Scientists think they’ve spotted 60 potential alien power plants in the Milky Way!

For centuries, humanity has gawked skyward, pondering the existence of life beyond our pale blue dot. As captivating as the Netflix show 3 Body Problem was, it also gave us a sense of just how terrifyingly advanced the unknown can be. And now, a groundbreaking discovery has sent shivers of excitement through the scientific community — the potential identification of seven stars that could be harbouring colossal alien megastructures.

Dyson Spheres, a shell or swarm of objects built by an advanced civilisation to capture the immense energy output of a star, were first proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in 1960. While many dismissed these imaginary behemoths as something that would fit better in a sci-fi story, some think that these megastructures are key targets in the search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

The "Boyajian's Star" sparked wild speculation about alien megastructures back in 2018, only to turn out to be a case of cosmic dust causing a stir. But the hunt for these hypothetical Dyson Spheres is still very much on.

Astronomers on the prowl for these alien megastructures typically rely on two key methods: looking for dips in a star's brightness as the structure passes by and searching for an excess of infrared light, potentially radiating from the structure itself.

However, that infrared light can also come from dusty leftovers from star formation or even super-smashing collisions between space rocks. This makes things tricky, especially when you consider most stars expected to have these discs are younger ones. That's why two new studies found something interesting: they spotted stars with excess infrared light, some older than expected!
Sifting through cosmic oddities
Project Hephaistos, an international endeavour involving scientists from Sweden, India, the US and the UK, has taken a massive leap forward in this quest. After meticulously sifting through data from the European Space Agency's Gaia star map, the 2MASS infrared survey, and NASA's WISE space telescope, scientists have collectively surveyed five million distant solar systems using 'neural network' algorithms.

One of the aforementioned studies identified 53 stars with way more infrared than expected, including some older stars that become more intriguing candidates for Dyson Spheres. But before we start sending out invitations to an intergalactic potluck, these stars need further investigation to determine their exact ages and eliminate more mundane explanations (dust clouds, anyone?).

The second study focused on a different kind of Dyson Sphere — an incomplete one. They found seven M-dwarf stars (smaller, cooler stars than our Sun) with unexpected infrared signals. This is particularly interesting because M-dwarfs rarely have debris discs, which could explain the infrared.
Aliens or cosmic anomalies?
These M-dwarf stars pose a fascinating puzzle. Are they young stars with unusual properties, or something completely new? The truth is, we don't quite know yet. There are several explanations for the weird infrared readings, none of them definitively pointing toward aliens.

Regardless, the implications are staggering. If these infrared excesses are indeed signatures of Dyson spheres, it wouldn't just confirm the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. It would unveil a civilisation far surpassing our own in technological prowess. The Kardashev Scale, a method for classifying civilisations based on their energy utilisation, suggests these potential alien societies have reached a Level II or higher, capable of manipulating their environment on an astronomical scale!

Alternatively, the hunt for Dyson Spheres is leading us to strange and wonderful cosmic oddities. Even if these stars don't turn out to be alien megastructures, they're helping us understand our universe better. And who knows, maybe someday we'll find that smoking gun, that undeniable proof that we're not alone. But for now, let's keep our expectations cautiously optimistic as we explore the cosmos.

The first study’s findings have been detailed in pre-print server arXiv, while the second has been accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.