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  4. 27 photos show how climate change has ravaged the Arctic in the past decade

27 photos show how climate change has ravaged the Arctic in the past decade

In 2012, almost all of Greenland's ice sheet was exposed to melting for the first time in documented history.

27 photos show how climate change has ravaged the Arctic in the past decade

By the last week of July 2019, the rate of melting reached levels that scientists with the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had projected for the year 2070 — in a pessimistic scenario.

By the last week of July 2019, the rate of melting reached levels that scientists with the United Nations

That month — the hottest ever recorded on Earth — 55 billion tons of water melted into the ocean in only five days.

That month — the hottest ever recorded on Earth — 55 billion tons of water melted into the ocean in only five days.

Together, Greenland's and Antarctica's ice sheets hold more than 99% of the planet's fresh water.

Together, Greenland

In the last decade, an average of about 252 billion tons of water melted from Antarctica's ice sheet each year.

In the last decade, an average of about 252 billion tons of water melted from Antarctica

In Greenland, an average of 280 billion tons of ice melted per year over the last decade.

In Greenland, an average of 280 billion tons of ice melted per year over the last decade.

Compared to the annual ice melt Greenland saw in the 1990s, that's a seven-fold increase.

Compared to the annual ice melt Greenland saw in the 1990s, that

Greenland's ice loss hit a peak in 2011, when 369 billion tons of ice separated from the sheet. That's 10 times the annual average melt rate seen in the 1990s.

Greenland

The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. That has devastating consequences for the animals in the Arctic, especially when it comes to their food supply.

The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. That has devastating consequences for the animals in the Arctic, especially when it comes to their food supply.

For example, reindeer in the Arctic typically dig under the snow to find food like lichens and grass in the winter.

For example, reindeer in the Arctic typically dig under the snow to find food like lichens and grass in the winter.

But unusually early snowfall followed by freezing rain in Sweden's Arctic in 2019 trapped the plants that reindeer feed on beneath the ice.

But unusually early snowfall followed by freezing rain in Sweden

Source: Boston Globe

As a result, hundreds of reindeer are dying. Last winter, more than 200 reindeer died of starvation.

As a result, hundreds of reindeer are dying. Last winter, more than 200 reindeer died of starvation.

Reindeer aren't the only animals whose food supply has been compromised over the last decade.

Reindeer aren

Polar bears sometimes hunt underwater, but long swims in the Arctic can lead to energy depletion and hypothermia. So they need to rest on ice.

Polar bears sometimes hunt underwater, but long swims in the Arctic can lead to energy depletion and hypothermia. So they need to rest on ice.

Thinning ice makes it harder for polar bears to travel far enough to find food.

Thinning ice makes it harder for polar bears to travel far enough to find food.

Thinning ice also led Arctic ringed seals, the polar bear's main source of food, to become endangered.

Thinning ice also led Arctic ringed seals, the polar bear

As a result, starving polar bears have been spotted wandering into towns ...

As a result, starving polar bears have been spotted wandering into towns ...

... looking for food.

... looking for food.

Arctic pollution affects polar bears as well.

Arctic pollution affects polar bears as well.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been widely used in commercial products like plastics, pesticides, and insecticides, and they take a long time to degrade, can be transported over long distances, and often wind up trapped in the Arctic.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been widely used in commercial products like plastics, pesticides, and insecticides, and they take a long time to degrade, can be transported over long distances, and often wind up trapped in the Arctic.

The Arctic Ocean has become the Northern Hemisphere's "dead end" for floating plastic, The Atlantic reports, and POPs often contaminate polar bear milk, leaving cubs with toxic pollutants in their bodies.

The Arctic Ocean has become the Northern Hemisphere

Source: The Atlantic

Climate change is the biggest threat to the survival of the polar bear.

Climate change is the biggest threat to the survival of the polar bear.

Food insecurity is also a troubling threat for Alaskan Native communities, since they also rely on the ice for hunting. The ice provided a stable platform for fishing and hunting in the ocean, but as it thins, hunters struggle to find seals, walruses, and different fish they rely on to get through the winter.

Food insecurity is also a troubling threat for Alaskan Native communities, since they also rely on the ice for hunting. The ice provided a stable platform for fishing and hunting in the ocean, but as it thins, hunters struggle to find seals, walruses, and different fish they rely on to get through the winter.

Source: Vice

People living in remote Alaskan villages also face flooding and erosion as a result of rising sea levels.

People living in remote Alaskan villages also face flooding and erosion as a result of rising sea levels.

Source: Vice

These villages are becoming more isolated as ice roads that once connected them to one another melt.

These villages are becoming more isolated as ice roads that once connected them to one another melt.

Source: Vice

It's not just rising temperatures that are melting the ice — it might be wildfires too. Research Ohio State University suggests that smoke and soot from Arctic wildfires may have forced melting in Greenland in 2012.

It

Wildfires are known to break out in the Arctic during the summer season, but the 2019 fires raged longer and were more intense than in previous years. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) tracked more than 100 fires in the Arctic Circle in the summer of 2019.

Wildfires are known to break out in the Arctic during the summer season, but the 2019 fires raged longer and were more intense than in previous years. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) tracked more than 100 fires in the Arctic Circle in the summer of 2019.

Unusually hot and dry conditions in parts of the northern hemisphere — from the Mediterranean to the Arctic — have created ideal conditions for wildfires, according to the WMO.

Unusually hot and dry conditions in parts of the northern hemisphere — from the Mediterranean to the Arctic — have created ideal conditions for wildfires, according to the WMO.

If the rapid melting in the Arctic continues, 400 million people may be at risk of coastal flooding by 2100.

If the rapid melting in the Arctic continues, 400 million people may be at risk of coastal flooding by 2100.

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