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  4. Mark Kelly was elected to Congress 10 years after Gabrielle Giffords survived an assassination attempt. Here's a timeline of their relationship.

Mark Kelly was elected to Congress 10 years after Gabrielle Giffords survived an assassination attempt. Here's a timeline of their relationship.

Talia Lakritz   

Mark Kelly was elected to Congress 10 years after Gabrielle Giffords survived an assassination attempt. Here's a timeline of their relationship.
Mark Kelly leans his head on the shoulder of his wife, former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords.Joshua Lott/Getty Images
  • Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords met in 2003 and became friends before striking up a romantic relationship and marrying in 2007.
  • When Giffords survived an assassination attempt in 2011 with brain damage that left her with speech and movement difficulties, Kelly was there for every step of her recovery.
  • Together, they wrote a book and founded a political action committee to advocate for safer gun laws.
  • Kelly successfully ran for Congress in 2020 and is now a US senator representing Arizona. Giffords held the Bible for his swearing-in ceremony.

When Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords survived an an assassination attempt in 2011, her astronaut husband Mark Kelly was there for every step of her recovery. Now, he's a congressman himself.

Giffords was a rising star in the House of Representatives when she was shot in the head in 2011 while meeting with constituents outside of a grocery store. She survived the shooting and has become a powerful advocate for safer gun laws.

Kelly is a retired NASA astronaut who has commanded several missions to the International Space Station, and began his first term as a US senator for Arizona in 2021. He has remained a steady, loving presence as Giffords has slowly regained her abilities to read, speak, and walk.

Together, they have shared their story in the hope of eliminating gun violence and inspiring resilience in the face of difficult challenges.

Here's a timeline of their relationship.

2003: Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords met in China as part of a young leaders forum organized by National Committee on US-China Relations.

2003: Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords met in China as part of a young leaders forum organized by National Committee on US-China Relations.
Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords in the early 2000s.      NASA via Getty Images, Scott J. Ferrell/Congressional Quarterly/Getty Images

When they met, Giffords was an Arizona state senator and Kelly was a NASA astronaut. Kelly was married with two daughters, and Giffords had a boyfriend.

When the committee met in Arizona the following year, both were single. They hiked in the Grand Canyon together and struck up a friendship that eventually blossomed into romance in November 2004, when Giffords invited him to join her on a tour of the Arizona State Prison.

"She had it all," Kelly told the New York Times in their wedding announcement. "Beautiful, smart, hard working, balanced, fun to be with, and she laughed at my jokes."

Giffords was also smitten, according to family friend Robert Reich.

"I remember Gabby telling me she met this fellow, and then she giggled," Reich told Parade magazine in 2017. "I said, 'He must be tall and dark and very handsome,' and she laughed and said, 'No. He's short and bald, and I love him.'"

November 10, 2007: Kelly and Giffords - by then a member of Congress - wed at an organic produce farm in Amado, Arizona.

November 10, 2007: Kelly and Giffords - by then a member of Congress - wed at an organic produce farm in Amado, Arizona.
An anniversary message on social media posted by Gabrielle Giffords.      @gabbygiffords/Twitter

Giffords wore a recycled Vera Wang dress from a family friend, and the reception consisted of biodegradable decor.

The couple remained long-distance after their wedding, with Giffords working in Arizona and Washington and Kelly in Houston at the Johnson Space Center.

May 2008: Giffords came to see Kelly off on his first mission serving as commander.

May 2008: Giffords came to see Kelly off on his first mission serving as commander.
Mark Kelly gets a hug from Gabrielle Giffords before boarding a training aircraft at Kennedy Space Center in 2008.      DON EMMERT/AFP via Getty Images

Kelly led a seven-member crew in installing a Japanese Pressurized Module laboratory and a robotic arm in the International Space Station.

November 2, 2010: Giffords won reelection for her third term in the US House of Representatives, with Kelly by her side as she gave her victory speech.

November 2, 2010: Giffords won reelection for her third term in the US House of Representatives, with Kelly by her side as she gave her victory speech.
Gabrielle Giffords speaks on election night at Democratic Election Headquarters as her husband Mark Kelly applauds.      Tom Willett/Getty Images

In Congress, Giffords served on the Armed Services Committee and the Science, Space, and Technology Committee.

January 8, 2011: Tragedy struck when Giffords was shot in the head while holding a "Congress on Your Corner" event in Tuscon, Arizona.

