Business Insider India has updated its Privacy and Cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the better experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we\'ll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the Business Insider India website. However, you can change your cookie setting at any time by clicking on our Cookie Policy at any time. You can also see our Privacy Policy.
Insider Picks writes about products and services to help you navigate when shopping online. Insider Inc. receives a commission from our affiliate partners when you buy through our links, but our reporting and recommendations are always independent and objective.
Mosquitos and ticks aren't just annoying bloodsuckers, they're also dangerous because of the diseases they carry. To avoid getting bitten, you need a great bug spray or bug repellent.
Like just about everything, there are more than enough bug sprays on the market from which to choose. DEET (diethyltoluamide) remains the most popular bug spray ingredient because it is the most effective at protecting you from ticks, mosquitos, other bugs, and all the diseases they carry. Decades of research have proven DEET to be the best for protecting humans from bugs, though it is toxic to aquatic creatures like fish.
That's where picaridin and permethrin come into play. These ingredients are less toxic, but likely just as effective at repelling bugs as DEET. The scientific community is still testing these alternatives, though, so DEET remains king.
While chemical bug sprays may or may not harm you or the flora and fauna you encounter, they are highly toxic to many aquatic animals, they can certainly trash your clothes, and they smell terrible. Some people are allergic to them, too.
Advertisement
For those of you who are sensitive to DEET and other chemical bug sprays, we have more eco-friendly picks that won't hurt you or the environment as much as other sprays. Just know that DEET and picaridin are still the most effective at repelling dangerous ticks and mosquitos.
In our guide, we've included a variety of bug sprays and repellents that use different ingredients like DEET, picaridin, and natural essential oils.
A note to parents: The nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) does not recommend using any bug spray on children under six months of age, but suggest treating clothes with permethrin. After a child reaches six months, picaridin is the safest choice.
Disclosure: This post is brought to you by the Insider Picks team. We highlight products and services you might find interesting. If you buy them, we get a small share of the revenue from the sale from our commerce partners. We frequently receive products free of charge from manufacturers to test. This does not drive our decision as to whether or not a product is featured or recommended. We operate independently from our advertising sales team. We welcome your feedback. Email us at insiderpicks@businessinsider.com.
OFF! Deep Woods Bug Spray has an optimal 25% concentration of DEET that keeps the greatest number of blood-sucking bugs at bay.
Most Americans have probably used OFF! bug spray at some point in their lives, and while the debate over the relative toxicity of DEET still looms at large, research commissioned and/or conducted by the EPA and CDC continues to suggest that for humans, there isn't much to worry about.
OFF! bug spray will keep bloodsucking insects like mosquitos and ticks well away from you and help you avoid the dangerous illness these bugs pass to humans.
DEET is still the best, most effective bug repellent in the US. The seven-plus decades of research data we have on DEET suggest that its potentially harmful side effects to humans are not that significant. However, that's not so for aquatic animals, so consider keeping away from the water when wearing it whenever possible.
If you're going to be wading around in a stream or swimming in the sea, consider going with a combination of Sawyer Picaridin and permethrin if you're fully-clothed or lemon eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, and geranium oil if you're just in your bathing suit.
To that point, fishermen and hunters should take note that DEET is a terrible choice for their respective pursuits, and is best left at home not just because it kills fish, but because it will actively repel them, along with any other animal one might hope to encounter.
Pros: Still possibly the most effective bug repellent out there (though picaridin is hot on its heels)
Cons: Toxic to aquatic creatures, destroys clothing, smells terrible, and will make you horribly sick if you accidentally ingest it
Sawyer Premium Insect Repellent with 20% Picaridin is excellent at warding off insects of the gnat, sandfly, and mozzie varieties. Picaridin, the active ingredient found in this spray, has recently been deemed nearly or as effective as DEET in warding off ticks, though we'd like to see more research before we can confidently recommend it as our top pick.
Ticks are a big problem in North America because the continent has the largest contiguous deciduous forest on earth, and it's just the kind of environment in which the little buggers proliferate. Plus, cases of Lyme disease are on the rise worldwide.
But, for those who choose to avoid DEET for one reason another, we like picaridin as an alternative. While it's still toxic to the ecosystem, it is considerably less damaging than DEET. Picaridin isn't half as offensive to the nostrils as products containing DEET, either.
