These Photos Show The Immensity Of Subway Tunnel Construction In Manhattan

The Second Avenue subway has been in some form of construction or planning since 1929. The many stops and starts to its construction have rendered it a punchline to many New Yorkers, who call it 'The Line That Time Forgot." Here's a look at the under-construction 96th Street station.

The MTA has been trying to change that impression since 2007, when the agency recieved a full funding grant from the Federal Transit Administration to complete Phase 1, a $4.45 billion project that will build a new line between 96th Street and 63rd St.  This is a look at the under-construction 86th Street station.

Phase 1 is scheduled to open in 2016 and will serve as an extension of the Q line. The 96th Street Station, shown here, is one of three stations being built during Phase 1.

The rest of the 8.5 mile subway line is currently in the planning phase. It is estimated that will cost more than $17 billion. This is the 86th Street station.

Here's a map of the planned Second Avenue Subway.

The other long-gestating project is East Side Access. The goal of the project is to ease commutes from Long Island and Queens to the east side of Manhattan through a new 8-track terminal below Grand Central Station. This is a view of the new terminal.

The project will do this by bringing the Long Island Railroad to the East Side of Manhattan through the 63rd Street Tunnel. The project is due to serve an estimated 162, 000 riders per day. Here's another look at the terminal.

By doing so, many Long Island commuters will be able to exit at Grand Central on Manhattan's East Side rather than at Penn Station, on the West Side, and then having to take a subway to reach Midtown East. Here, you can see a worker installing concrete lining and waterproofing.

The project's estimated cost has ballooned from $4.3 billion to $10.8 billion since ground was first broken - in its current iteration - in 2006. The project's completion date has been routinely pushed back from 2009 to, most recently, 2023.

The project delays and ballooning costs have been so bad that the US Department of Transportation Inspector General has conducted an audit of the project. The audit concluded that the MTA wouldn't come close to meeting their target budget or completion date. It has lead many to call the project a "disaster.

It calls for the creation of seven miles of tunnel and a massive cavern underneath Grand Central terminal.

To create the tunnels and the cavern, workers have had to cart away 1.5 million cubic yards of muck, enough to fill 75,000 dump trucks.

The project is the largest infrastructure project currently in the works in the United States.

Here's what East Side Access looks like on the map.