This Is The Flashpoint That Could Soon Plunge Iraq Into Full-Blown Civil War
The golden-domed Samarra shrine is once again a flash point that threatens to plunge all of Iraq into a full-blown civil war.
Samarra's al-Askari Mosque contains the mausoleums of two Shia Imams, making it a key pilgrimage point and one of the most significant sites of worship for Shia worldwide. The bombing of the mosque in 2006 set off a vicious cycle of violence that was followed by Shiites carrying out revenge attacks against Sunni mosques and religious leaders.
Now, the militant jihadist group ISIS is attacking the shrine. ISIS follows a deeply puritanical Sunni thread of Islam that believes shrines are antithetical to Islam and should be destroyed - a practice they have carried out in areas they control in Syria.
ISIS has tried to take control of Samarra. But it's been forced back by a coalition of the Iraqi Army and Shiite militias which now guard the shrine and the city. This has not stopped ISIS' from lobbing mortars at the shrine in an attempt to demolish it. And as The New York Times notes, "any serious damage to it could unleash sectarian forces that would be hard to control."
American officials have said that ISIS is dedicated to destroying the shrine and that battle lines have been drawn at Samarra. Given the violence that occurred in 2006, the importance of the shrine is well understood.
"Clearly, everyone understands that Samarra is an important line," Mr. Kerry said at a news conference in Baghdad.
ISIS' strategy for Iraq is aimed towards inflaming sectarian tensions. Any Shiite attacks against Sunnis would play into ISIS' hand as it could use it as further proof of repression of Sunnis by Iraq's Shiite majority.
At the same time, the mayhem plays into the hand of Iran, which has been mobilizing Iraqi militias since January to "protect shrines" in Iraq after doing the same in Syria.
"The recent utilization of the so-called 'Shrine Defense Narrative' reflects an actual threat to the shrines (particularly in Iraq), but helps push a broader line to make Iran appear as the protector of the Shi'a and their interests," Phillip Smyth, a researcher at the University of Maryland and expert on Shia militias, told Business Insider. "Simply put, it helps serve their narratives, particularly the one casting themselves as the 'defenders of Shi'ism,' but there also hard power concerns. With their own build-up and infiltration of the Iraqi government's security establishment, it allows them even more abilities to project."
Consequently, any further destruction of the al-Askari mosque is guaranteed to lead to a intense cycle of violence in Iraq that both sides will capitalize on.