Science- William J. Kole's grandmother lived to 104, and he became fascinated by longevity.
- He's written about a woman who lived to be 122 — the oldest documented person ever.
This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with William J. Kole, author of "The Big 100: The New World of Super-Aging." It has been edited for length and clarity.
My grandmother's life spanned three centuries. She was born in 1899 and died in 2003, just before her 104th birthday. She told stories about the changes she witnessed that would make me go weak in the knees. For example, one of her first jobs was playing piano for silent movies, and yet she died in the age of home screening and 3D films.
My grandmother sparked my fascination with extreme longevity. My curiosity was deepened when I worked for The Associated Press in Paris. There, I reported on Jeanne Calment, who lived to 122 years and 164 days — the longest documented life span in history. Just before her 121st birthday, Calment released a rap album. The title translated to "Time's Mistress."
My mother is 93 and still living alone in the house I grew up in, but my dad died at 67, and my brother died at 59. I'm 63, which means I could be just past middle age by family standards or have one foot in the grave. That's part of the reason I set out to learn everything I could about people who live to be 100 or older — and how our society will change as more and more people reach triple digits. With my findings, I wrote my book "The Big 100: The New World of Super-Aging."
Here's what I discovered.
A positive mindset goes a long way
We often think of exercise and a healthy diet as the only proven ways to boost longevity, so I was surprised to learn that mindset plays a massive role. One study found that people with a positive mindset about the aging process lived about 7 ½ years longer than people with less positive perceptions of aging. A 2022 study also showed that people who were satisfied with aging had reduced risk of depression and mortality. We tend to think of the body and mind as separate, but they're not.
Faith may help you live longer, too
One study found that people who practice a religious faith live about four years longer than people who don't. It doesn't matter which religion you observe; longevity researchers say the social aspect of attending religious services helps increase life span.
Marriage might be a pain, but it could increase your life span
Any comic knows the frustrations of marriage are good for a few laughs. While any long-term relationship has ups and downs, having a partner might help you live longer. One study found that among men between 65 and 85 years old, those who were married lived two years longer on average than unmarried men.
Reducing stress can help you live longer
The effect of chronic stress on life span surprised me. Research shows that toxic stress can impact every cell in your body and accelerate the aging process. After learning that, I was inspired to leave my job in the 24/7 news cycle and pursue writing books — a much more relaxed pace of work.
Longevity isn't equitable
There's only so much you can do as an individual to improve longevity; society will have to make systemic changes as well in order to improve people's lifespans across race and class. For example, the impact of chronic stress might help explain one of the more concerning findings from a 2023 analysis on health-related racial disparities. Black Americans, on average, die six years earlier than their white counterparts. That's a lot of life they're missing out on. Also, being in a higher socioeconomic bracket is also associated with a longer lifespan.
We need to start planning for a longer life
The number of people living to 100 and older is projected to grow eightfold by 2050. Half of today's 5-year-olds will live to be 100. That brings up a number of questions about education, ageism, and economics: How will we earn enough to pay a century's worth of bills?
On the bright side, our increasing lifespans mean we'll have bonus years — maybe decades — to create and to love. That could be a beautiful thing.