The EWG recommends picaridin for children over six months of age, though the group suggests refraining from applying it to kids' hands because it's still an irritant for eyes. The netting found in DreamBaby's strollers and car seats and SSQQ's bed netting for cribs and beds is an excellent alternative to sprays for newborns and infants. You can also treat their clothing with permethrin.
I don't like killing anything more than you do, but "live and let live" just doesn't fly when some pestilent little blood-sucking insect or arachnid threatens to sentence me to a slow, agonizing disease or, you know, death. Sorry little critters, but Lyme Disease and Malaria are no joke.
Permethrin, which is what doctors prescribe to patients with lice and scabies, is an odorless solution that works wonders against most any creepy crawly thing this planet might toss at you. The only shortcoming is that it does not stay on our skin for much longer than 15 minutes, so it's hardly effective at all unless you're wearing clothes.
For hunters and anglers, giving off any scent, let alone one so unnatural and odorously offensive as that of DEET is death to their pursuit. In fact, if a serious enough hunter or angler catches you applying the stuff on the way into the woods or out onto the sea, they are likely to make you shower it off, or worse, leave you in the parking lot.
I have a friend who bans both sunscreen and bug spray on their boat because, according to them, the scent it produces on the line makes fish that much more wary of taking a bait. A quick test proved them right.
Sawyer Premium Permethrin is the stuff the hunters I know swear by, and if anyone can attest to its efficacy, I'm sure it's them. Whenever I go into the woods, I do my best to reach for permethrin because, even though I'm not much of a hunter, DEET can send plenty of animals running. Further, I do happen to be an angler, and I prefer to capture my quarry alive, and free of chemical spoilage.
Sawyer Premium Permethrin is also a good choice for babies and youngsters, so long as they're well-covered, of course. Campers would also best serve themselves by spraying down tents, hammocks, sleeping bags, and any other fabrics they take camping with a permethrin-based product like Sawyer's spray repellant.
Pros: Excellent efficacy on clothes and other fabrics
Cons: Evaporates from skin within 15 minutes, kills most insects that set foot on it
Repel with Lemon Eucalyptus Oil smells good, does a sufficient job of keeping bugs away, and does not harm the environment as much as our other picks.
For those of you who are seeking alternatives to DEET, permethrin, and picaridin, natural ingredients work moderately well, but "oil of lemon eucalyptus" (PMD — as opposed to "lemon eucalyptus oil") may be the next best thing. Repel's bug spray with Lemon Eucalyptus Oil is effective and safe to use.
According to the EWG, a longevity study which took place between 2000 and 2013 showed that PMD evaporates from skin much more slowly then DEET or picaridin.
It's important to note that while it may be effective to some degree, it does not quite stack up to chemical repellents, so if you live in an area with lots of ticks or deadly mosquitos, we recommend something stronger like DEET or picaridin.
Still, it smells good, and it does seem to do a pretty good job. Just don't expect to find me relying on this stuff in the Cambodian jungle.
Pros: Smells better than DEET, inexpensive, nontoxic
A combination of essential oils is almost guaranteed to smell better than DEET, and while it's effective, it's not fool-proof, so use your best judgment.
If you want to make your own natural bug repellent, there is a whole host of essential oils that deter blood-thirsty bugs, but, again, they probably won't do as good of a job as DEET or picaridin.
For mosquitoes, thyme, lemongrass, citronella, lavender, geranium, grapefruit, and cedar wood are all popular essential oils. At least a 40-drop combination of any of the above is best, but try to keep the concentrations on the high side. It's probably not worth putting together more than about four at a time unless you're making a boatload of the stuff. Check out Natural Living Ideas for more ideas.
Marian Grande at Medium has several recipes for deterring ticks that smells pretty good. The easiest of which involves just a half a cup of water, 20 drops of eucalyptus oil, and 20 drops of lemongrass oil. Another calls for geranium, cedarwood, lavender, lemongrass, and water, and smells pretty great.
Of course, it's also a good idea to follow general precautions, like staying well-covered, spraying down all clothing and fabrics with your concoction of choice, tucking your pant legs into your socks, staying on trails when possible, and keeping clear of low-hanging branches.
Lastly, not even DEET itself is completely bugproof, so be sure to check all of your clothes, do your friends, family, and yourself a favor by going over one another to make sure there aren't any hangers-on.
