Gold
Despite its price changes every day, gold's historic allure and scarcity makes it among the most popular "safe havens" for investors looking to exit volatile markets. Gold now sells for just over $1,500 per ounce, its highest level in six years.
China has been stocking up on gold for eight months straight, with its reserves holding about $93 billion worth of the precious metal by the end of July. The move is seen as insurance against the trade war and a slowing national economy, and has helped to drive gold's price higher.
Though gold's value does fluctuate in the short-term, it serves as an effective hedge against both inflation and deflation. Additionally, geopolitical uncertainty has boosted demand for gold, driving its price higher as investors jump to the metal. The fact that gold has remained a prized commodity for centuries establishes a strong precedent for its role as an alternative asset.
Defensive stocks
The "defensive stocks" category consists of companies in the food, home supplies, healthcare, utilities, and real estate segments. Such stocks also tend to pay dividends to their shareholders, guaranteeing a small yet stable form of income.
Defensive stocks tend to outperform other sectors during recessions due to their common necessity. Even during periods of economic downturn, consumers will need the products sold by such companies, and that steady demand keeps these companies afloat even during the most trying economic times.
A few large defensive stocks include Coca-Cola, Johnson & Johnson, and Philip Morris. These companies still trade daily and follow broad market trends, but for those who'd prefer to keep their money in stocks, these businesses have held their value better than others in bear markets.
Cash
It may be obvious, but the US dollar remains one of the most stable assets around the world. Holding cash insulates investors from wild swings in the market, and even gains value during times of deflation, as a dollar's buying power rises.
Cash reserves also give investors the opportunity to scoop up other assets as their prices dip during economic downturns. Buying assets at low points brings a holding's average cost down and sets investors up for favorable returns when markets rebound.
Real estate
Like with defensive stocks, real estate represents a necessity for individuals, and as the worldwide population grows, betting on robust housing demand is a popular move. Home prices drop during recessions, and timing a purchase is crucial. If the economy follows its historical cycle and recovers from its lows, home prices rise in kind.
Real estate also comes in a range of forms, so investors can pick between anything from a single studio apartment to a lavish mansion. Renting out a purchased home or apartment can also serve as a stream of steady income as an owner waits to sell.