Here's what could happen to America's hundreds of dead malls
Its architect, John Graham Jr., pioneered the dumbbell, big-box shape for malls, in which two rows of stores face each other and two department stores anchor each end. Graham also gave the Northgate Mall a grocery store (which later became a food court) and a huge parking lot. In the decades that followed, malls around the country copied Northgate's layout. It became the model for most American malls through the late 20th century.
This design may not be working in the 21st century, however. Hundreds of malls and thousands of mall-based stores have shuttered in the past two decades, and many more may close in coming years. Approximately 2,000 store locations have announced closures since mid-April, and Credit Suisse analysts expect that number to swell to 8,600 by the end of 2017. In a new report, the research firm predicts that 20% to 25% of malls - or about 220 to 275 shopping centers - will shutter over the next five years, largely due to the store closures.
Traditional malls need to transform themselves to stay alive, and many, including Northgate, are making changes to attract more business.
Developers are now turning many of Northgate Mall's parking spaces into a light rail station, which will connect the neighborhood to downtown Seattle. Other parts of the lot have been turned into LEED-certified apartments, senior housing, a medical center, more retail space, and a bioswale that keeps runoff away from the nearby creek.
Malls of the future have an opportunity to fulfill other community needs besides commerce, June Williamson, a City College of New York architecture professor and the author of "Retrofitting Suburbia," tells Business Insider.
Here are what may become of the many failing malls of today: