As climate change continues to accelerate and its impacts are increasingly felt, the challenges for disaster risk reduction in the future will only grow and be intensified by the impacts of nature and biodiversity loss.
Solutions are already being implemented around the world to address risks, but interconnectivity is not yet placed at the heart of solution design and implementation.
"Interconnected Disaster Risks Report 2021/2022" by the United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) analysed 10 disasters from around the world, which were selected to be representative of a larger global issue, to identify shared root causes and drivers of disasters, and came up with eight solutions which can prevent or reduce a number of disaster risks.
They are: Let nature work (coexist with natural processes); Innovate (using new ideas); Work together (enhancing collaboration); Secure livelihoods (establish safety nets to protect people); Consume sustainably (modify our consumption patterns);
In the past year alone, disasters caused the loss of around 10,000 human lives and over $280 billion in damages worldwide.
"The good news is that just as the disasters are interconnected, so are the solutions," stated Jack O'Connor, Senior Scientist at UNU-EHS and Lead Author of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report.
"One type of solution can prevent or reduce a number of different disaster risks, and through our research, we were able to identify solutions which can prevent or drastically reduce the impacts of disasters to help us save lives and avoid costly damages."
Launched two months ahead of the UN Climate Conference (COP27) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, the report demonstrates that by looking below the surface and identifying the drivers that cause disasters to develop, such as deforestation or urbanization, we can decrease the risk of disasters before they occur.
For example, deforestation leads to soil erosion, where a lack of trees and roots means that there is no protection from wind and rain and the soil is easily washed or blown away.
This creates ideal conditions for multiple disasters, such as the devastating landslides during the Haiti earthquake, the formation of sandstorms in southern Madagascar and the sedimentation of water reservoirs contributing to the Taiwan drought, leading to lives lost or people's homes and income opportunities being destroyed.
By applying the solution "Let nature work", we can harness nature's processes to reduce hazards; for example, by restoring forests to stabilize the soil and prevent land degradation.
The solutions identified in the report are most powerful when implemented in "solution packages", where multiple solutions work together to address the different elements of each interconnected disaster.
For example, a solution package to address the looming extinction of the vaquita is to work with local fisher communities to co-manage conservation areas, innovate and implement more sustainable fishing methods, raise awareness for sustainable consumption, and to enforce regulations to prevent harmful overfishing and illegal trade.
This solution package has a better chance of addressing the problem than if any solutions are implemented in isolation.
"The research on this is detailed. Without investing and scaling up smart solutions, the disasters of 2021/2022 are just the beginning of a new normal. The responsibility to make changes rests with all parts of society: the private sector, governments, regional and local decision-makers, but also with us as individuals. All of our actions have consequences for all of us. In an interconnected world, we are all part of the solution,"