January 8, 2011: Tragedy struck when Giffords was shot in the head while holding a "Congress on Your Corner" event in Tuscon, Arizona.
Newspapers from January 8, 2011.      Lili DeBarbieri/AFP via Getty Images

Six people died and 20 were injured when a gunman opened fire at Giffords as she was connecting with constituents outside of a Safeway grocery store.

Kelly was in Houston when he received the call notifying him that his wife had been shot. He rushed to Tuscon on a friend's private plane along with his daughters, Claudia and Claire.

Some news outlets erroneously reported that Giffords had died. For about 20 minutes, until the reports were corrected, he believed his wife was gone.

"I just, you know, walked into the bathroom, and you know, broke down," Kelly told ABC's Diane Sawyer in 2011. "To hear that she died is just, it's devastating for me."

January 11, 2011: Kelly was photographed at Giffords' hospital bedside, holding her hand.

January 11, 2011: Kelly was photographed at Giffords
Mark Kelly holds Gabrielle Giffords' hand in her hospital room.      US Rep. Gabrielle Giffords' office via Getty Images

Kelly cancelled his astronaut training for an upcoming mission to keep vigil at her bedside. He told ABC News that Giffords would play with his wedding ring — a familiar gesture that showed she knew he was there.

"If I hold her hand, she'll play with my wedding ring," he said. "She'll move it up and down my finger. She'll take it off ... She'll put it on her own finger. She'll move it to her thumb. And then she can put it back on my finger. The reason why I know that that means she recognizes me is because she's done that before. She'll do that if we're sitting in a restaurant. She'll do the same exact movements."

May 2011: Kelly wore Giffords' wedding ring into space as commander of the Endeavour space shuttle, and left his ring with Giffords on Earth.

May 2011: Kelly wore Giffords
Space shuttle Endeavour Commander Mark Kelly shows Giffords' wedding ring on a chain around his neck.      NASA TV/Reuters

Giffords began making enough strides in her recovery for Kelly to return to his work as an astronaut.

He launched into space on May 16, 2011, commanding a mission to deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and other supplies to the ISS. Giffords was in attendance to watch the launch from a private area reserved for friends and family. Kelly also arranged for roses to be delivered to Giffords and his two daughters eight minutes after takeoff, when the shuttle entered the Earth's orbit.

August 1, 2011: When Kelly returned from space, he accompanied Giffords on her first visit to Congress since the shooting to vote for raising the debt limit.

August 1, 2011: When Kelly returned from space, he accompanied Giffords on her first visit to Congress since the shooting to vote for raising the debt limit.
Gabrielle Giffords arrives at the Capitol with Mark Kelly and Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz.      Tom Williams/Roll Call/Getty Images

Giffords was met with a standing ovation from both sides of the aisle.

"The #Capitol looks beautiful and I am honored to be at work tonight," Giffords tweeted.

November 7, 2011: Glamour magazine named Giffords Woman of the Year, and Kelly accepted the award on her behalf.

November 7, 2011: Glamour magazine named Giffords Woman of the Year, and Kelly accepted the award on her behalf.
Mark Kelly at Glamour's 2011 Women of the Year Awards.      Theo Wargo/Getty Images for Glamour Magazine

"I know what it takes to be a Woman of the Year," he said in his acceptance speech. " I see it in her every day."

November 15, 2011: The couple released a book called "Gabby: A Story of Courage and Hope."

November 15, 2011: The couple released a book called "Gabby: A Story of Courage and Hope."
The audiobook of "Gabby: A Story of Courage and Hope."      Amazon

The book chronicles their love story, Giffords' challenging recovery, and their hopes for the country as they move forward from the attack.

In an excerpt featured on NPR, Kelly writes about how connected they remain despite Giffords' difficulty communicating.

"While Gabby struggles for words, coping with a constant frustration that the rest of us can't fathom, I still know what she's thinking much of the time," he wrote. "Yes, her words come haltingly or imperfectly or not at all, but I can still read her body language. I still know the nuances of that special smile of hers. She's still contagiously animated and usually upbeat, using her one good hand for emphasis. And she still knows what I'm thinking, too."

February 10, 2012: Kelly and Giffords visited the Oval Office to witness President Barack Obama sign the last piece of legislation she had sponsored into law.

February 10, 2012: Kelly and Giffords visited the Oval Office to witness President Barack Obama sign the last piece of legislation she had sponsored into law.
President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden with Gabrielle Giffords and Mark Kelly in the Oval Office.      Susan Walsh/AP

The Ultralight Aircraft Smuggling Prevention Act of 2012 gave law enforcement greater authority to combat illicit drug trafficking on US borders.

January 30, 2013: Kelly put an arm around Giffords as she testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about gun violence as part of their newly-formed political action committee, Americans for Responsible Solutions (later renamed Giffords).