Pros: These essential oils will smell far better than DEET to most, and they won't kill fish and/or insects you might otherwise want to let live
Cons: Not as effective as DEET, picaridin, permethrin, IR3535, or PMD
A breakdown of the most common bug spray ingredients
Picaridin (pih-CARE-a-den)
Bayer AG came up with picaridin in 1980, but it didn't start to hit shelves until 1998 around the world and in 2005 in the US. Picaridin is a derivative of the plant genus Piper and a less but still "moderately toxic" compound for rainbow trout. The EPA's recent research suggests that it's as effective against ticks as DEET, and on average, lasts longer. The EPA, CDC, and WHO all agree that it's a comparable DEET alternative.
The compound is more popular in Australia and Europe, where it has been available since 1998 and tick-borne illnesses are slightly less common, but DEET remains the staple in the United States.
DEET
Developed by the US Army to protect soldiers from tropical disease-bearing insects in the tropics, DEET or N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide has been the most popular bug repellent in the US since it hit the mass market in 1957. While there has been some degree of controversy over its toxicity, it is highly effective at warding off ticks, mosquitos, and ot ehr insects.
Scientific research published this year by the CDC (Center for Disease Control) shows that of the 650,000 cases of vector-borne (blood-feeding insect-originated) diseases reported in the United States over a 12-year period from 2004-2016, more than 75% were from ticks. So while DEET may be less than ideal for aquatic creatures, it is great protection against the serious diseases you can get from ticks, mosquitos, and so on. The real issue with DEET is that it's highly toxic to aquatic creatures.
Permethrin
A synthetic derivative of the chrysanthemum flower, permethrin is an insecticide used to exterminate mites like lice and scabies, but it's also effective with anything else, which is why the US Army has been treating BDU's with it for the last two decades.
Permethrin is perhaps the least toxic of all the chemical-based bug repellents, but it's also the most odorless and the least effective on bare skin, where it can wear off in as quickly as 15 minutes. On the other hand, it lasts many weeks when applied to clothing — even after several washes — and because it's odorless, it's the ideal bug spray for hunters, anglers, and wildlife stalkers.
IR3535
In the 1970s, Merck developed something called IR3535, which stands for "Insect Repellent 3535," and could probably stand to take on a common name. It was only introduced to the mass market in 1999 and is billed by the EWG as being a "strong" mosquito repellent, and a "good" tick repellent, which isn't quite good enough to knock DEET or picaridin off their thrones, at least at this point.
Essential oils
While not exactly clinically proven, a combination of essential oils is endorsed by many, and, as someone who spends countless hours in tick-infested wooded and shrub-strewn areas, I haven't found a tick on myself since I started using them, particularly the formula put together by Burt's Bees, which also, in my opinion, smells kind of nice, too. I also like that you can rub them all over your face without worrying about ingestion.
Effective mosquito prevention requires a multi-pronged approach in which you remove breeding grounds, kill off adult insects, and deploy products that repel these dangerous pests. If you had to choose just one item for your anti-mosquito arsenal, a wise choice would be time-tested OFF! Deep Woods Insect Repellent with its 25% DEET concentration that wards off mosquitoes, ticks, flies, and more. Here are our top picks for the best mosquito repellent products:
It's not a picnic without a picnic blanket, so we've done the research to find the best ones you can buy. The Picnic Time Outdoor Picnic Blanket Tote XL is our top pick because it's big, soft, and easy to carry around for any outdoor fun you can imagine.
Here are our top picks for the best picnic blankets you can buy:
The gas grill is the centerpiece of your backyard during summertime barbecues, so you should invest in a great one. Here are our top picks for the best gas grills you can buy:
There's nothing like food cooked up al fresco and served hot off the grill. But only a thoroughly cleaned grill can properly cook smoky, savory meats and veggies that diners will devour. Here are our top picks:
A sleeping bag is more than a matter of comfort. In extreme circumstances, having the right sleeping bag can be a matter of life and death. But that's no reason not to find one that's nice and cozy, too. The Hyke & Byke Quandary 15 Degree sleeping bag is warm and comfortable, lightweight and compactable, and it won't break the bank. Here are our best picks for the best sleeping bags you can buy:
