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The 21-year-old won in the men's 400m individual medley (IM) with a record of 4:02.50, shattering Phelps' last-standing individual world record at the 2008 Beijing Olympics by a whopping 1.34 seconds. American swimmer Carson Foster came in second, clocking 4.06 seconds behind Marchand.
"That was insane, one of the most painful things I've done. It was amazing to do it here and the time is crazy," said Marchand, per the Olympics, "the best is yet to come." Marchand was presented with the gold medal by Phelps at the victory ceremony.
Here's what you should know about the new world record holder.
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Toulouse-born Léon Marchand has a history of setting new records.
Léon Marchand being presented with his gold medal by Michael Phelps.Clive Rose/Getty Images
His father, Xavier Marchand, is a former medley swimmer.
Léon Marchand receiving a gold medal from his father, former swimmer Xavier Marchand.Damien Meyer/Getty Images
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Coach Bowman's previous protege was Michael Phelps.
Léon Marchand and his coach Bob Bowman.DAMIEN MEYER/Getty Images