Dr. Maurizio Cecconi, head of the department of anesthesia and intensive care units at Humanitas Research Hospital in Milan.
- The novel coronavirus has hit Italy hard, pushing its healthcare system to its limits.
- The country's at the European epicenter of the pandemic, reporting more than 15,000 infections and more than 1,000 deaths related to COVID-19.
- As the US braces for an increased number of cases, the Journal of the American Medical Association interviewed Dr. Maurizio Cecconi, a doctor based in Milan, to get his advice on how American doctors should prepare.
- "Don't underestimate this," Cecconi said.
- Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
Italy has quickly become one of the epicenters of the global coronavirus pandemic.
In a conversation hosted by the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Maurizio Cecconi, head of the department of anesthesia and intensive care units at Humanitas Research Hospital in Milan, said Italy's situation began on February 20, when a patient in his 30s tested positive for COVID-19.
As of Friday, Italy had more than 15,000 infections and more than 1,000 deaths related to COVID-19. The country has taken drastic steps, such as locking down the country. In parts of the country hardest hit by the coronavirus, clinicians are facing a shortage of medical supplies and hospital beds. Doctors are being forced to make tough decisions about whom to treat.
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As the case count rises in the US, the country's health system can stand to learn from Italy's experience. Cecconi shared his recommendations for the country, as well as the rest of the world.
Most importantly: "Don't underestimate this," he said. "This is not a normal flu. This is serious."
Read more: 'We're gearing up for something extremely significant': Top hospitals across the US told us how they're preparing for the coronavirus outbreak
While he said the majority of people who get infected will recover on their own, he's noticed that the percentage who need hospitalization is high - especially in the intensive care units.
"Get ready," he said. That includes making sure hospitals are ready for a surge in patients, finding spots in the hospital that can be devoted to those with coronavirus, and adding additional ICU bed capacity.
Ideally, it should happen before the outbreak gets bad in your hospital's area.
"Make sure that if an outbreak comes, a cluster comes close to you, you don't lose by putting the plan in action," Cecconi said.
Claudio Furlan/LaPresse via AP
Medical personnel work inside one of the emergency structures that were set up to ease procedures at the hospital of Brescia, Northern Italy, Tuesday, March 10, 2020. For most people, the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough. For some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.
Hospitals can't win with increased capacity alone
As important as it is for hospitals to prepare, containment and mitigation maneuvers to stop the spread of the virus are also crucial, he said.
"Do not think that you can win this battle just by increasing your capacity," Cecconi said. "Containment, mitigation maneuvers, slowing down maneuvers, are equally important if not more important than any thing we can do as doctors."
To win, it'll take government and citizens helping out as well. That includes taking drastic steps like canceling major events, having employees work from home, and other moves to limit the spread of the virus.
Protective social distancing measures like closing workplaces and canceling large gatherings such as sports games are key in mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 virus, as illustrated by a chart from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
That, in turn, would help stop the virus from overwhelming the US healthcare system.
Samantha Lee/Business Insider
"If the moment comes where your government in the US or in any other country mandates self isolation or any other maneuver, I think it is the personal responsibility of every citizen to do that," Cecconi said.
"Because if you don't take down the transmission of the virus then the capacity of your system will be overwhelmed."
- Read more:
- A leaked presentation reveals the document US hospitals are using to prepare for a major coronavirus outbreak. It estimates 96 million US coronavirus cases and 480,000 deaths.
- Health insurers are cutting members' costs for coronavirus testing and letting them get refills early as the outbreak threatens the US
- Bill Gates says the novel coronavirus is a 'once-in-a-century pathogen.' The Gates Foundation just joined Wellcome and Mastercard in committing $125 million to find new treatments for it.
- The US is struggling to test more people for the coronavirus. Now it's facing a shortage of the materials used to run those tests.
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