January 30, 2013: Kelly put an arm around Giffords as she testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about gun violence as part of their newly-formed political action committee, Americans for Responsible Solutions (later renamed Giffords).
Gabrielle Giffords testifies on gun violence as her husband Mark Kelly looks on.      Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call/Getty Images

Kelly and Giffords founded the political action committee in 2013 to "encourage elected officials to stand up for solutions to prevent gun violence and protect responsible gun ownership."

The couple also went on a nationwide tour speaking to lawmakers and audiences about stricter gun laws.

"I've been shot at a number of times in war in Iraq and Kuwait, and Gabby's been shot at and hit," Kelly told the Washington Post in 2013. "We've talked about these things. She had her office shot out before somebody tried to assassinate her. When her office door was shot out, she didn't quit and run and hide. She went back to work, and almost lost her life over it. Despite that, she's back at work now. Some things are important enough that you take that kind of risk."

Read more: NASA astronaut Mark Kelly, whose wife Gabby Giffords was shot in the head, still owns guns. He says Congress could do a lot more to keep people safe.

July 27, 2016: Giffords spoke at the Democratic National Convention, introduced by Kelly.

July 27, 2016: Giffords spoke at the Democratic National Convention, introduced by Kelly.
Gabrielle Giffords and Mark Kelly leave the stage during the third evening session of the Democratic National Convention in 2016.      NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images

"Speaking is difficult for me. But come January, I want to say these two words: 'Madam President,'" she said to thunderous applause.

March 24, 2018: Kelly and Giffords attended the first March for Our Lives in support of gun control.

March 24, 2018: Kelly and Giffords attended the first March for Our Lives in support of gun control.
Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords attend the March For Our Lives in Washington, DC.      Gotham/GC Images/Getty Images

Giffords didn't speak at the rally, but she did tweet a photo with "Hamilton" creator Lin-Manuel Miranda captioned "If you stand for nothing, what will you fall for?"

February 12, 2019: Kelly announced his Senate campaign with a video in which he spoke about supporting Giffords through her recovery.

February 12, 2019: Kelly announced his Senate campaign with a video in which he spoke about supporting Giffords through her recovery.
Mark Kelly's campaign video announcing his Senate run in 2019.      @CaptMarkKelly/Twitter

"One thing I realized early on was that Gabby needed me to help her through this, she needed an advocate," he said in the campaign video. "And the thing I have to do for my wife is to be able to think clearly and make good decisions."

He continued, "What I learned from my wife is how you use policy to improve people's lives."

Read more: Former astronaut Mark Kelly announces he's running for John McCain's Senate seat in an emotional ad featuring his wife Gabby Giffords

November 3, 2020: Kelly was elected to the Senate. Giffords and his daughters joined him to celebrate the victory.

November 3, 2020: Kelly was elected to the Senate. Giffords and his daughters joined him to celebrate the victory.
Mark Kelly, Gabrielle Giffords, and their children, Claudia and Claire wave to supporters on election night.      Courtney Pedroza/Getty Images

Kelly unseated Republican Martha McSally and helped Democrats regain control of the Senate.

December 2, 2020: Giffords held the Bible for Kelly's swearing-in ceremony.

December 2, 2020: Giffords held the Bible for Kelly
Vice President Mike Pence swears in Senator Mark Kelly as Gabrielle Giffords holds the Bible.      Nicholas Kamm-Pool/Getty Images

"You were by my side when I took my oath of office nearly 14 years ago. I'm so excited to be by yours today as you're sworn in as our next Arizona Senator," Giffords wrote on Twitter, sharing an old photo of her own swearing-in ceremony.

January 6, 2021: Giffords shared her concern for Kelly's safety during the violent insurrection at the Capitol.

January 6, 2021: Giffords shared her concern for Kelly
Senator Mark Kelly at the Capitol.      Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP

"As I sat waiting for information about @SenMarkKelly's safety today, I couldn't stop thinking about what you must have gone through 10 years ago this week," Giffords wrote on Twitter. "I'm so glad you and your staff are safe. I love you, sweetie."

She also wrote an op-ed for the New York Times on the 10th anniversary of the shooting that nearly ended her life about resilience in the aftermath of the Capitol riot.

"The fear I felt as I waited was a terrifying echo of the fear he endured exactly a decade ago this week," she wrote. "It echoed the dread that millions of parents have experienced when they have received reports of school lockdowns and neighborhood shootings. This time that fear was shared by the families of so many elected officials and their teams and Capitol staff as the world watched while the walls of Congress were breached."

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