Here's why tapping the US oil reserve has led to America increasing crude exports - and why even more US energy supplies could be shipped overseas

• Since President Joe Biden tapped the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, US crude supplies have jumped.
• But refining capacity constraints have limited how much extra oil the US can process.

Since President Joe Biden announced the release of oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to try to tame high gasoline prices, the US has sent more crude to other countries.

US supply is expected to hit 13 million barrels per day this summer for the first time since November 2019, according to Rystad Energy. Meanwhile, refining capacity constraints have limited how much extra oil the US can process. Because of earlier shutdowns and limited investment in recent years, capacity has shrunk and refineries have been running nearly at full tilt to meet high demand for gasoline and other fuels.

In a report late last month, Rystad said "the unintended consequence of federal intervention is that more barrels than ever before are being sold to international buyers."

US oil exports from the Gulf Coast were on pace to hit an all-time high of 3.3 million barrels per day in the second quarter of 2022, Rystad said, edging past the previous high of 3.2 million in the first quarter of 2020.

And by the second quarter of 2023, Rystad sees Gulf Coast exports topping 4 million barrels per day due to strong Strategic Petroleum Reserve drawdowns and robust domestic supply growth.

"Domestic refining capacity in the US remains depressed compared to pre-Covid levels, so it's no surprise that government intervention to support crude supplies has resulted in an increase in exports of domestically produced light barrels," said Artem Abramov, head of shale research at Rystad Energy, in the report.

In June alone, the US exported a total of 5 million barrels of reserve oil to Asia and Europe, Reuters reported.

The releases from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve come as US oil companies have prioritized returning capital to shareholders over expanding production faster. In fact, US crude oil production dipped 0.5% in April to about 11.6 million barrels per day, hitting the lowest level since February, the Energy Department said on Friday.

While output from the Permian Basin is rising, the Bakken shale formation has seen production slip, keeping total US output below its all-time high of 12.3 million barrels per day. But since oil is traded globally, the extra supplies from the US reserve can still benefit consumers regardless of where they go.

"It means the US is able to support global markets amid the most challenging energy crisis in at least 30 years," Abramov added.

In recent weeks, oil and gasoline prices have been coming down, though fears of a recession have also hit expectations for future demand.

Matt Smith, lead oil analyst for the Americas at Kpler, told Insider that it doesn't make a significant difference whether oil from the US reserves is exported overseas or used domestically. If anything, oil supplies that go abroad could have a bigger benefit if they help ease the international benchmark for oil prices.

"Either way, the goal was to keep [crude] prices down. It doesn't necessarily matter that these barrels are leaving the US, because part of the goal was in response to Russia, so those SPR barrels are meant to backfill Russian crude," Smith said. "And even if SPR barrels are leaving the US, that could actually have a bigger impact on oil prices if it pressures the price down on Brent crude."