The Clinton Foundation received millions from uranium investors as Putin took over 20% of US uranium reserves

An exhaustive report published Thursday in The New York Times links undisclosed contributions to the Clinton Foundation by investors linked to Russian uranium interests, potentially complicating former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.

According to the report, a deal spearheaded by leaders of the Canadian mining industry gave the Russian government control of one-fifth of the uranium production capacity in the US.

The agreement required approval from Clinton's State Department, among others, and the mining industry leaders had been heavy contributors to her foundation.

"As the Russians gradually assumed control of Uranium One in three separate transactions from 2009 to 2013, Canadian records show, a flow of cash made its way to the Clinton Foundation," the Times' Jo Becker and Mike McIntire wrote, referring to the Canadian company sold off to the Russians.

"Uranium One's chairman used his family foundation to make four donations totaling $2.35 million," the Times continues. "Those contributions were not publicly disclosed by the Clintons, despite an agreement Mrs. Clinton had struck with the Obama White House to publicly identify all donors. Other people with ties to the company made donations as well."

The Times' revelations appear to have originated from reporting in "Clinton Cash," an upcoming book by conservative author Peter Schweizer that was provided to the newspaper for advance reporting. The report said The Times "scrutinized his information and built upon it with its own reporting."

The Clinton campaign and its allies have aggressively dismissed the book as partisan conspiracy-mongering. In a statement to The Times, Clinton spokesman Brian Fallon said the State Department was only one of multiple US government bodies that approved the transaction.

"[No one] has produced a shred of evidence supporting the theory that Hillary Clinton ever took action as secretary of state to support the interests of donors to the Clinton Foundation," Fallon told the Times. "To suggest the State Department, under then-Secretary Clinton, exerted undue influence in the US government's review of the sale of Uranium One is utterly baseless."

Here are some key points from the Times report:

• Uranium One's involvement with the Clintons stretches back to 2005, when former President Bill Clinton accompanied Canadian mining financier Frank Giustra to Kazakhstan, where they met with authoritarian president Nursultan Nazarbayev. Going against American foreign policy at the time, Bill Clinton expressed support for Nazarbayev's bid to lead an international elections monitoring group, according to the Times.
• Soon after, Giustra's company, UrAsia Energy (the predecessor to Uranium One) won stakes in three uranium mines controlled by Kazakhstan's state-run uranium agency. Months after the deal, Giustra reportedly donated $31.3 million to Clinton's foundation.

• After the legality of the Kazakhstan deal was called into question, Uranium One asked the American embassy in Kazakhstan for help. Uranium One's executive vice president copied then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on a cable saying he wanted an official written confirmation that the company's licenses in Kazakhstan were still valid, according to the Times. Soon after, the embassy's energy officer met with Kazakh officials.
• In June 2009 ARMZ, a subsidiary of Russia's atomic energy agency Rosatom, finalized a deal for a 17% stake in Uranium One. In June 2010, the Russian government sought a 51% controlling stake in the company that would have to be approved by the American government. Rosatom also said that after that, the agency "did not plan to increase its stake in Uranium One or to take the company private," the Times noted in a helpful time line of the events.

• Investors with ties to Uranium One and UrAsia donated millions to the foundation in 2010 and 2011. These donations were disclosed. In addition to this, Bill Clinton paid $500,000 to speak in Moscow in June 2010, the same month that the Russians closed the deal for the majority stake in Uranium One. The speaking fee was one of Clinton's highest, according to the Times.
• The US Committee on Foreign Investment, which includes the attorney general, the secretaries of the Treasury, Defense, Homeland Security, Commerce and Energy, and the secretary of state, were charged with reviewing the deal that would give Rosatom a majority stake because uranium is "considered a strategic asset with implications for national security," according to the Times.
• The concern was American dependence on foreign uranium. The Times notes that while the US "gets one-fifth of its electrical power from nuclear plants, it produces only around 20% of the uranium it needs, and most plants have only 18 to 36 months of reserves."
• Four members of Congress signed a letter expressing concern over the deal, and two others drafted legislation to kill it. One senator contended that the deal "would give the Russian government control over a sizable portion of America's uranium production capacity" as well as "a significant stake in uranium mines in Kazakhstan." The Nuclear Regulatory Commission made assurances that the US uranium would be preserved for domestic use regardless of the deal.

• Final say over the deal rested with the foreign investment committee, "including Mrs. Clinton - whose husband was collecting millions of dollars in donations from people associated with Uranium One," the Times notes.
• After the deal was approved in October 2010, Rosatom's chief executive, Sergei Kiriyenko, said in an interview with Russian President Vladimir Putin: "Few could have imagined in the past that we would own 20% of U.S. reserves."

• A source with knowledge of the Clintons' fundraising pointed out to the Times that people donate because they hope that money will buy influence. The source said: "Why do you think they are doing it - because they love them?"
• Despite Russia claiming it didn't intend to increase its stake in Uranium One or take the company private, ARMZ - the subsidiary of Russia's atomic energy agency - took over 100% of the company and delisted it from the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 2013.

"Whether the donations played any role in the approval of the uranium deal is unknown," The Times concludes. "But the episode underscores the special ethical challenges presented by the Clinton Foundation, headed by a former president who relied heavily on foreign cash to accumulate $250 million in assets even as his wife helped steer American foreign policy as secretary of state, presiding over decisions with the potential to benefit the foundation's donors."

Now that Hillary Clinton formally announced a presidential run, her foundation has come under increasing scrutiny.

Her family's charities are refiling at least five tax returns after Reuters found errors in how the foundations reported donations from governments, the news wire reported this week.

Michael B. Kelley contributed to this report.