Bill Gates says where you were born is the biggest predictor of your success - and it's a glaring sign of global inequality

A region like the Sahel — a band of sub-Saharan countries including Mali, Niger, and Chad — is more likely to face an issue such as child mortality. A child in Chad, for example, is 55 times more likely to die than a child in Finland. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation plans to make that statistic a thing of the past.

"The world is rich enough that the basic medicines — nothing fancy, nothing super expensive — should get to all those children," Gates told Schatzker. "Likewise, in a lot of countries, girls are still not getting nearly the education or the opportunities that men are."

The report's gender equality section notes that the average woman spends over four hours a day doing unpaid work. This includes childcare and other household chores. When women marry young, receive less education than men, and take care of children, their opportunities become increasingly limited over time.

Gates also said that gender equality is great for both men and women, especially in terms of economic growth. "When you do that right, it really uplifts everyone," he said.

Geography doesn't just keep people stuck in their current socio-economic situations, Gates said. It also keeps them out of sight from people in wealthier countries, which slows progress.

"If the people whose children were dying or had malnutrition were in your neighborhood, then you would immediately organize a group and step up and make sure the problem is eliminated," he said.

In an op-ed in the Atlantic on Tuesday, Bill and Melinda Gates said the "trickle down" approach to eliminating poverty works, but it doesn't work fast enough. They plan to take a targeted approach.

Using data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the foundation has examined inequality in foreign countries on a deeper level. Their plan involves, according to the op-ed, "identifying those in need, analyzing how to help, and delivering solutions directly to them."

This approach has led to several initiatives, including reducing child mortality through vaccines abroad and funding K-12 education in the US, among dozens of other programs.

In an interview with Axios co-founder Mike Allen, Gates said that poor countries have made immense progress in the last 20 years.

"People think, 'Hey, Africa is in tough shape,'" Gates told Allen. "They don't realize that in terms of literacy and child survival, it's in dramatically better shape today than it has ever been."