuelling a remarkable increase in UPI payments. Unlike their uppity cousins (credit cards), debit cards have been losing out on transaction value and volume. But all’s not lost for these ubiquitous cards. People seem to ‘still’ rely on debit cards for large-sized purchases, as per data by <keyword id="20219639" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="worldline" source="keywords">Worldline</keyword>’s <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="keywords">India</keyword> Digital Payments Report. The average ticket size (ATS) of debit cards grew by 24% year-on-year to ₹2,642 in the second half of 2023, the data says. In fact, most of the growth seen in the cards business, which also includes credit and prepaid cards, was driven by debit cards. The number of debit cards in circulation is 960.8 million, which showed a miniscule growth of 2% YoY. “The growth in debit card ATS suggests that while debit card transactions volume fell, there was still a significant population that used debit cards for their purchases and that ensured that transactions value did not fall parallelly,” says Worldline. Debit card volumes are now a fraction of UPI transactions at 1.15 billion in H2 in 2023 — a drop of 34% YoY. Debit card transaction value at ₹3.02 lakh crore also saw a fall of 16%. In India, UPI rules On the other hand, UPI’s ATS also fell, but that too is a sign of growth, as people seem to use it even for small transactions. Its ATS declined 8% YoY to ₹1,515 from ₹1,648. “The ATS persistently follows a downward trend, indicating a more profound integration of UPI, particularly in smaller or micro-transactions. This decline is predominantly propelled by the surge in person-to-merchant (P2M) transactions,” said Worldline. This decline, however, is related to an extensive growth in UPI transactions. As of the second half of 2023, as much as ₹99.68 lakh crore flowed via phones —exhibiting a whopping 44% surge. The volumes grew 56% YoY to 65.77 billion in H2 in 2023. Between July 2022 and December 2023, there was a notable increase in the payment acceptance infrastructure channels. Point of Sale (PoS) terminals expanded by 26%, dominated by private sector banks with a 73% market share. “This trend underscores users' growing confidence and familiarity with smartphone-based payment methods. The proliferation of Point of Sale terminals has reached unprecedented levels, concurrent with the ascendance of mobile payments as a dominant transaction avenue,” said <keyword id="21180241" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ramesh-narasimhan" source="keywords">Ramesh Narasimhan</keyword>, CEO- India, Worldline. While UPI is rising fast ahead of debit cards, credit cards tell another story of growth. Not only did credit card issuances rise a strong 21%, but credit card transaction value rose 11% to ₹9.39 lakh crore. The number of credit card transactions also grew by a healthy 30.5% — indicating the rising popularity of buy now pay later trends, both online and offline.

Size does matter: Debit cards for large payments & UPI for smaller ones

<ul><li>Indians embrace the ‘clean beauty’ trend with natural, organic, green, and allergen-free ingredients.</li><li>Japanese products emphasize preventive measures instead of fixing damage.</li><li>Japanese skin and hair care products claim to be simple and require minimal effort to use. </li></ul>K-pop and K-dramas have ushered in a new trend of K-beauty regimens, which have picked up across India too over the last decade. But it’s not the only Asian beauty trend that’s making inroads in this fast-growing market. Japanese beauty companies are also making a beeline for the Indian market to cash in on the ‘natural ingredient’ trend. Late last year, one of Japan’s largest cosmetics companies <keyword id="19951131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shiseido" source="keywords">Shiseido</keyword> partnered with <keyword id="19919253" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shoppers-stop" source="keywords">Shoppers Stop</keyword> to launch its NARS brand in India. Not only has it plans to open 14 stores in Mumbai and Delhi, but it’s also marketing the brand via <keyword id="19955203" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sephora" source="keywords">Sephora</keyword> stores. And there are more to come, says a report by <keyword id="20604035" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-data" source="keywords">Global Data</keyword>. With India’s health and beauty market projected to grow at 5-6% between 2022-27, they aim to make a significant impact, the data and analytics firm adds. J is the new K of beauty It’s not that there are no similarities between J-beauty and K-beauty. They share the same DNA of being rooted in R&amp;D, and Japanese brands also introduced revolutionary products like oil cleansers. “While K-beauty relies on eye-catching product assertions, trendy ingredients, unconventional packaging, and quick results, J-beauty emphasizes efficiency, enduring effects of formulations, and refined packaging akin to Western beauty goods,” explains Mani Bhushan <keyword id="19906945" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shukla" source="keywords">Shukla</keyword>, consumer analyst at GlobalData. In general, beauty regimens are picking up fast as Indians focus on self-care. Adding to that, social media and rapid urbanization are making them pay more attention to personal appearance. Not only are Indians keen on new-age beauty trends, but they also seek brands that are ethical, sustainable, and safe. Moreover, consumers now pay a lot more attention to ingredients that go into beauty products. And Japanese cosmetics can rank higher in this regard, opines Global Data. They aid the ‘clean beauty’ trend, which encompasses product claims like natural, organic, green, and allergen-free. Japanese beauty products place importance on preventive measures instead of fixing damage. “Recognizing the increasing demand for natural and organic products in India, J-beauty manufacturers have rolled out new formulations to meet the preferences of the discerning consumer base, including ageing individuals,” adds Shukla. What’s the next trend? Indian consumers are constantly hunting for the next big beauty trend. As per GlobalData’s Q4 2023 consumer survey, 74% of female consumers are consistently or frequently influenced by the uniqueness and enjoyability of a product or service when making health and beauty purchases. If easy to use and less cumbersomeness picks up as the next trendsetter, Japanese companies could have an upper hand. Japanese skin and hair care products claim to be simple and require minimal effort to apply and use. “Although both K-beauty and J-beauty incorporate multi-step routines into their skincare regimens, they differ in complexity. J-beauty sets itself apart from the former by embracing a more streamlined approach with fewer products, resembling Western beauty regimens,” says Shukla. As per GlobalData’s survey, 66% of female consumers in India said that their choice of a beauty product is influenced by how well it aligns with their time and money constraints.

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