Navy photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Carla Giglio
The amphibious assault ship USS Iwo Jima sails past the Statue of Liberty into New York Harbor, November 10, 2016.
- The US Navy reactivated its 2nd Fleet in July 2018 to operate in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
- The fleet was stood up to confront Russia, whose forces have increasingly confronted Western militaries since Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014.
In the six months since its activation, the Navy's 2nd Fleet has bulked up and is embracing its mission in the North Atlantic and the Arctic, where the US and its partners are focused on countering a sophisticated and wily Russian navy.
Second Fleet was deactivated in 2011 for budget reasons - 65 years after being set up to deter the Soviet Union in the Atlantic and around Europe. Most of its assets were shifted to Fleet Forces Command.
The fleet returns amid a shift toward a potential great-power conflict, but the new version will differ from its predecessor by being "leaner, agile, and more expeditionary," Rear Adm. John Mustin, the fleet's deputy commander, said Wednesday at the Surface Navy Association's annual symposium.
US Navy/Mass Comm. Specialist 3rd Class Craig Z. Rodarte
Rear Adm. John Mustin at Naval Base San Diego, February 24, 2017.
"When I say lean, what does that mean? The staff complement is organized and billeted to be operational. The majority of staff will focus on operations, intelligence, plans and training," Mustin said.
Questions have been raised about how 2nd Fleet will integrate with other numbered fleets - particularly 6th Fleet, which oversees waters around Europe, and 4th Fleet, which is responsible for the Caribbean Sea and waters around Central and South America - but Navy officials have said the goal is not to draw stark lines in the sea.
Second fleet's primary focus will be working with 6th Fleet and 4th Fleet "to ensure a seamless command and control for force employment - ensuring there is no vulnerability, no seam in the Atlantic," Lt. Marycate Walsh, a spokesperson for 2nd Fleet, told Business Insider in December.
Navy/Mass Comm. Specialist 2nd Class Jonathan Clay US Navy guided-missile destroyer USS Jason Dunham hits heavy seas in the Atlantic Ocean, deployed in the 2nd Fleet area of operations, December 18, 2018.
Prior to its deactivation, 2nd Fleet was mostly a training command for units getting ready to deploy.
Now, however, the focus is "to develop and dynamically employ maritime forces ready to fight across multiple domains in the Atlantic and Arctic," Mustin said at the symposium.
"Previously, forces reported to 2nd Fleet when they entered the fleet's geographic area of operations. Under the new model forces will be assigned once in the final stage of the training cycle and through the end of the period in which forces are available for operational tasking, unless the unit transitions to the control of another numbered fleet," Walsh told Business Insider in December.
"This allows 2nd Fleet to focus its attention on the development and employment of forces at the highest level of warfare," Walsh added.
US Navy/Mass Comm. Specialist 2nd Class Ryre Arciaga An MH-60S Seahawk helicopter crewman watches simulated fast-attack craft approach the USS Kearsarge during a Surface Warfare Advanced Tactical Training exercise, June 24, 2018.
Like the stand-up of 2nd Fleet, the Navy's first East Coast use of Surface Warfare Advanced Tactical Training - a Top Gun-like exercise meant to impart advanced knowledge of weapons and tactics to surface crews - is part of the effort to train for warfare against an enemy fleet.
Mustin said during his remarks that he was the 18th staff member to report to 2nd Fleet and that by March the command will have 85 people assigned - a "number that will continue on a glide slope that is increasing rapidly," he said.
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To avoid bloat and redundancy, the 2nd Fleet will work with Fleet Forces whenever possible, Mustin said. Both commands are based in Norfolk, Virginia. Ships will be under Fleet Forces' operational command, while 2nd Fleet will have tactical control.
US Navy/Mass Comm. Specialist 2nd Class Jonathan Clay A fire controlman trains sailors on firefighting tactics in an engine room l aboard Navy guided-missile destroyer USS Jason Dunham in the 2nd Fleet area of operations, December 17, 2018.
But the fleet is growing to be fit for purpose and fit for its time, Walsh told Business Insider.
"It makes sense to describe 2nd Fleet in terms of capability rather than in terms of the number of personnel assigned," Walsh said. Most of the personnel assigned to it will focus on operations, intelligence, plans and training, "with only a few staff members focused on higher headquarters administrative functions."
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Mustin also told attendees at the symposium that they could expect 2nd Fleet personnel to be roaming their area of operations - working from forward posts on command ships or from austere locations ashore - while keeping in touch with home base in Norfolk.
US Navy/Mass Comm. Specialist 2nd Class Jonathan Clay
Guided-missile destroyer USS Jason Dunham approaches fleet-replenishment oiler USNS Joshua Humphreys, right, for replenishment-at-sea in the 2nd Fleet area of operations, December 19, 2018.
Those personnel will include staffers from allied countries and other partners who are fully integrated rather than assigned as liaisons, said Mustin, who added that surface warfare officers interested in 2nd Fleet had been approaching him at the symposium.
Moreover, plans are to rotate Navy reservists through the fleet to work alongside active-duty sailors, with the goal of keeping those reservists up-to-date. "This is not your grandfather's 2nd Fleet, or, as my staff likes to point out, my father's 2nd Fleet," Mustin said.
Second Fleet will also work on development in other aspects of naval warfare.
US Marine Corps/Pfc. Nicholas Guevara
Lt. Gen. Robert Hedelund, commander of II Marine Expeditionary Force, and Vice Adm. Andrew Lewis, commander of 2nd Fleet, at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, August 27, 2018.
Working with the Naval War College and the Warfare Development Centers, the fleet "will be a hub for the Navy's concept development and implementation, ensuring that when the Navy operates around the world, it is prepared to compete, fight, and win in great-power competition," Walsh told Business Insider in December.
In September, the Center for Executive Education at the Naval Postgraduate School led 2nd Fleet staff in a seminar to develop the fleet's mission set, and in coming months the 2nd Fleet will work with the Naval War College on staff training to "ensure the fleet is equipped to command and control naval forces at the highest level of warfare," Walsh said, adding that most 2nd Fleet staff will attend the school's College of Maritime Operational Warfare.
"Going forward, this same kind of integration applies to the employment of the naval forces [that] 2nd Fleet commands," Walsh added.